Browsing by Author "Prasad, R."
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Item A new SIFT matching criteria in a genetic algorithm framework for registering multisensory satellite imagery(Association for Computing Machinery acmhelp@acm.org, 2014) Senthilnath, J.; Prasad, R.Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are efficient and reliable source of information in extraction of damaged regions in case of floods. In assessment of damage accurately due to floods, image registration of optical (before-flood) and SAR images (after-flood) has to be carried out efficiently. In this paper, we discuss a robust multi-sensor image registration algorithm using scale invariant feature points for keypoint extraction. For matching the keypoints, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is developed with angle, distance and vicinity criterion as the fitness functions. This optimization process helps in matching the scale invariant feature points. From the obtained results, the performance of the image registration is evaluated and it is concluded that the proposed approach is efficient. © 2014 ACM.Item Multi-sensor satellite remote sensing images for flood assessment using swarm intelligence(2015) Senthilnath, J.; Omkar, S.N.; Mani, V.; Prasad, R.; Rajendra, R.; Shreyas, P.B.This paper investigates a new approach for flood evaluation based on multi-sensor satellite images utilizing swarm intelligence techniques. The swarm intelligence techniques used are Genetic Algorithm (GA) for image registration and Niche Particle Swarm Optimization (NPSO) for image clustering. Analysis of satellite images are applied in two stages: Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-III) image acquired before-flood and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image acquired during-flood. In the first step, SAR image is aligned with LISS-III image using GA. The aligned SAR image (during-flood) is used to extract flooded and non-flooded regions where as LISS-III image (before-flood) is used to classify various land cover regions. For this image clustering is carried out where cluster centers are generated using the cluster splitting technique such as NPSO. The data points are grouped into their respective classes using the merging method. Further, the resultant images are overlaid to analyze the extent of the flood in individual land classes. The performance comparisons of these swarm intelligence techniques with conventional methods are presented. � 2015 IEEE.Item Multi-sensor satellite remote sensing images for flood assessment using swarm intelligence(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015) Senthilnath, J.; Omkar, S.N.; Mani, V.; Prasad, R.; Rajendra, R.; Shreyas, P.B.This paper investigates a new approach for flood evaluation based on multi-sensor satellite images utilizing swarm intelligence techniques. The swarm intelligence techniques used are Genetic Algorithm (GA) for image registration and Niche Particle Swarm Optimization (NPSO) for image clustering. Analysis of satellite images are applied in two stages: Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-III) image acquired before-flood and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image acquired during-flood. In the first step, SAR image is aligned with LISS-III image using GA. The aligned SAR image (during-flood) is used to extract flooded and non-flooded regions where as LISS-III image (before-flood) is used to classify various land cover regions. For this image clustering is carried out where cluster centers are generated using the cluster splitting technique such as NPSO. The data points are grouped into their respective classes using the merging method. Further, the resultant images are overlaid to analyze the extent of the flood in individual land classes. The performance comparisons of these swarm intelligence techniques with conventional methods are presented. © 2015 IEEE.Item Multi-wall carbon nanotube-NiO nanoparticle composite as enzyme-free electrochemical glucose sensor(Elsevier, 2015) Prasad, R.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.We report a simple, solvent-free method to decorate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs). The as prepared NiO-MWCNT composite were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The enzyme-free modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was fabricated using as-synthesised composite material and investigated for glucose sensing. The 10% NiO-MWCNTs composites sensor showed excellent electro-catalytic activity towards direct glucose oxidation. The sensitivity of this sensor is found to be 1696 ?A mM-1 cm-2 and 122.1 ?A mM-1 cm-2 and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 11.04 nM and 31 ?M for the linear response over glucose concentration ranging from 1-200 ?M to 0.5-9.0 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the 10% NiO-MWCNTs sensor also showed excellent anti-interference ability, high stability and good reproducibility. Hence, due to simple method of material preparation, easy sensor fabrication and excellent electro catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation, the 10% NiO-MWCNT/CPE is a potential material for the development of enzyme-free sensor for reliable glucose determination. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item A new SIFT matching criteria in a genetic algorithm framework for registering multisensory satellite imagery(2014) Senthilnath, J.; Prasad, R.Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are efficient and reliable source of information in extraction of damaged regions in case of floods. In assessment of damage accurately due to floods, image registration of optical (before-flood) and SAR images (after-flood) has to be carried out efficiently. In this paper, we discuss a robust multi-sensor image registration algorithm using scale invariant feature points for keypoint extraction. For matching the keypoints, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is developed with angle, distance and vicinity criterion as the fitness functions. This optimization process helps in matching the scale invariant feature points. From the obtained results, the performance of the image registration is evaluated and it is concluded that the proposed approach is efficient. Copyright 2014 ACM.Item Nickel-oxide multiwall carbon-nanotube/reduced graphene oxide a ternary composite for enzyme-free glucose sensing(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Prasad, R.; Ganesh, V.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.We report a solvent-free method of preparation for a NiO-carbon nanotube/graphene ternary composite using nickel formate as a green precursor via a thermal decomposition method. In this ternary composite, NiO with an average particle size of 7 nm is regularly decorated on the surfaces of conductive carbon matrix networks such as MWCNTs and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Here rGO serves as an ideal support for the uniform distribution of NiO nanoparticles and also functions as an efficient transducer material, whereas, MWCNTs act as a spacer between rGO, which enhances the electrical conductivity and accessibility of the active reaction sites for direct glucose oxidation. The electrochemical performances were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques. Under the optimal conditions, the 20 wt% NiO-MWCNT/rGO/GCE exhibits a sensitivity of 4223.3 ?A cm-2 mM-1 and a detection limit of 0.92 ?M over a linear glucose concentration range up to 19 mM. Furthermore, the constructed sensor is effectively employed to detect glucose in real human blood serum samples with adequate results. The modified 20 wt% NiO-MWCNT/rGO/GCE also shows a high sensitivity, greater selectivity, excellent reproducibility and long-term stability. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item [No abstract available](Systems analysis of tank irrigation: I. Crop staggering) Mayya, S.G.; Prasad, R.1991Item Plant root nodule like nickel-oxide-multi-walled carbon nanotube composites for non-enzymatic glucose sensors(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Prasad, R.; Gorjizadeh, N.; Rajarao, R.; Sahajwalla, V.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.Herein, in this work we synthesized plant root nodule like NiO-MWCNT nanocomposites by a simple, rapid and solvent-free method using nickel formate as a precursor. Using a first-principle simulation study the interactions and charge transfer behaviour of the NiO and MWCNT composite is investigated. The as-prepared NiO-MWCNT composite is employed to fabricate a modified non-enzymatic carbon paste electrode (CPE) for glucose sensing. From the electrochemical investigation, the fabricated sensor shows an excellent sensitivity of 6527 ?A mM-1 cm-2 with a detection limit of 19 ?M and a linear response over a range from 0.001 mM to 14 mM of glucose concentrations, at an applied potential of 0.5 V. Importantly the sensor also exhibits greater stability, selectivity and reproducibility. A first principle simulation study shows the differences in charge density and charge transfer behaviour from nanotubes to NiO nanoparticles, which in turn enhances the electro catalytic property of the NiO-MWCNT composite. Hence, these results indicate that the NiO-MWCNT composite is a potential material for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Predictions of two popular closed-form models for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) are compared with in situ measurements made in a sandy loam field soil. Whereas the Van Genuchten model estimates were very close to field measured values, the Brooks-Corey model predictions were higher by about one order of magnitude in the wetter range. Estimation of parameters of the Van Genuchten soil moisture characteristic (SMC) equation, however, involves the use of non-linear regression techniques. The Brooks-Corey SMC equation has the advantage of being amenable to application of linear regression techniques for estimation of its parameters from retention data. A conversion technique, whereby known Brooks-Corey model parameters may be converted into Van Genuchten model parameters, is formulated. The proposed conversion algorithm may be used to obtain the parameters of the preferred Van Genuchten model from in situ retention data, without the use of non-linear regression techniques.(Elsevier, Field evaluation of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity models and parameter estimation from retention data) Nandagiri, L.; Prasad, R.1996Item Psidium guajava leaf extract as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in phosphoric acid(Electrochemical Science Group mantonijevic@tf.bor.ac.yu, 2015) Noyel Victoria, S.; Prasad, R.; Ramachandran, R.The adsorption and corrosion inhibition property of the alcoholic Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract on mild steel in 1M phosphoric acid medium was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The studies showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration upto 800 ppm and decreases slightly at 1200 ppm. The adsorption obeys both the Langmuir and the Temkin adsorption isotherm equations. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The adsorption was found to follow a comprehensive type adsorption dominated by chemisorption. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the inhibitor acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. © 2015 The Authors.Item RGO supported Co-Ni bimetallic magnetically separable nanocatalysts for the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Prasad, R.; Lolakshi, M.K.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.The Cobalt-Nickel-reduced graphene oxide ternary composite was prepared using eco-friendly, solvent-free and low temperature CVD method where in metal formates were used as metal precursor. The structure, composition and morphology of synthesized samples were characterized by several related techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic efficiency towards reduction of an organic pollutant such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) was explored and the reaction parameters like temperature, weight ratio of the composite was optimised and rate constant of the reactions were measured. The results show 8% Co-Ni-rGO are having high catalytic efficiency and can complete the reduction reaction within 250 s at 45 °C. Furthermore, catalyst being magnetically separable shows high stability after ten successive reactions. Hence, the Co-Ni-rGO composite can be a potential promising material to catalyse the reduction of 4-NP. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Self-assembly synthesis of Co3O4/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: An efficient enzyme-free glucose sensor(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Prasad, R.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.Self-assembled cobalt oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites were synthesized by simple and effective wet chemical routes. Using these materials, a modified glassy carbon electrode was fabricated and investigated for enzyme-free glucose sensor applications. The fabricated sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 5089.1 ?A mM-1 cm-2 with a detection limit of 10.42 ?M over a glucose concentration ranging from 0.05 to 12 mM. The sensor also shows promising sensor features like stability, selectivity and fast detection. Moreover, the detection of glucose in human blood serum samples with the as-developed sensor agreed well with the results obtained from commercial glucose meters. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Item Study of 2D localization using SIMO antenna(2016) Laddha, P.; Prasad, R.; Shripathi, Acharya U.; Srihari, P.; Prasad, S.; Rao, P.H.A single input and multiple output (SIMO) antenna configuration is presented for real time data acquisition. The proposed approach can provide both range and angle information in a plane. A method of localization of multiple point objects (targets) in azimuthal plane is realized by employing one stationary transmitting antenna and dynamic receiving antennas positions. FMCW chirp signals are used as transmitting signals. A parametric analysis is carried out by varying the bandwidth of transmitted signal, number of samples and number of antennas on a linear array with equal inter-element spacing. Radial resolution of 0.4 feet and 0.23 feet is achieved for 2GHz and 6 GHz bandwidths respectively. The method is extended to identify multiple targets. � 2016 IEEE.Item Study of 2D localization using SIMO antenna(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Laddha, P.; Prasad, R.; Shripathi Acharya, U.S.; Srihari, P.; Prasad, S.; Rao, P.H.A single input and multiple output (SIMO) antenna configuration is presented for real time data acquisition. The proposed approach can provide both range and angle information in a plane. A method of localization of multiple point objects (targets) in azimuthal plane is realized by employing one stationary transmitting antenna and dynamic receiving antennas positions. FMCW chirp signals are used as transmitting signals. A parametric analysis is carried out by varying the bandwidth of transmitted signal, number of samples and number of antennas on a linear array with equal inter-element spacing. Radial resolution of 0.4 feet and 0.23 feet is achieved for 2GHz and 6 GHz bandwidths respectively. The method is extended to identify multiple targets. © 2016 IEEE.Item The Effect of Detonation Frequency on the Linear Reciprocating Wear Behavior of Detonation Sprayed Ni-20%Cr Coatings at Elevated Temperatures(Springer, 2025) Prasad, R.; Purushotham, N.; Preetham Kumar, G.V.; Babu, P.S.; Govindarajan, G.; Rajasekaran, B.The study explores the impact of detonation frequency (3 and 6 Hz) on the temperature-dependent linear reciprocating wear behavior of Ni-20%Cr coatings deposited by detonation spraying on a nickel-based superalloy (IN718). Dry sliding experiments were carried out at both ambient (25 °C) and high (420 °C) temperatures, using an alumina (Al2O3) ball as the counter material and different loads (5, 10, and 20 N). HV0.2 microhardness indentations were used to test material hardness variations attributed to heat exposure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM with EDS) were used to investigate the wear characteristics and mechanisms. Furthermore, surface roughness and profiles of worn surfaces (including track depth, breadth, and wear volume) enabled the calculation of wear rates using confocal optical 3D profilometry. The results showed the 6 Hz Ni-20%Cr coating showed better wear resistance than the 3 Hz coating. However, a higher wear rate and low friction coefficient at 420 °C were observed due to partial oxide particles, which were insufficient to restrict direct ball-to-metal contact. The research delves into wear maps, tribolayer formation, wear mechanisms, and sub-mechanisms. © ASM International 2024.Item The soil moisture characteristic (SMC) forms an important input to mathematical models of water and solute transport in the unsaturated-soil zone. Owing to their simplicity and ease of use, texture-based regression models are commonly used to estimate the SMC from basic soil properties. In this study, the performances of six such regression models were evaluated on three soils. Moisture characteristics generated by the regression models were statistically compared with the characteristics developed independently from laboratory and in-situ retention data of the soil profiles. Results of the statistical performance evaluation, while providing useful information on the errors involved in estimating the SMC, also highlighted the importance of the nature of the data set underlying the regression models. Among the models evaluated, the one possessing an underlying data set of in-situ measurements was found to be the best estimator of the in-situ SMC for all the soils. Considerable errors arose when a textural model based on laboratory data was used to estimate the field retention characteristics of unsaturated soils.(ASCE - American Society of Civil Engineers, Relative performances of textural models in estimating soil moisture characteristic) Nandagiri, L.; Prasad, R.1997