Browsing by Author "Prashanth, S."

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An iron(iii) oxide-anchored conductive polymer-graphene ternary nanocomposite decorated disposable paper electrode for non-enzymatic detection of serotonin
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Prashanth, S.; Aziz, R.A.; Raghu, S.V.; Shim, Y.-B.; Prasad, K.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is an important neurotransmitter that regulates many physiological processes. Both low and high concentrations of 5-HT in the body are associated with several neurological disorders. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop fast, accurate, reliable, and cost-effective disposable sensors for 5-HT detection. Herein, we report the sensing of 5-HT using a disposable paper-based electrode (PPE) modified with a ternary nanocomposite comprising poly(pyrrole) (P(py)), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and iron oxide (Fe2O3). The sensor material was well characterized in terms of its structural, morphological, and chemical attributes using electron microscopy, spectral techniques, and electrochemical studies to prove the robust formation of the electroactive ternary nanocomposite and its suitability for 5-HT detection. The developed sensor exhibited an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of 22 nM with a wide linear range of 0.01 to 500 ?M, which falls in the recommended clinically relevant range. The analytical recovery, spike sample analysis, and interference studies with ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and epinephrine (E) showed satisfactory results, wherein the sensor could detect simultaneously both 5-HT and dopamine (DA). The potential practical utility of the developed sensor was further assessed by quantifying the concentration of 5-HT in the brain samples of Drosophila melanogaster, a versatile genetic model organism employed for modeling different neural disorders in humans, and validated by gold-standard HPLC-UV experiments. The as-fabricated single-run disposable sensor with a ternary nanocomposite exhibits excellent stability with good reproducibility and is a promising platform for identifying clinically relevant concentrations of 5-HT. © 2024 RSC.
Conductive nano nickel oxide/hydroxide paper electrochemical sensor for serotonin detection in genetically engineered Drosophila
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Prashanth, S.; Kadandelu, M.; Raghu, S.V.; Prasad, K.S.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
Serotonin is considered an integral part in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Understanding the levels of serotonin under different disease conditions is important. Herein, we explored the development of an efficient electrochemical sensor utilizing sustainable paper electrode integrated with nanocomposites through a simultaneous electrochemical deposition strategy. The as-developed sensor is further investigated with surface and electrochemical studies to understand the robust fabrication of the sensor as well as the electrochemical characteristics to show the improved electron transfer kinetics and detection capabilities even in the presence of common interfering biomolecules. The sensor demonstrated a broad linear range from 0.007 nM to 500 ?M, with an impressive limit of detection of 0.024 nM for the low concentration range (0.007-0.48 nM) and 383.7 nM for the high concentration range both falling well within the clinically relevant detection levels of serotonin. To evaluate the practical performance, the developed sensor was tested on brain homogenates obtained from genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster models with different serotonin levels. The sensor effectively detected the in vivo changes in serotonin level, and the results were validated against gold-standard HPLC analysis and immunohistochemical staining experiments. The sensors’ notable stability, selectivity, and sensitivity towards serotonin make them a valuable tool for neurochemical research and clinical applications, particularly in studying serotonin-related neurological conditions and advancing personalized treatments. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Enhanced Cartilage Regeneration: Chemical, Mechanical, and In Vitro Analysis of Innovative TiO2-Reinforced PVA Implants
(American Chemical Society, 2025) Santosh Kumar, B.Y.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, G.C.; Prashanth, S.; Penupolu, A.
This study focuses on developing a synthetic, biocompatible graft for treating cartilage lesions. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) were incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel and processed using freeze-drying without chemical surfactants. Upon optimization of the composition, it was found that the incorporation of TNT altered the biomechanical properties without causing any adverse physiological effects. Annealing treatment further enhanced mechanical strength and energy dissipation, promoting elasticity. The hydrogel with 2 wt % TNT achieved maximum mechanical strength and the storage modulus values indicated elastic dominance, and biotribological tests showed cartilage-like frictional response via hydrodynamic lubrication. Against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, grafts showed significant antimicrobial activity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that these nanocomposite hydrogels supported adhesion, proliferation, and upregulation of cartilage-specific gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells hMSCs. This suggests potential for promoting hMSC chondrogenic differentiation and accelerating cartilage regeneration. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Laboratory investigation on horizontal and vertical plate breakwaters
(2010) Rao, S.; Shirlal, K.G.; Prashanth, S.; Varghese, R.V.
Submerged breakwaters are commonly used for coastal protection on many eroding coasts. Plates are proved to induce wave breaking and dissipate wave energy. These have the advantages of low interference with current and sediment transport while saving substantial quantity of material. They permit exchange of surface and subsurface water and living organisms and hence, suitable for ecologically sensitive region. This paper explains the physical model studies to evaluate the transmission coefficients of a rigid submerged horizontal and vertical plate. It is found that the horizontal plate with ds/Hi < 1.0 is effective to bring the values of Kt below 0.6 when d/L > 0.22. Vertical plate is effective for the entire range of d/L for ds/Hi = 0. 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Laboratory investigation on horizontal and vertical plate breakwaters
(2010) Rao, S.; Shirlal, K.G.; Prashanth, S.; Varghese, R.V.
Submerged breakwaters are commonly used for coastal protection on many eroding coasts. Plates are proved to induce wave breaking and dissipate wave energy. These have the advantages of low interference with current and sediment transport while saving substantial quantity of material. They permit exchange of surface and subsurface water and living organisms and hence, suitable for ecologically sensitive region. This paper explains the physical model studies to evaluate the transmission coefficients of a rigid submerged horizontal and vertical plate. It is found that the horizontal plate with ds/Hi < 1.0 is effective to bring the values of Kt below 0.6 when d/L > 0.22. Vertical plate is effective for the entire range of d/L for ds/Hi = 0. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.