Browsing by Author "Rangappa, S.M."

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    A comprehensive review on 3D printing advancements in polymer composites: technologies, materials, and applications
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Jagadeesh, P.; Madhu, M.; Rangappa, S.M.; Karfidov, K.; Gorbatyuk, S.; Khan, A.; Doddamani, M.; Siengchin, S.
    3D printing is a constantly expanding technology that represents one of the most exciting and disruptive production possibilities available today. This technology has gained global recognition and garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, technological breakthroughs, particularly in the field of material science, continue to be the focus of research, particularly in terms of future advancements. The 3D printing techniques are employed for the manufacturing of advanced multifunctional polymer composites due to their mass customization, freedom of design, capability to print complex 3D structures, and rapid prototyping. The advantages of 3D printing with multipurpose materials enable solutions in challenging locations such as outer space and extreme weather conditions where human involvement is not possible. Each year, numerous research papers are published on the subject of imbuing composites with various capabilities such as magnetic, sensing, thermal, embedded circuitry, self-healing, and conductive qualities by the use of innovative materials and printing technologies. This review article discusses the various 3D printing techniques used in the manufacture of polymer composites, the various types of reinforced polymer composites (fibers, nanomaterials, and particles reinforcements), the characterization of 3D printed parts, and their applications in a various industries. Additionally, this review discussed the limitations of 3D printing processes, which may assist future researchers in increasing the utility of their works and overcoming the shortcomings of previous works. Additionally, this paper discusses processing difficulties, anisotropic behavior, stimuli-responsive characteristics (shape memory and self-healing materials), CAD constraints, layer-by-layer appearance, and void formation in printed composites. Eventually, the promise of maturing technology is discussed, along with recommendations for research activities that are desperately required to realize the immense potential of operational 3D printing. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
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    Mechanical characterization of 3D printed MWCNTs/HDPE nanocomposites
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Kumar, S.; Ramesh, M.R.; Doddamani, M.; Rangappa, S.M.; Siengchin, S.
    The development of polymer nanocomposite blends using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is presented in this paper. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) based 3D printer is used to realize MWCNT (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 by wt. %)/HDPE nanocomposite (NC) 3D printed samples. The addition of MWCNT increases TCryst, αCryst and TMelt. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of neat HDPE and MWCNT/HDPE NCs is also carried out to check their thermal stability at higher working temperatures. The degradation temperature of MWCNT/HDPE NCs is observed to be higher than neat HDPE and increasing with MWCNT content. The filaments are tested for tensile, while specimens are tested for both tensile and flexural properties. It is observed that tensile and flexural modulus and strength improve with increasing MWCNT. Finally, the results of the tensile tested specimens are compared to those of various HDPE composites found in the literature. © 2022
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    Review on fiber composites for sustainable high strain rate applications
    (Elsevier Inc., 2025) Lakshme Gowda, D.M.; Bhat, R.S.; Rangappa, S.M.; Siengchin, S.
    Over the past two decades, the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance materials has driven significant advancements in fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs), particularly for dynamic and ballistic applications. This review provides an integrated overview of recent developments, highlighting sustainable reinforcements, novel stacking configurations, and advanced machine learning (ML) predictive approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on bio-inspired helicoidal laminates and hybrid architectures, which offer superior energy absorption, damage tolerance, and impact mitigation. Hybrid laminates incorporating satin weaves, high-modulus fibers, and compliant matrices enhance post-impact toughness and better structural integrity. Additionally, embedding a high-hardness (70–90 Shore A) rubber core with a compliant matrix mitigates conical crack propagation, improves strain rate sensitivity, and reduces delamination under both low- and high-velocity impacts. The dynamic response of FRPCs is examined using experimental techniques such as Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) testing and impact assessments, revealing the influence of design variables on strain-rate-dependent behavior. To support material selection and design optimization in fiber composites, ML techniques, Ashby charts, and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) frameworks are explored, balancing performance, sustainability, and manufacturability. Failure mechanisms such as delamination, fiber pull-out, and matrix cracking are analyzed with respect to hybridization strategies and environmental effects. Finite element analysis (FEA) tools, including ABAQUS, ANSYS AUTODYN, and LS-DYNA, are reviewed for their predictive accuracy, validated against experimental results. Standardized testing protocols (ASTM D7136, D7137, F1342; NIJ-0101.06) ensure the consistent evaluation of both flexible and rigid armor systems. The review also discusses manufacturing advancements such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and filament winding, which improve scalability and reduce waste. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, including acoustic emission, ultrasonic C-scanning, and X-ray CT, are highlighted for real-time damage assessment. Finally, integrating ML algorithms such as MLP, SVM, RF, and CNN with experimental and simulation data enhances predictive modeling, damage classification, and tailored composite design. This convergence of bio-inspired design, computational tools, and intelligent systems is accelerating the development of next-generation FRPCs for aerospace, defense, automotive, and civil engineering applications. © 2025 The Authors