Browsing by Author "Praveen Kumar, P."

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Assessment of Efficiency and Effectiveness of Bus Transport Organizations Using DEA Incorporating Emissions and Accidents
(Institute for Transport Studies in the European Economic Integration, 2023) Praveen Kumar, P.; George, V.; Mulangi, R.H.
Environmental pollution due to vehicular emissions and accidents reflect upon the sustainability, and social responsibility of transport organizations. However, it is also necessary to attain higher levels of performance by ensuring higher transit ridership measured in terms of passengers carried per day. The present work is focused on the analysis of performance efficiency and service effectiveness of 25 selected State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) in India for the year 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2014-15. Here, it was proposed to use a hybrid output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach developed by Seiford and Zhu in 2002 to handle undesirable outputs such as annual Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) emitted per passenger-km, and total accidents per year in addition to overall productivity. The results of the analysis provided details on targets that could be achieved for the available input resources allocated. Transport organizations can adopt similar approaches in performance evaluation and benchmarking considering sustainability, and social responsibility along with efficiency. © 2023 Institute for Transport Studies in the European Economic Integration. All rights reserved.
Evaluating Public Transport Efficiency: A Cross-Regional SFA Approach
(Horizon Research Publishing, 2024) Praveen Kumar, P.; George, V.; Mulangi, R.H.; Khandri, A.S.
Bus-based public transport systems are considered to provide affordable means of transport to trip-makers in urban and rural areas. Consequently, public transport organizations are prone to losses since these agencies focus on providing mobility to people on commercially viable routes while providing accessibility and mobility to underdeveloped remote regions. The primary objective of this study was to effectively use a parametric approach, such as Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), in the evaluation of the performance of public transport organizations operating in India. The present study employed nine key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate 31 State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) in India over a period of seven years (2010-2017). The nine KPIs, such as total cost, staff, fleet, fuel, capacity-km, effective-km, passenger-km, revenue, and passengers carried, were used to develop three performance measurement categories: cost efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and service effectiveness. After developing 29 initial models, the best ones were selected based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and performance evaluation of SRTUs was carried out with the SFA approach using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The study revealed that the top 25 percentile of best-performing SRTUs in terms of cost-efficiency were those serving rural areas with average efficiency scores higher than 0.7668. Similarly, in terms of cost-effectiveness, it was observed that the best-performing SRTUs comprised a mix of both rural and urban SRTUs with average efficiency scores higher than 0.9156. Also, in terms of service-effectiveness, the best-performing SRTUs included buses operated mainly in urban areas in addition to a few serving hilly and rural areas with average efficiency scores higher than 0.6509. The findings of this study provide insights into the performance of SRTUs in India and highlight the importance of using KPIs to evaluate and improve their performance. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using the SFA in the performance evaluation of public transport organizations, especially when the data related to the KPIs are partially inconsistent. This is due to the facility that permits the formulation of a production function that assists in identifying random errors, allowing the replacement of erroneous data. © 2024 by authors, all rights reserved.
Fuzzy based MPPT PV fed Resonant Converter for Fast Charging
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Krishna Kumari, N.; Yaswanth, G.; Kapoor, R.; Updhyay, P.; Nagaswetha, B.; Praveen Kumar, P.
The increase in demand for Renewable Energy has spiked due to global warming, deterioration of air quality and the fall of Fossil fuels. This Energy is naturally replenished on human timescale, but they are subject to variations. Very little energy can be produced when it's overcast or there's no breeze. On the other hand, days with lots of sunshine or wind can produce more energy than is required. Therefore, strategies are essential to mitigate these fluctuations and ensure a consistent and reliable power source for the better usage of the free energy available in nature. In this work, it is proposed to develop a system which can harness the energy at maximum rate possible and level out these fluctuations at the output. One of the best solutions for this issue is stationary energy storage using long-duration battery systems. The Conventional SMPS based charging systems consume a lot of time to charge and have switching losses. The need for the Fast-Charging System, which is much more efficient, which also reduces the Charging time by a great extent helps in reaching the Demand for the Increase in Future. Â© 2024 IEEE.
Predictive Selective Repeat - an Optimized Selective Repeat for Noisy Channels
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Rati Preethi, S.; Praveen Kumar, P.; Anil, S.; Chandavarkar, B.R.
Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) is a technique used in two-way communication systems to make sure that the transmitted data is received properly without any errors. The underlying mechanism on which ARQ operates is the acknowledgment (ACK) sent by the receiver to the sender on the orderly arrival of data frames. Some protocols which have been employed include Stop and Wait ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and Selective Repeat ARQ. There have been many attempts to optimize these protocols to decrease the number of Round-Trips and increase the throughput. Predictive Selective Repeat (PSR) ARQ is the technique introduced in this paper to send multiple copies of frames without waiting for ACK. The main goal of PSR ARQ model is to optimally predict the number of required copies for a particular frame so as to reduce the number of Round-Trips by using a Time series Forecasting Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. Â© 2023 IEEE.