Browsing by Author "Reddy, K.R."

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A Comparative Study on Using Laterite and Sandstone Aggregates on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, K.R.; Reddy, K.R.
Scarcity of natural aggregates in concrete construction is leading to explore the use of alternative materials, especially various industrial waste products. Mining industry is one such major source of waste materials. Sandstone, which is overlying coal seams, is the largest quantity of waste rock being produced by coal mining industry. Laterite is another waste comes from small scale quarries. An attempt is made to assess the use of laterite-GGBS and sandstone as partial replacement for sand in concrete. Sandstone samples were collected from the dumps of a coal mine in south India and laterite samples were collected from different quarries from the southwestern part of India. Various properties of mine waste samples were determined in the laboratory as per IS codes, the properties were found to be very close to that of natural river sand. Mix proportions were prepared for M20 grade concrete. Mechanical properties of concrete with different mixes (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement with sand) were determined and compared. As a result, the concrete mixes with the replacement of fine aggregates with 100% sandstone increased in strength properties i.e., compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength compared to laterite mixes, where the strength properties decreased with increase in replacement levels. This indicates that sandstone can be an effective replacement for the river sand in concrete. Â© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Correction to: Social Engineering Attacks During the COVID-19 Pandemic (SN Computer Science, (2021), 2, 2, (78), 10.1007/s42979-020-00443-1)
(Springer, 2021) Venkatesha, S.; Reddy, K.R.; Chandavarkar, B.R.
In the original publication of the article, the production team processed fgure captions incorrectly for the Fig. 2 to 10. The correct fgure captions are given below:Fig. 2 Accounts that received a â€œgovernment-backed attackerâ€ warning each month of 2020 [9]Fig. 3 Spending by business on software during the early stages of the COVID 19 pandemic [14]Fig. 4 Number of customers on online platforms increased for most product due to COVID-19 [17]Fig. 5 Outline of a credential phishing attack [20]Fig. 6 Outline of a business email compromise attack [20]Fig. 7 COVID-19 themed SEAs [10]Fig. 8 Modifcations to phishing emails in response to the pandemic [24]Fig. 9 Phishing email impersonating the WHO [19]Fig. 10 Phishing SMS [23]The original article has been corrected Â© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.
Experimental investigations on performance of concrete incorporating precious slag balls (PS Balls) as fine aggregates
(Techno Press technop2@chollian.net, 2019) Sharath, S.; Gayana, G.B.; Reddy, K.R.; Ram Chandar, R.C.
Substitution of natural fine aggregates with industrial by-products like precious slag balls (PS Balls) offers various advantages like technical, economic and environmental which are very important in the present era of sustainability in construction industry. PS balls are manufactured by subjecting steel slag to slag atomizing Technology (SAT) which imparts them the desirable characteristics of fine aggregates. The main objective of this research paper is to assess the feasibility of producing good quality concrete by using PS balls, to identify the potential benefits by their incorporation and to provide solution for increasing their utilization in concrete applications. The study investigates the effect of PS balls as partial replacement of fine aggregates in various percentages (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) on mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. The optimum mix was found to be at 40% replacement of PS balls with maximum strength of 62.89 MPa at 28 days curing. Permeability of concrete was performed and it resulted in a more durable concrete with replacement of PS balls at 40% and 100% as fine aggregates. These two specific values were considered as optimum replacement is 40% and also the maximum possible replacement is 100%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was done and it was found that the PS balls in concrete were unaffected and with optimum percentage of PS balls as fine aggregates in concrete resulted in good strength and less cracks. Hence, it is possible to produce good workable concrete with low water to cement ratio and higher strength concrete by incorporating PS balls. © 2019 Techno-Press, Ltd.
Root reinforcement of herbaceous vegetation for stabilization of coal mine overburden dump slopes
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kumar, A.; Nainegali, L.; Das, S.K.; Reddy, K.R.
Slope instability of coal mine overburden dumps poses significant challenges to mining safety and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the potential for root reinforcement offered by herbaceous vegetation (Dendrocalamus strictus and Cymbopogon citratus) for enhanced slope stability. A series of pot experiments were conducted to grow grasses with the coal mine overburden material. The survival and growth of grasses in the nutrient-devoid overburden are critical because they directly impact the effectiveness of root reinforcement. Therefore, the effect of amendment quantity on plant growth was assessed. A direct shear box test was conducted on the bare and rooted samples using a fabricated internal shear test assembly to determine the strength. The higher peak shear stress and dilatancy angle observed for the rooted specimens were due to the high root tensile strength mobilizing the shear stresses. The results of shear tests were subsequently employed in limit equilibrium slope stability analyses where material heterogeneity was considered to account for uncertainties linked to material properties. The deterministic analysis provided insights into the expected improvements in slope stability due to root reinforcement, offering a baseline for comparison. Meanwhile, the probabilistic analysis considered the variability in material properties, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the uncertainty associated with the slope stability assessment regarding the reliability index and probability of failure. By combining experimental investigations with rigorous analytical approaches, this study enhances our understanding of how grassroots reinforcement can enhance the stability of coal mine overburden dumps. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Slope stabilization of coal mine overburden dumps: life cycle environmental sustainability assessment of alternatives
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kumar, A.; Nainegali, L.; Das, S.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Mishra, A.
The stability of coalmine overburden dumps is a crucial aspect and often requires a slope stabilization method in place to prevent slope failures. Mechanical methods like benching, gabion wall construction, geogrid reinforcement, and biological methods like the use of vegetation can suffice the need for slope stabilization. In this study, a life cycle assessment of the above-mentioned methods was performed to obtain the environmental impacts through various midpoint impact categories considering a “cradle-to-site” assessment. The system boundary for each method was created using the involved activities and associated equipment and energy needs. The Ecoinvent 3.0 database and TRACI assessment method were used to perform the life cycle impact assessment using SimaPro software. The results show that the use of vegetation caused the least impact. The highest impact under the majority midpoint categories was caused by geogrid reinforcement followed by benching, which was mostly attributed to the geogrid production and OB handling activities, respectively. The carcinogenic, followed by ecotoxicity and fossil fuel depletions, were the most impacted categories for the mechanical methods, which may be due to the release of chemical pollutants during material production or handling. Adherence to the overburden dump management guidelines and the use of renewable sources of energy are the two major aspects that can drastically curb the emission load on the environment, thus inching towards the goal of sustainability while adopting slope stabilization measures for overburden dumps. Besides imparting stability, plants provide a diverse solution to the other ills associated with the overburden storage and management. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Social Engineering Attacks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Springer, 2021) Venkatesha, S.; Reddy, K.R.; Chandavarkar, B.R.
The prevailing conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted a variety of everyday activities onto platforms on the Internet. This has led to an increase in the number of people present on these platforms and also led to jump in the time spent by existing participants online. This increase in the presence of people on the Internet is almost never preceded by education about cyber-security and the various types of attacks that an everyday User of the Internet may be subjected to. This makes the prevailing situation a ripe one for cyber-criminals to exploit and the most common type of attacks made are Social Engineering Attacks. Social Engineering Attacks are a group of sophisticated cyber-security attacks that exploit the innate human nature to breach secure systems and thus have some of the highest rate of success. This paper delves into the particulars of how the COVID-19 pandemic has set the stage for an increase in Social Engineering Attacks, the consequences of this and some techniques to thwart such attacks. Â© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature.
Social Engineering Attacks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Springer, 2021) Venkatesha, S.; Reddy, K.R.; Chandavarkar, B.R.
The prevailing conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted a variety of everyday activities onto platforms on the Internet. This has led to an increase in the number of people present on these platforms and also led to jump in the time spent by existing participants online. This increase in the presence of people on the Internet is almost never preceded by education about cyber-security and the various types of attacks that an everyday User of the Internet may be subjected to. This makes the prevailing situation a ripe one for cyber-criminals to exploit and the most common type of attacks made are Social Engineering Attacks. Social Engineering Attacks are a group of sophisticated cyber-security attacks that exploit the innate human nature to breach secure systems and thus have some of the highest rate of success. This paper delves into the particulars of how the COVID-19 pandemic has set the stage for an increase in Social Engineering Attacks, the consequences of this and some techniques to thwart such attacks. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature.
Sustainable approaches for utilizing waste in building construction: Two case studies in India
(2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat, Reddy, D.
Problems associated with increasing waste due to rising urban developments and its environmental concerns are reviewed. The challenges and standards for sustainable construction are outlined. This study explores potential utilization of different types of waste materials in building construction for its efficient and sustainable management. The benefits and challenges in utilization of waste for building applications are reviewed. Two case studies which demonstrate effective utilization of waste in construction projects carried out in India are outlined. These sustainable approaches of managing waste in building construction shall help private and governmental agencies to incorporate effective waste management strategies in future. This study will offer a background and useful guide for engineers and material scientists to develop standards and specifications for cost effective alternate building materials and techniques for economy, energy, and environmental benefits. 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Sustainable approaches for utilizing waste in building construction: Two case studies in India
(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat Reddy, D.V.
Problems associated with increasing waste due to rising urban developments and its environmental concerns are reviewed. The challenges and standards for sustainable construction are outlined. This study explores potential utilization of different types of waste materials in building construction for its efficient and sustainable management. The benefits and challenges in utilization of waste for building applications are reviewed. Two case studies which demonstrate effective utilization of waste in construction projects carried out in India are outlined. These sustainable approaches of managing waste in building construction shall help private and governmental agencies to incorporate effective waste management strategies in future. This study will offer a background and useful guide for engineers and material scientists to develop standards and specifications for cost effective alternate building materials and techniques for economy, energy, and environmental benefits. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Use of Laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries
(2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat, Reddy, D.
Utilisation of local materials is an important step to sustainable construction to reduce transportation cost, save embodied energy, and protect the environment. This paper advocates the use of local laterite-a soil type rich in iron and alumina formed under hot and wet tropical conditions-due to its cost effectiveness and energy efficiency than that of conventional modern materials in tropical developing countries. This paper summarizes the occurrence and characteristics of laterite and then highlights the need for developing universal database of properties and standard testing protocols to facilitate evaluation and extensive use laterite in building applications. Understanding of properties and potential challenges of using this material will benefit for the development of suitable strategies/techniques for sustainable construction. Overall, this study identifies various factors that should be considered for efficient utilization and managements of laterite in construction to meet the growing demand of new housing and infrastructural in different regions of developing tropical world. � 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Use of Laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries
(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat Reddy, D.V.
Utilisation of local materials is an important step to sustainable construction to reduce transportation cost, save embodied energy, and protect the environment. This paper advocates the use of local laterite-a soil type rich in iron and alumina formed under hot and wet tropical conditions-due to its cost effectiveness and energy efficiency than that of conventional modern materials in tropical developing countries. This paper summarizes the occurrence and characteristics of laterite and then highlights the need for developing universal database of properties and standard testing protocols to facilitate evaluation and extensive use laterite in building applications. Understanding of properties and potential challenges of using this material will benefit for the development of suitable strategies/techniques for sustainable construction. Overall, this study identifies various factors that should be considered for efficient utilization and managements of laterite in construction to meet the growing demand of new housing and infrastructural in different regions of developing tropical world. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.