Browsing by Author "Sabhahit, N.S."

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A comprehensive review on control techniques for power management of isolated DC microgrid system operation
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Bhargavi, K.M.; Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Shrivastava, A.; Jadoun, V.K.
The present research investigations in power management fraternity are focused towards the realization of smart microgrid (MG) technologies. Due to intrinsic advantages of Direct Current (DC) system in terms of compatibility with power generation sources, modern loads and storage devices, DC MG has becoming popular over Alternate Current (AC) system. A secondary voltage and current control schemes of DC MG system are mainly based on the distributed consensus control of Multi-agent system (MAS) to balance generation and the demand. The basic concern of the cooperative control of MAS is consensus, which is to design a suitable control law such that the output of all agents can achieve synchronization. The distributed consensus algorithm requires much less computational power and information exchange in between the neighbor's agent. Meanwhile the other controllers such as model predictive control (MPC) requires accurate dynamic models with high computational cost and it suffers from lack of flexibility. The hierarchical consensus control technique is classified into three levels according to their features, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary. MAS is a popular distributed platform to efficiently manage the secondary control level for synchronization and communication among the power converters in autonomous MGs. In this article, various primary control techniques for local voltage control, voltage restoration in the secondary control level and tertiary control for energy management techniques are discussed. With this, the key emphasis to reduce the voltage deviation and disturbances in a heterogeneous DC MG network solutions are discussed. Furthermore, to analyze the system response and the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery unit, the developed second order heterogeneous consensus controller is compared with the traditional homogeneous consensus control and droop control methods. Finally a detailed discussion on simulation case study using heterogeneous consensus control method over the traditional methods are provided using MATLAB/Simulink platform. © 2021 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.
A new control method to mitigate power fluctuations for grid integrated PV/wind hybrid power system using ultracapacitors
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH info@degruyter.com, 2016) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.
The output power obtained from solar-wind hybrid system fluctuates with changes in weather conditions. These power fluctuations cause adverse effects on the voltage, frequency and transient stability of the utility grid. In this paper, a control method is presented for power smoothing of grid integrated PV/wind hybrid system using ultracapacitors in a DC coupled structure. The power fluctuations of hybrid system are mitigated and smoothed power is supplied to the utility grid. In this work both photovoltaic (PV) panels and the wind generator are controlled to operate at their maximum power point. The grid side inverter control strategy presented in this paper maintains DC link voltage constant while injecting power to the grid at unity power factor considering different operating conditions. Actual solar irradiation and wind speed data are used in this study to evaluate the performance of the developed system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results show that output power fluctuations of solar-wind hybrid system can be significantly mitigated using the ultracapacitor based storage system. © by De Gruyter 2016.
An integrated Control Approach and Power Management of Stand-alone Hybrid Wind/PV/Battery Power Generation System with Maximum Power Extraction Capability
(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.
The production of electricity from renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energy has increased in recent years, due to environmental problems and the shortage of traditional energy sources. In this article we present a detailed mathematical model and a control scheme for hybrid wind and PV based DG system with battery and maximum power extraction capability for isolated mode of operation. The wind power generation system uses wind turbine (WT), a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a three-phase diode rectifier bridge, DC/DC boost converter with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The PV generation system uses PV array, a boost converter with maximum power point tracking controller. Both sources and battery are connected to common dc bus with a dc link capacitor and supply power to load through PWM voltage source inverter. The overall control system consists of MPPT controller for both Wind and PV power system, a bi-directional DC-DC converter controller for battery energy storage management and load side inverter controller for voltage and frequency regulation. Control strategies for individual system components of the proposed system are designed with a view to achieve an acceptable level of voltage and frequency regulation while extracting the maximum power from wind and PV system. The performance of the developed hybrid system is investigated in terms of voltage and frequency regulation capability under changing wind, solar irradiation and variable load conditions.
Battery-ultracapacitor storage devices to mitigate power fluctuations for grid connected PV system
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Jhunjhunwala, J.V.; Karthik, R.P.
This paper presents a control strategy based on energy storage systems to minimize the output power fluctuations for a PV system. Solar energy is naturally intermittent with stochastic fluctuations, by virtue of which, stability and power quality of grid operation are affected. This makes grid integration of PV system cumbersome. The aim of this study is to develop a control strategy to deliver smoothened power to the grid, using battery and ultracapacitors for a grid connected hybrid system. The fluctuating power is absorbed by a battery and ultracapacitors during erratic solar power variation, thus being able to mitigate the power fluctuations to the grid. Bidirectional converters are used in tandem with a battery and ultracapacitors to ensure active energy flow between the grid and the storage systems. The inverter control strategy is implemented such that it will maintain a constant DC link voltage. The PV power system is controlled to extract maximum power. Dynamic modeling and simulation study are accomplished using MATLAB/Simulink. Â© 2015 IEEE.
Design and analysis of dual output flyback converter for standalone PV/battery system
(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2017) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Naik, A.
In this paper, the cost comparison is carried out among flyback, forward and full bridge converters based upon the number of circuit components. The performance assessment in terms of efficiency of the PV array with MPPT controller using flyback and forward converter is detailed. The design and control of Photovoltaic/battery system using a flyback converter for stand-alone applications is presented. A flyback converter is used to get DC output along with an AC output for high frequency applications without employing an inverter. The PV/battery system uses photovoltaic array as the main source of power and a battery as the storage device. The energy input of the PV system is effectively utilized by adopting an MPPT technique and the storage battery is controlled to balance the load requirements using a bi-directional dc-dc converter. This system ensures that the load demand is satisfied under varying solar irradiance conditions and a constant voltage is maintained for different load conditions. The modelling and control strategy of the implemented system is realized in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Design and implementation of single phase inverter based on Cuk converter for PV system
(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2017) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Anandh, N.; Kumar, N.S.
In this paper, analysis and hardware implementation of a single phase inverter based on Cuk converter for PV system is presented. The buck-boost characteristic of such a converter promotes flexibility for both grid tied as well as standalone connections where the ac voltage is either higher than or lesser than the dc input voltage. Further Cuk based topologies have the better efficiency and voltage regulation, which is a lacking feature in a basic boost or a buck configuration. The proposed system not only offers continuous input and output current but also controlled voltage over a wider range. Hence this topology can serve as an expedient alternative converter stage for photovoltaic applications. In the proposed bidirectional two-switch Cuk converter, DSPIC30F2010 controller is used for controlling the duty ratio of switching pulses. Also, this controller generates PWM signals for the switches of single phase H-bridge inverter. The hardware results for the developed prototype of a Cuk converter based single phase inverter are presented. The developed scheme can easily be scalable to a much larger rating of the PV system.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of an isolated self excited induction generator driven by a wind turbine
(2012) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.
This paper presents modeling, simulation and transient analysis of three phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) driven by a wind turbine. Three phase self-excited induction generator is driven by a variable-speed prime mover such as a wind turbine for the clean alternative renewable energy in rural areas. Transients of machine self-excitation under three phase balanced load conditions are simulated using a Matlab/Simulink block diagram for constant, step change in wind speed and random variation in wind speed. Â© 2012 IEEE.
Dynamic modeling and performance analysis of grid connected PMSG based variable speed wind turbines with simple power conditioning system
(2012) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Kumar, K.S.K.
This paper presents modeling, simulation and performance analysis of grid connected wind generation system using direct-driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The proposed system includes a wind turbine (WT), a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a three-phase diode rectifier bridge, a dc bus with a capacitor and a current regulated PWM voltage source inverter. In this paper complete modeling of wind power generation system with PMSG and power electronic converter interface along with the control scheme is developed using a Matlab/Simulink simulation package. The performance of the developed model is studied for different wind speeds and load conditions. Simulation results show that the controllers can regulate the DC link voltage, active and reactive power produced by the wind power generation system. Â© 2012 IEEE.
Dynamic modeling and performance study of a stand-alone photovoltaic system with battery supplying dynamic load
(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research icolak@gazi.edu.tr, 2014) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Balan, A.; Patil, P.; Raza, S.A.
Autonomous photovoltaic power generation is weather and time dependent which need energy storage to balance generation and demand. This paper presents modeling, simulation and performance study of a stand-alone photovoltaic system along with battery back up. The modeling and simulation of the considered system are accomplished in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation model consists of solar energy source, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, battery energy storage element with controller with associated power electronics converters. A pulse-width-modulated (PWM) threephase inverter controller is developed to regulate three-phase ac bus voltage and frequency. The dynamic load such as a three phase induction motor and DC load are considered to study the performance analysis of the system. Simulation results show that under dynamic and steady state condition the control strategies work satisfactorily to supply power to the load.
Intermittent power smoothing control for grid connected hybrid wind/PV system using battery-EDLC storage devices
(Polish Academy of Sciences 12 Smetna Street Krakow 31-343, 2020) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Karthik, R.P.; Prasanna, P.
Wind and solar radiation are intermittent with stochastic fluctuations, which can influence the stability of operation of the hybrid system in the grid integrated mode of operation. In this research work, a smoothing control method for mitigating output power variations for a grid integrated wind/PV hybrid system using a battery and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is investigated. The power fluctuations of the hybrid system are absorbed by a battery and EDLC during wide variations in power generated from the solar and wind system, subsequently, the power supplied to the grid is smoothened. This makes higher penetration and incorporation of renewable energy resources to the utility system possible. The control strategy of the inverter is realized to inject the power to the utility system with the unity power factor and a constant DC bus voltage. Both photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems are controlled for extracting maximum output power. In order to observe the performance of the hybrid system under practical situations in smoothing the output power fluctuations, one-day practical site wind velocity and irradiation data are considered. The dynamic modeling and effectiveness of this control method are verified in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the output power variations of the hybrid wind/PV system can be significantly mitigated using the combination of battery and EDLC based storage systems. The power smoothing controller proposed for the hybrid storage devices is advantageous as compared to the control technique which uses either battery or ultracapacitor used for smoothing the fluctuating power. © 2020. The Author(s).
Maximum power point tracking for grid integrated variable speed wind based distributed generation system with dynamic load
(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research icolak@gazi.edu.tr, 2014) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.
The production of electricity from renewable energy sources like wind energy increases in recent years due to environmental problems and the shortage of traditional energy sources in the near future. This paper presents modeling, simulation and performance study of wind energy based distribution generation (DG) systems for grid connected mode with MPPT controller. The wind power generation system uses wind turbine (WT), a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, dc/dc boost converter with MPPT controller, a dc bus with a capacitor and a current regulated PWM voltage source inverter. Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique is used for maximum power tracking. The performance of the developed model is studied for different wind speeds and load conditions. The wind power output is compared for the cases of with and without maximum power point tracking system. In this work the PQ control strategy is adopted for the inverter of the grid connected wind generation system. Simulation results show that the controllers can regulate the DC link voltage, active and reactive power produced by the wind based DG system.
Operation and control of multiple electric vehicle load profiles in bipolar microgrid with photovoltaic and battery energy systems
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Nisha, K.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Sabhahit, N.S.
Charging of electric vehicles is going to be a major electrical load in the near future, as more and more population shift to electric auto-motives from conventional internal combusted engine-powered vehicles. Integration of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) might even burden the existing grid to a point of collapse or grid failure. Establishing charging stations interfaced with bipolar DC microgrids along the roads and highways is the most realistic and feasible solution to avoid the overburdening of the existing power system. The bipolar DC microgrid is a far better microgrid structure than the unipolar microgrid structure in many aspects like reliability, flexibility, and controllability. It can provide multiple voltage level interfaces according to the load demands, which is very apt for different charging levels of electric vehicles (EVs). Operation of multiple sources and multiple loads connected to bipolar DC microgrid will affect DC voltage regulation, capacitance-voltage balancing, and overall stable operation of the grid. In order to mitigate these power quality problems arising in multi-node bipolar DC microgrids, a decentralized model predictive control is proposed in this paper. EV charging load profiles are modeled and developed by considering standard driving cycles, state of charge, and power demand of multiple vehicles to study the effect of unpredictable varying EV loads in the bipolar DC microgrid. EVCS thus modeled are connected to solar photovoltaic-battery energy storage fed bipolar DC microgrid with three-level/bipolar converters and analyzed under dynamic conditions for capacitance–voltage unbalance mitigation, voltage regulation, and the stability of operation with model predictive control. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the system. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Operation of grid integrated wind/PV hybrid system with grid perturbations
(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research icolak@gazi.edu.tr, 2015) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.
The wind and solar energies are the most available among other renewable energy sources in all over the world. In the present years, because of the rapid advances of power electronic systems the production of electricity from wind and photovoltaic energy sources have increased significantly. In this paper, the performance of the wind/PV hybrid system is studied under different grid perturbation conditions. The wind/PV hybrid system model has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. The wind power system and PV arrays are controlled to attain maximum power output from them. The controller used for inverter maintains constant DC voltage at DC bus while injecting only active power to the grid. The common grid perturbations considered in this study are balanced voltage dip, voltage unbalance and harmonic distortions. The simulation results reported in this work also shows that, the performance of the presented hybrid system model is not affected by the grid disturbances considered.
Optimal operation of multi-source electric vehicle connected microgrid using metaheuristic algorithm
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Sabhahit, N.S.; Jadoun, V.K.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Shrivastava, A.; Kanwar, N.; Nandini, K.K.
In this paper, a multi-source microgrid (MG) has been considered which inducts power from solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine, pumped hydro storage system (PHSS) and diesel generator (DG). A problem formulation is proposed on a multi-source MG considering an electric vehicle (EV) as source and load demand. A modified operation strategy is proposed to achieve the lowest possible fuel usage of DG and to optimize the operation of multi-sources used in the MG. When the sum of PV, wind power production and EV discharge is less than the load requirement, the required deficit power should be delivered by DG and PHS. This work considers PV and wind as the primary energy supplying sources, while DG, EV and PHS as the additional energy suppliers with EV and PHS as energy storage systems. By properly coordinating EVs, they can become a major contributor to the successful execution of the MG concept. In this work, a modified charging/discharging algorithm is presented to check the effect of EVs to supply a portion of peak loads with PHS to reduce the fuel consumption of DG in three diverse modes of operation. A modified whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) are applied to effectively solve this proposed complex problem using the MATLAB platform. The optimum solutions obtained after different independent trials by both the techniques are compared with the latest published techniques. It can be observed that modified WOA performs better than TLBO and other recently published methods on the base case and proposed multi-source MG case in three diverse modes of operation. The outcomes of the simulation confirm the effectiveness of modified WOA in reducing fuel consumption. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Performance study of isolated hybrid power system with multiple generation and energy storage units
(2011) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.
This paper presents proportional-plus-integral (PI) controller based frequency regulation of isolated autonomous hybrid distributed generation system for sudden variation in load demand and wind. The developed hybrid system comprises of wind turbine generator (WTG), micro-turbine generator (MTG), fuel cell (FC), an aqua electrolyzer (AE) along with the energy storage device such as battery energy storage system (BESS). Further ultracapacitor (UC) as an alternative energy storage element is incorporated into the system for better performance. The generated hydrogen by an aqua electrolyzer is used as fuel for a fuel cell. The simulation results reported in the paper focused on frequency response for variable wind power, step load change and variable load. Â© 2011 IEEE.
Performance study of roof top wind solar microgrid system in isolated mode of operation
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014) Gaonkar, D.N.; Sabhahit, N.S.; Raghavendra, P.
The increasing interconnection of distributed generation sources of diverse technologies to low voltage grids introduces considerable complexity in its operation and control. The concept of the microgrid is emerging as a solution to this and also to take full advantage of the potential offered by distributed generation resources. In this paper the performance study of a roof top wind solar hybrid microgrid in isolated mode of operation has been presented. The developed 10 kW microgrid consists of two wind turbine of 3.2 kW each and a PV system of 3.6 kW peak. The microgrid is interfaced to the load through a voltage source inverter. The performance of wind system in the developed microgrid has been investigated under different input conditions and practical results have been reported in this paper. Â© 2014 IEEE.
Power control of PV/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid system for stand-alone applications
(International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2016) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Nempu, P.B.
This paper presents modeling and control of photovoltaic/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid power system for stand-alone applications. The hybrid power system uses solar photovoltaic array and fuel cell as the main sources. These sources share their power effectively to meet the load demand. The supercapacitor bank is used to supply or absorb the power during load transients. The main control system comprises of controller for maximum power tracking from photovoltaic system, a DC-DC boost converter with controller for fuel cell system for power management and inverter controller to regulate voltage and frequency. The stand-alone hybrid system aims to provide quality power supply to the consumers with a constant voltage and frequency along with proper power management using simple control techniques. The modeling and control strategies of the hybrid system are realized in MATLAB/Simulink.
Power smoothing method of PMSG based grid integrated wind energy conversion system using BESS/DSTATCOM
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2019) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Jain, S.K.
The output of the PMSG based wind energy conversion system (WECS) is fluctuating in nature due to intermittency of wind speed. The distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) incorporated with the battery energy storage system (BESS) is used to smooth the power produced from wind generator system. The control strategy of BESS/DSTATCOM and its integration to mitigate the power fluctuations of grid connected WECS is presented. Three-leg three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) based DSTATCOM is used and the battery current is controlled to smooth the net power injected to the utility grid from wind power generation system. The control strategy implemented has the capability of supplying the required amount of power to the utility with help of batteries. The PQ control strategy is employed to control the three-phase inverter for managing power exchange with the utility grid. The real time wind speed data is considered for the simulation study of the system. The effectiveness of the control strategy of the system is validated through the simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environment. © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.