Browsing by Author "Rajendran, S."

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An overview of the shared task on machine translation in Indian languages (MTIL)-2017
(De Gruyter peter.golla@degruyter.com, 2019) Anand Kumar, M.A.; Premjith, B.; Singh, S.; Rajendran, S.; Padannayil, K.P.
In recent years, the multilingual content over the internet has grown exponentially together with the evolution of the internet. The usage of multilingual content is excluded from the regional language users because of the language barrier. So, machine translation between languages is the only possible solution to make these contents available for regional language users. Machine translation is the process of translating a text from one language to another. The machine translation system has been investigated well already in English and other European languages. However, it is still a nascent stage for Indian languages. This paper presents an overview of the Machine Translation in Indian Languages shared task conducted on September 7-8, 2017, at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India. This machine translation shared task in Indian languages is mainly focused on the development of English-Tamil, English-Hindi, English-Malayalam and English-Punjabi language pairs. This shared task aims at the following objectives: (a) to examine the state-of-the-art machine translation systems when translating from English to Indian languages; (b) to investigate the challenges faced in translating between English to Indian languages; (c) to create an open-source parallel corpus for Indian languages, which is lacking. Evaluating machine translation output is another challenging task especially for Indian languages. In this shared task, we have evaluated the participant's outputs with the help of human annotators. As far as we know, this is the first shared task which depends completely on the human evaluation. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
Analytical investigation on mixing characteristics of airfoil shaped swirler for gas turbine combustors
(American Institute of Physics, 2024) Anil, H.R.M.; Prithv; I Gowda, S.K.; Shankaregowda, S.K.; Rajendran, S.; Srikanth, S.H.
This paper presents a study on a novel axial flow swirler concept for gas turbine engines, which plays a crucial role in achieving desired air motion patterns with swirl. The main objective of this research is to enhance turbulence generation in the combustion chamber at the primary zone, and for this purpose, two swirler models were developed and investigated. The first swirler model is with a flat blade design without an airfoil, while the second model includes a curved blade with an airfoil factor, allowing for the variation of flow patterns. To estimate the flow recirculation induced by these two swirler designs, computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out using Ansys Fluent. The simulations were regulated within restricted domains to accurately observe the flow behaviour. The analysis mainly focused on comparing and examining the contours created by the flat blade and curved blade swirler models. By analysing the results, it was feasible to identify the swirler design that displayed better flow recirculation. This observation is specifically significant as it directly contributes in reduction of NOx emissions in gas turbine engines. Â© 2024 AIP Publishing LLC.
Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for variable speed wind turbine
(2015) Rajendran, S.; Jena, D.
This paper presents the nonlinear control for variable speed wind turbine (VSWT). The dynamics of the wind turbine (WT) are derived from the single mass model. The control objective is to maximize the energy capture from the wind with reduced oscillation on the drive train. The generator torque is considered as the control input and it depends on the optimal rotor speed which is derived from the effective wind speed. The effective wind speed is estimated from the aerodynamic torque and rotor speed by using the modified Newton Rapshon (MNR). Initially the conventional sliding mode controller (SMC) is considered. The control performance of SMC was compared with Backstepping Sliding Mode Control (BSMC) for different level of disturbance. The conventional SMC and proposed BSMC are tested with mathematical model and validated through the different mean wind speed. The result shows the better performance of BSMC and robustness to disturbances. � 2014 IEEE.
Fundamental physics opportunities with future ground-based mm/sub-mm VLBI arrays
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Ayzenberg, D.; Blackburn, L.; Brito, R.; Britzen, S.; Broderick, A.E.; Carballo-Rubio, R.; Cardoso, V.; Chael, A.; Chatterjee, K.; Chen, Y.; Cunha, P.V.P.; Davoudiasl, H.; Denton, P.B.; Doeleman, S.S.; Eichhorn, A.; Eubanks, M.; Fang, Y.; Foschi, A.; Fromm, C.M.; Galison, P.; Ghosh, S.G.; Gold, R.; Gurvits, L.I.; Hadar, S.; Held, A.; Houston, J.; Hu, Y.; Johnson, M.D.; Kocherlakota, P.; Natarajan, P.; Olivares Sánchez, H.; Palumbo, D.; Pesce, D.W.; Rajendran, S.; Roy, R.; Saurabh; Shao, L.; Tahura, S.; Tamar, A.; Tiede, P.; Vincent, F.H.; Visinelli, L.; Wang, Z.; Wielgus, M.; Xue, X.; Yakut, K.; Yang, H.; Younsi, Z.
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration recently published the first images of the supermassive black holes in the cores of the Messier 87 and Milky Way galaxies. These observations have provided a new means to study supermassive black holes and probe physical processes occurring in the strong-field regime. We review the prospects of future observations and theoretical studies of supermassive black hole systems. Current ground-based very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) arrays like the EHT and proposed future extensions like the next-generation Event Horizon Telescope will greatly enhance the capabilities of black-hole imaging interferometry. These enhancements will open up several previously inaccessible avenues of investigation, thereby providing important new insights into the properties of supermassive black holes and their environments. This review describes the current state of knowledge for five key science cases, summarising the unique challenges and opportunities for fundamental physics investigations that future mm/sub-mm VLBI developments will enable. © The Author(s) 2025.
Intrinsic evaluation for englishâ€“tamil bilingual word embeddings
(Springer Verlag service@springer.de, 2020) Jp, J.P.; Krishna Menon, V.K.; Rajendran, S.; Padannayil, K.P.; Anand Kumar, M.A.
Despite the growth of bilingual word embeddings, there is no work done so far, for directly evaluating them for Englishâ€“Tamil language pair. In this paper, we present a data resource and evaluation for the Englishâ€“Tamil bilingual word vector model. In this paper, we present dataset and the evaluation paradigm for Englishâ€“Tamil bilingual language pair. This dataset contains words that covers a range of concepts that occur in natural language. The dataset is scored based on the similarity rather than association or relatedness. Hence, the word pairs that are associated but not literally similar have a low rating. The measures are quantified further to ensure consistency in the dataset, mimicking the cognitive phenomena. Henceforth, the dataset can be used by non-native speakers, with minimal effort. We also present some inferences and insights into the semantics captured by word vectors and human cognition. Â© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Intrinsic evaluation for english�tamil bilingual word embeddings
(2020) Sanjanasri, J.P.; Menon, V.K.; Rajendran, S.; Soman, K.P.; Anand, Kumar, M.
Despite the growth of bilingual word embeddings, there is no work done so far, for directly evaluating them for English�Tamil language pair. In this paper, we present a data resource and evaluation for the English�Tamil bilingual word vector model. In this paper, we present dataset and the evaluation paradigm for English�Tamil bilingual language pair. This dataset contains words that covers a range of concepts that occur in natural language. The dataset is scored based on the similarity rather than association or relatedness. Hence, the word pairs that are associated but not literally similar have a low rating. The measures are quantified further to ensure consistency in the dataset, mimicking the cognitive phenomena. Henceforth, the dataset can be used by non-native speakers, with minimal effort. We also present some inferences and insights into the semantics captured by word vectors and human cognition. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Ontological Structure-Based Retrieval System for Tamil
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Rajendran, S.; Padannayil, K.P.; Anand Kumar, M.; Sankaralingam, C.
Ontological structure of Tamil (OST) is an outcome of an extensive research activity that went on in the field of lexical semantics of Tamil for the last three decades. Rajendran’s (Semantic structure of Tamil vocabulary. Report of the UGC sponsored postdoctoral work (in manuscript). Deccan College Post-Doctoral Research Institute, Pune, 1983) post-doctoral research work went through several stages before culminating into OST. It depicts the travel from Tamil thesaurus to Tamil WordNet and into OST. OST is a lexical resource which amalgamates all sorts of information available in a dictionary, thesaurus and WordNet. The Dravidian WordNets (in which Tamil WordNet is one of the four components) built under the Indo-WordNet project depended on an ontology developed by Western conceptualization of the world found in English. This has not taken into consideration the Indian conceptualization of the world depicted in the nikhandu tradition. There are many lexical gaps between English WordNet and Tamil WordNet. Moreover, building a WordNet based on Hindi WordNet which in turn is built on English WordNet will take many years to complete and it would miss the conceptualization depicted in Indian tradition. Apart from this, the extension approach of building Tamil WordNet using Hindi WordNet cannot fulfil Dravidian conceptualization. A merger approach of building separate WordNets and collapsing them into one would have been a preferable approach. The present OST tried to overcome the lacunae found in Tamil WordNet. OST is based on the Indian and Dravidian conceptualization and the process of building one is comparatively very simple. We have the plan to mend it into a generic one so that all the Dravidian languages can be easily accommodated into it. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Tamil NLP Technologies: Challenges, State ofÂ theÂ Art, Trends andÂ Future Scope
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Rajendran, S.; Anand Kumar, M.; Rajalakshmi, R.; Dhanalakshmi, V.; Balasubramanian, P.; Padannayil, K.P.
This paper aims to summarize the NLP-based technological development of the Tamil language. Tamil is one of the Dravidian languages that are serious about technological development. This phenomenon is reflected in its activities in developing language technology tools and the resources made for technological development. Tamil has successfully developed tools or systems for speech synthesis and recognition, grammatical analysis of grammar, semantics and social media text, along with machine translation. There are many types of research undertaken to orient towards this achievement. Similarly, many activities are developing resources to facilitate technological development. The activities include preparing text corpora for text including monolingual, parallel and lexical along with speech with lexical resources and grammar. What is needed now is to stock-take the achievement made so far and found out where Tamil is in the arena of technological development and looks forward further to its fast technological development. Computational linguistics in Tamil NLP is gaining more attraction, and various data sets available for research is highlighted in this work for further exploration. Â© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.