Browsing by Author "Reddy, R.P."

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6 CTA 8.3 G1-1 Cummins engine performance & exhaust emission tests using methyl ester Mahua oil and diesel fuel blends
(2008) Godiganur, S.; Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.H.S.
A Cummins 6 CTA 8.3G1-1 turbocharged DI diesel engine was fueled with blends of esters of Mahua oil and the performance and emissions were compared with diesel. The neat biodiesel, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and base fuel were tested at constant load (28% of rated load) and at constant speed of 1500 rpm. This experiment is conducted on D.G Set, used to supply power to mining equipments in MSPL Iron Ore Company Hospet. Dist. Bellary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of various blends of biodiesel on engine performance and emissions. Neat Mahua oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. These problems can be reduced to minimum by subjecting the Mahua oil to the process of transesterification. Various properties of the biodiesel thus developed are evaluated and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel oil. Copyright © Enviromedia.
6BTA 5.9 G2-1 Cummins engine performance and emission tests using methyl ester mahua (Madhuca indica) oil/diesel blends
(2009) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, C.H.; Reddy, R.P.
Neat mahua oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. The transesterification of mahua oil can reduce these problems. The use of biodiesel fuel as substitute for conventional petroleum fuel in heavy-duty diesel engine is receiving an increasing amount of attention. This interest is based on the properties of bio-diesel including the fact that it is produced from a renewable resource, its biodegradability and potential to exhaust emissions. A Cummins 6BTA 5.9 G2- 1, 158 HP rated power, turbocharged, DI, water cooled diesel engine was run on diesel, methyl ester of mahua oil and its blends at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The volumetric blending ratios of biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel were set at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, HC and NOx) were measured to evaluate and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on biodiesel. The results indicate that with the increase of biodiesel in the blends CO, HC reduces significantly, fuel consumption and NOx emission of biodiesel increases slightly compared with diesel. Brake specific energy consumption decreases and thermal efficiency of engine slightly increases when operating on 20% biodiesel than that operating on diesel. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Behavioral study of alumina nanoparticles in pool boiling heat transfer on a vertical surface
(2011) Hegde, R.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Rao, S.S.
Experiments were carried out to investigate the pool boiling of alumina-water nanofluid at 0.1 g/l to 0.5 g/l of distilled water, and the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of pure water and nanofluid at different mass concentrations were compared at and above the atmospheric pressure. At atmospheric pressure, different concentrations of nanofluids display different degrees of deterioration in boiling heat transfer. The effect of pressure and concentration of nanoparticles revealed significant enhancement in heat flux and deterioration in pool boiling. The heat transfer coefficient of 0.5 g/l alumina-water nanofluid was compared with pure water and clearly indicates deterioration. At all pressures the heat transfer coefficients of the nanofluid were lower than those of pure water. Experimental observation revealed particles coating over the heater surface and subsequent SEM inspection of the heater surface showed nanoparticles coating on the surface forming a porous layer. To substantiate the nanoparticle deposition and its effect on heat flux, investigation was done by measuring the surface roughness of the heater surface before and after the experiment. While SEM images of the heater surface revealed nanoparticle deposition, surface roughness of the heater surface confirmed it. Based on the experimental investigations it can be concluded that an optimum thickness of nanoparticles coating favors an increase in heat flux. Higher surface temperature due to the presence of nanoparticles coating results in the deterioration of boiling heat transfer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boiling induced nanoparticle coating and its effect on pool boiling heat transfer on a vertical cylindrical surface using CuO nanofluids
(2012) Hegde, R.N.; Rao, S.S.; Reddy, R.P.
Experiments were performed to study boiling induced nanoparticle coating and its influence on pool boiling heat transfer using low concentrations of CuOnanofluid in distilled water at atmospheric pressure. To investigate the effect of the nanoparticle coated surface on pool boiling performance, two different concentrations of CuO nanofluids (0.1 and 0.5 g/l) were chosen and tests were conducted on a clean heater surface in nanofluid and nanoparticle coated surface in pure water. For the bare heater tested in CuO nanofluid, CHF was enhanced by 35.83 and 41.68 % respectively at 0.1 and 0.5 g/l concentration of nanofluid. For the nanoparticle coated heater surface obtained by boiling induced coating using 0.1 and 0.5 g/l concentration of nanofluid and tested in pure water, CHF was enhanced by 29.38 and 37.53 % respectively. Based on the experimental investigations it can be concluded that nanoparticle coating can also be a potential substitute for enhancing the heat transfer in pure water. Transient behaviour of nanofluid was studied by keeping heat flux constant at 1,000 and 1,500 kW/m2 for 90 min in 0.5 g/l concentration. The boiling curve shifted to the right indicating degradation in boiling heat transfer due to prolonged exposure of heater surface to nanofluid. Experimental outcome indicated that pool boiling performance of nanofluid could be a strong function of time and applied heat flux. The longer the duration of exposure of the heater surface, the higher will be the degradation in heat transfer. © Springer-Verlag 2012.
Characterization and effect of using Mahua oil biodiesel as fuel in compression ignition engine
(2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.; Reddy, R.P.
There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of Mahua Oil (MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel. In this investigation, Mahua Oil Biodiesel (MOB) and its blend with diesel were used as fuel in a single cylinder, direct injection and compression ignition engine. The MOB was prepared from MO by transesterification using methanol and potassium hydroxide. The fuel properties of MOB are close to the diesel and confirm to the ASTM standards. From the engine test analysis, it was observed that the MOB, B5 and B20 blend results in lower CO, HC and smoke emissions as compared to diesel. But the B5 and B20 blends results in higher efficiency as compared to MOB. Hence MOB or blends of MOB and diesel (B5 or B20) can be used as a substitute for diesel in diesel engines used in transportation as well as in the agriculture sector. © 2009 Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated with mahua oil and liquefied petroleum gas
(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2008) Nadar, K.N.; Reddy, R.P.
For the present work, a single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode. To study the feasibility of using methyl ester of mahua oil as pilot fuel, it was used as pilot fuel and liquefied petroleum gas was used as primary fuel. In dual fuel mode, pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure are the few variables, which affect the performance and emission of dual fuel engine. Hence, in the present work pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure were varied. From the test results, it was observed that the pilot fuel quantity of 5 mg per cycle and injector opening pressure of 200 bar results in higher brake thermal efficiency. Also the exhaust emissions such as smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are lower than other pressures and pilot fuel quantities. The higher injection pressure and proper pilot fuel quantity might have resulted in better atomization, penetration of methyl ester of mahua oil and better combustion of fuel.
Comparison of performance of biodiesels of mahua oil and gingili oil in dual fuel engine
(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2008) Nadar, K.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Anjuri, E.R.
In this work, an experimental work was carried out to compare the performance of biodiesels made from non edible mahua oil and edible gingili oil in dual fuel engine. A single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode and liquefied petroleum gas was used as primary fuel. Biodiesel was prepared by transesterification process and mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) and gingili oil methyl ester (GOME) were used as pilot fuels. The viscosity of MOME is slightly higher than GOME. The dualfuel engine runs smoothly with MOME and GOME. The test results show that the performance of the MOME is close to GOME, at the pilot fuel quantity of 0.45 kg/h and at the advanced injection timing of 30 deg bTDC. Also it is observed that the smoke, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydro carbon emissions of GOME lower than the MOME. But the GOME results in slightly higher NOx emissions. From the experimental results it is concluded that the biodiesel made from mahua oil can be used as a substitute for diesel in dual fuel engine.
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling using alumina nanofluids
(2010) Hegde, R.N.; Rao, S.S.; Reddy, R.P.
The pool boiling characteristics of dilute dispersions of alumina nanoparticles in water were studied. Consistent with other nanofluid studies, it was found that a significant enhancement in critical heat flux (CHF) can be achieved at modest nanoparticle concentrations (<0.1% by volume). During experimentation and subsequent inspection, formation of a porous layer of nanoparticles on the heater surface occurred during nucleate boiling. This layer significantly changes surface texture of the heater wire surface which could be the reason for improvement in the CHF value. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Diethyl Ether on the Performance and Emission of a 4 - S Di Diesel Engine
(SAE International, 2004) Mohanan, P.; Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.
Dimethyl Ether (DME), the methanol analog to Diethyl Ether (DEE), was recently reported as a low emission, high quality diesel fuel replacement. Literature review indicates that significant work is not carried out with respect to its performance analysis and in regard to pollution levels. In the present work, the effect of DEE on the performance and emissions of a four-stroke direct injection diesel engine have been studied. Tests were conducted on the diesel engine with different blends of DEE and diesel as fuel. Test results show that 5 % DEE blend gives better performance and low emissions compared to other blends of DEE and diesel fuel. Hence, 5 % DEE can be blended with diesel fuel to improve the performance and to reduce emissions of the diesel engine. © 2003 SAE International.
Effect of Injection Pressure on Emission Performance of Bio-diesel and its Blends
(2005) Basavaraja, T.; Reddy, R.P.; Swamy, V.
Non-edible vegetable oils can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine operation. The primary problems associated with using straight vegetable oils (SVO) as a fuel in a compression ignition internal combustion engines are caused by high fuel viscosity and low volatility. The high viscosity of vegetable oils can be reduced by using transesterification process of non-edible oil with an alcohol which provides a clean burning fuel (commonly known as bio-diesel) having low viscosity and it can be directly used in conventional unmodified diesel engine. Pongamia oil, a non-edible type is used in this investigation for studying its suitability for use in diesel engine. This paper deals with the results of investigations carried out in studying the fuel properties of pongamia oil (honge oil), pongamia methyl ester and its blends with diesel fuel from 10 to 50% by volume and running in a single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with these fuels at different injection pressures. Various properties of the pongamia oil, pongamia methyl ester and its blends are evaluated using ASTM standards and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel fuel. The characterization of pongamia oil and its methyl ester have been carried out through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. Engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of torque, power, specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on pongamia methyl ester and its blends with diesel. Biodiesel substantially reduces smoke opacity, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons in exhaust gases. The 20% pongamia methyl ester blend with diesel fuel gives better performance and performance of the engine has been improved at 20 MPa injection pressure. � 2005 The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune, India.
Effect of Injection Pressure on Emission Performance of Bio-diesel and its Blends
(SAE International, 2005) Basavaraja, T.; Reddy, R.P.; Swamy, V.
Non-edible vegetable oils can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine operation. The primary problems associated with using straight vegetable oils (SVO) as a fuel in a compression ignition internal combustion engines are caused by high fuel viscosity and low volatility. The high viscosity of vegetable oils can be reduced by using transesterification process of non-edible oil with an alcohol which provides a clean burning fuel (commonly known as bio-diesel) having low viscosity and it can be directly used in conventional unmodified diesel engine. Pongamia oil, a non-edible type is used in this investigation for studying its suitability for use in diesel engine. This paper deals with the results of investigations carried out in studying the fuel properties of pongamia oil (honge oil), pongamia methyl ester and its blends with diesel fuel from 10 to 50% by volume and running in a single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with these fuels at different injection pressures. Various properties of the pongamia oil, pongamia methyl ester and its blends are evaluated using ASTM standards and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel fuel. The characterization of pongamia oil and its methyl ester have been carried out through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. Engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining comparative measures of torque, power, specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions and compute the behavior of the diesel engine running on pongamia methyl ester and its blends with diesel. Biodiesel substantially reduces smoke opacity, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons in exhaust gases. The 20% pongamia methyl ester blend with diesel fuel gives better performance and performance of the engine has been improved at 20 MPa injection pressure. Â© 2005 The Automotive Research Association of India, Pune, India.
Effect of injection pressure on the performance and emission of diesel engine using blend of methyl esters of karanja oil and diesel as fuel
(2006) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.; Basavaraj, T.
There is an increasing interest in India to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of karanja oil as one of the main alternative fuel to diesel oil. Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) was prepared by transesterfication method. In the present work, blend of diesel and karanja oil methyl ester (B20) were used as fuel and the effect of injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a direct injected, four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine was studied. Results showed that for the B20 blend, the injection pressure of 200 bar results in better performance and lower emissions than other injection pressures. The brake thermal efficiency of karanja methyl ester at 200 bar was comparable with diesel. The engine emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and smoke emission were lower than diesel operation. Based on this study, it is observed that the B20 blend can be used as fuel in diesel engine with the injection pressure of 200 bar. Copyright � 2006 SAE International and Copyright � 2006 SAE Japan.
Effect of injection pressure on the performance and emission of diesel engine using blend of methyl esters of karanja oil and diesel as fuel
(SAE International, 2006) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.; Basavaraj, T.
There is an increasing interest in India to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of karanja oil as one of the main alternative fuel to diesel oil. Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) was prepared by transesterfication method. In the present work, blend of diesel and karanja oil methyl ester (B20) were used as fuel and the effect of injection pressure on the performance and emissions of a direct injected, four stroke, single cylinder diesel engine was studied. Results showed that for the B20 blend, the injection pressure of 200 bar results in better performance and lower emissions than other injection pressures. The brake thermal efficiency of karanja methyl ester at 200 bar was comparable with diesel. The engine emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and smoke emission were lower than diesel operation. Based on this study, it is observed that the B20 blend can be used as fuel in diesel engine with the injection pressure of 200 bar. Â© Â© 2006 SAE International and Copyright Â© 2006 SAE Japan.
Effect of injection time on the performance and emissions of LPG ME of mahua oil dual fuel engine
(2007) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.
There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of non edible mahua oil as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil. Hence in the present work, Methyl Ester of Mahua Oil (MEMO) was used as pilot fuel and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was used as primary fuel. A single cylinder, direct injection, four stroke, diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode and the effect of injection time on the performance and emission of the dual fuel engine was studied. During tests, the engine was running smoothly with the MEMO. From the test results, it is observed that, at part loads, the advanced injection timing of 30� bTDC results in slight increase in brake thermal efficiency and lower exhaust emissions as compared to rated injection timing of 27� bTDC and retarded injection timing of 25� bTDC. Copyright � 2007 SAE International.
Effect of injection time on the performance and emissions of LPG ME of mahua oil dual fuel engine
(SAE International, 2007) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.
There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of non edible mahua oil as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil. Hence in the present work, Methyl Ester of Mahua Oil (MEMO) was used as pilot fuel and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was used as primary fuel. A single cylinder, direct injection, four stroke, diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode and the effect of injection time on the performance and emission of the dual fuel engine was studied. During tests, the engine was running smoothly with the MEMO. From the test results, it is observed that, at part loads, the advanced injection timing of 30Â° bTDC results in slight increase in brake thermal efficiency and lower exhaust emissions as compared to rated injection timing of 27Â° bTDC and retarded injection timing of 25Â° bTDC. Copyright Â© 2007 SAE International.
Effect of injection timing and compression ratio on the performance and emissions of 2 -S SI engine with in-cylinder injection of methanol
(2005) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.; Prakash, T.P.
Producing and using renewable fuels for transportation is one approach for a sustainable energy for India, as well as the rest of the world. In the transportation sector, alcohols produced from biomass shows promise as an alternative fuel for spark ignited (SI) engines because of its high octane number. In the present work, methanol was used as an alternative fuel. In two stroke engines, In-cylinder injection of fuel results in excellent fuel economy potentional with lesser emissions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of injection timing and compression ratio on the performance and emissions of the engine. An air cooled, constant speed, single cylinder, two stroke, spark ignition scooter engine was modified to work in fuel injection mode. The performance of the modified engine was compared with the base engine. From the experimental results it was observed that the injection timing of 40�BEPC and compression ratio of 8.56:1 gives better performance and lower emissions than the base engine. Copyright � 2005 SAE International.
Effect of injection timing and compression ratio on the performance and emissions of 2 -S SI engine with in-cylinder injection of methanol
(SAE International, 2005) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.; Prakash, T.P.
Producing and using renewable fuels for transportation is one approach for a sustainable energy for India, as well as the rest of the world. In the transportation sector, alcohols produced from biomass shows promise as an alternative fuel for spark ignited (SI) engines because of its high octane number. In the present work, methanol was used as an alternative fuel. In two stroke engines, In-cylinder injection of fuel results in excellent fuel economy potentional with lesser emissions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of injection timing and compression ratio on the performance and emissions of the engine. An air cooled, constant speed, single cylinder, two stroke, spark ignition scooter engine was modified to work in fuel injection mode. The performance of the modified engine was compared with the base engine. From the experimental results it was observed that the injection timing of 40Â°BEPC and compression ratio of 8.56:1 gives better performance and lower emissions than the base engine. Copyright Â© 2005 SAE International.
Effect of using Mahua as an alternative fuel in diesel engine
(2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.; Reddy, R.P.
There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of non-edible Mahua Oil (MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil in India. The objective of the present work is to use MO as a partial renewable alternative substitute for diesel in the agricultural diesel engine. Since the viscosity of the MO is high, it was blended with conventional diesel oil in various proportions (M5, M10, M15 and M20 on volume basis) and fuel properties of the blends were determined and compared with the diesel. Engine tests were carried out on a single cylinder diesel engine at varying loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), without making any modification in the fuel injection system and the results were compared with the diesel. The M5 and M10 blends resulted in performance and emission characteristics comparable to diesel operation and also emits lower carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke emissions as compared to other blends. From the analysis, it is concluded that the MO can be partially substituted for diesel oil in the diesel engine, without making any modification in the hardware of the engine.
Evaluation of methyl esters of mahua oil (mahua indica) as diesel fuel
(2008) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.
There is increasing interest in India for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This search has led to mahua oil (MO) as one alternative for diesel fuel in India. Mahua oil methyl esters (MOME) were prepared by transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing was done to determine the conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel (MOME). The properties of MOME were close to those of diesel oil. Engine testing was conducted using a single-cylinder 4-stroke direct-injection, constant-speed compression-ignition diesel engine using MO, MOME and B20 as fuels. The engine ran smoothly with MOME and B20, but heavy smoke emissions were observed when MO was used as fuel. © 2007 AOCS.
Evaluation of properties and storage stability of Madhuca indica biodiesel
(Japan Oil Chemists Society yukagaku@jocs-office.or.jp, 2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.; Reddy, R.P.
Mahua Oil (MO) is an underutilized non-edible vegetable oil, which is available in large quantities in India. In the present work, biodiesel was derived from the MO by the transesterification process. The fuel properties of the MO biodiesel were found to be within the limits of biodiesel specifications of many countries. The chemical nature of biodiesel makes it more susceptible to oxidation during long-term storage which leads to degradation of fuel properties that can compromise fuel quality. The effect of long storage condition on the stability of the MO biodiesel was studied in the present work. The biodiesel samples were stored in plastic containers at room temperature. The study was conducted for a period of 12 months and the test sample was kept in the darkness. From the experimental results, it was observed that the acid value and viscosity increases with the storage time, but the iodine value decreased with increasing storage time. This is due to the presence of the double bond in the molecule of the biodiesel which produce a high level of reactivity. This high level reactivity produces formation of hydroperoxides, soluble polymers and other secondary products. From the experimental results, a slight difference in the acid value, iodine value and viscosity of the MO biodiesel stored for a period of 30 days was observed. But after this period, the differences were significant. © 2009 by Japan Oil Chemists' Society.