Browsing by Author "Patil, A."

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An index coded approach for reducing number of broadcasts in vehicular networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Patil, A.; Shekar, N.; Shet, N.S.V.
Vehicular network standard demands a short range reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication with high mobility, also increasing amount of downloaded data in short encounters. Satisfying demands of clients with minimum number of transmissions using index coding has proven notable significance in wireless ad-hoc networks. The proper encoding at the server with side information leads to simultaneous satisfaction of clients with reduced amount of broadcasts. MERLIN (Maximum Expected download over Random LINks) is one of the fundamental protocols developed for optimizing downloads in vehicular networks over random encounter durations [1]. In this paper, we present I-MERLIN (Index coding based MERLIN) protocol and analyze its performance over MERLIN. We show that same amount of data can be downloaded from server in reduced number of transmissions, for single server multiple clients scenario. We also show that, I-MERLIN works well to satisfy multiple clients in minimum number of requests, which can be applicable for real road scenarios. Â© 2017 IEEE.
Attentiveness monitoring and user record maintenance in virtual classrooms
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Patil, A.; Singh, A.; Chauhan, N.
Virtual classrooms rely on video conferencing tools like Google Meet, Microsoft Teams or Zoom, to carry out lecture sessions. Although previously it was an additional tool, the pandemic scenario made it the primary mode of taking classes. It is observed that lecturers find it hard to monitor and look after every student in such a scenario due to divided webcam feeds, simultaneous presentation and replying on chats. An automated monitoring system can aid in such a scenario where the user's local system can be used for localized calculation of attentiveness using face and eye detection. A simulated back-end architecture is developed to propose a proof-of-concept for the same using a path compressed master-Trie structure. Â© 2021 IEEE.
Challenges for Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
(2018) Patil, A.; Shet, N.S.V.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking (VANET) is an emerging technology defined with main motive of avoiding on road accidents and provide safety and life critical applications to users in a well-organized manner. We present current challenges in designing VANET protocols through extensive survey from the perspective of decentralized congestion control (DCC) strategies. The challenges in routing and security applications are also outlined briefly. Internet of things (IoT) will be the future networking system in which all things will be connected to interact. In the near future, VANETs will be the main part of IoT networks because of its safety and infotainment applications. A lot of work is done in this area, still, the industry thrusts for more efficient and robust design. This paper highlights various research challenges, which will help other researchers who wish to work in this area. � 2018 IEEE.
Challenges for Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Patil, A.; Shet, N.S.V.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking (VANET) is an emerging technology defined with main motive of avoiding on road accidents and provide safety and life critical applications to users in a well-organized manner. We present current challenges in designing VANET protocols through extensive survey from the perspective of decentralized congestion control (DCC) strategies. The challenges in routing and security applications are also outlined briefly. Internet of things (IoT) will be the future networking system in which all things will be connected to interact. In the near future, VANETs will be the main part of IoT networks because of its safety and infotainment applications. A lot of work is done in this area, still, the industry thrusts for more efficient and robust design. This paper highlights various research challenges, which will help other researchers who wish to work in this area. Â© 2018 IEEE.
Clustering and cooperative data transfer in VANETs using index coding
(2018) Patil, A.; Shet, N.S.V.
Along with the prime aim of providing on-road safety, vehicular ad hoc networks have enabled the infotainment applications due to increasing demands from various travellers. The high mobility of nodes demands fast and efficient broadcasting of data. In this paper, we use index coding with clustering and cooperative downloading to satisfy various demands of travelling vehicles in reduced number of transmissions. The proposed index coding based protocol achieves better download throughput through V2V data exchange between clusters. Simulation results show that the proposed design achieves higher throughput than previously defined IEEE 1609.4 and Vehicular Enhanced Multichannel MAC (VEMMAC) protocols by reducing the total number of transmissions at the server. Copyright � 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Clustering and cooperative data transfer in VANETs using index coding
(Inderscience Publishers, 2018) Patil, A.; Shet, N.S.V.
Along with the prime aim of providing on-road safety, vehicular ad hoc networks have enabled the infotainment applications due to increasing demands from various travellers. The high mobility of nodes demands fast and efficient broadcasting of data. In this paper, we use index coding with clustering and cooperative downloading to satisfy various demands of travelling vehicles in reduced number of transmissions. The proposed index coding based protocol achieves better download throughput through V2V data exchange between clusters. Simulation results show that the proposed design achieves higher throughput than previously defined IEEE 1609.4 and Vehicular Enhanced Multichannel MAC (VEMMAC) protocols by reducing the total number of transmissions at the server. Â© Â© 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Comparative analysis of biopolymer films derived from corn and potato starch with insights into morphological, structural and thermal properties
(Springer Nature, 2024) Pooja, N.; Banik, S.; Chakraborty, I.; Sudeeksha, H.C.; Mal, S.S.; Srisungsitthisunti, P.; Patil, A.; Mahato, K.K.; Mazumder, N.
Starch biopolymer films were prepared using the solvent casting method involving acetic acid hydrolysis and glycerol plasticization. This process facilitated a more uniform distribution of plasticizers within the starch matrix, enhancing the films' flexibility. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ester linkages and structural changes in the biopolymer films, attributed to glycerol integration. The optimal formulation comprised 6% starch, 6.8% acetic acid, and 6.8% glycerol. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a reduction in crystallinity of the starch during film formation, enhancing flexibility. Second harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy indicated that potato starch films had higher crystallinity compared to corn starch films. Thermal analysis via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that potato starch films exhibited lower gelatinization temperatures and higher thermal stability compared to corn starch films. Functional characterization demonstrated that higher starch content decreased water solubility and water vapor transmission rate, while increasing starch content improved the film's structural integrity. The films were hydrophilic, with static water contact angles indicating moderate wettability. Degradation studies showed that the films were stable in neutral and basic conditions but degraded under acidic conditions over time. The results suggest that potato starch films, with optimized glycerol and acetic acid content, offer improved flexibility, thermal stability, and structural integrity compared to corn starch films. Their performance in various conditions highlights their potential for specific applications, particularly where moisture and environmental stability are critical. © The Author(s) 2024.
Congestion control mechanisms in vehicular networks: A perspective on Internet of vehicles (IoV)
(Elsevier, 2022) Patil, A.; Muthuchidambaranathan, P.; Shet, N.S.V.
Developing congestion control in highly mobile vehicular networks is a challenging task. The network of vehicles or heavy vehicles uses different data for communication depending on the required application. These networks are one of the main components of the Internet of Things (IoT), and the aim is to connect every vehicle to every other vehicle for the purpose of improving the user’s quality of life. To provide better network accessibility, channel utilization, and speedy delivery of the information over these networks, congestion control plays a significant role. In this chapter, we present various congestion control mechanisms for vehicular networks by considering different applications in these networks. The decentralized and centralized mechanisms are presented and their use in different types of vehicular networks is also suggested. In the end, we have listed some challenges to help researchers to expand their research in this area. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Effect of ECAP on sliding wear behaviour of Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr alloy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Patil, A.; Bontha, S.; Ramesh, M.R.
Magnesium is a lightweight, recyclable, and biocompatible material. However, the extensive commercial use of Magnesium and its alloys is hindered by their poor wear behaviour and mechanical properties. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is a severe plastic deformation technique which improves the material properties through grain refinement. In the present study, wear behaviour of ECAP processed Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr alloy was investigated. ECAP process was carried out up to 3 passes at a temperature of 380 Â°C. Wear testing of as-cast and ECAP processed alloy were carried out using dry sliding wear method on a pin on disk tribometer by varying loads. The wear mechanism was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Average Coefficient of Friction (COF) increased after each pass of ECAP. Wear rate increased with the applied load. Despite severe plastic deformation, wear resistance of ECAP processed samples was found to be lower than that of as-cast samples at higher loads. Abrasive and oxidation wear mechanisms were found in both as-cast and ECAP processed samples. Â© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hardware based Analysis of Deep Neural Networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Karia, A.; Patil, A.; Apoorva, M.K.; Varsha, P.; Pillay, S.; Mohan, B.R.
The advent of the Machine Learning (ML) era is now evident and its inculcation into early education requires students to have feasible options to work with the field. The proposed comparative analysis tests different frameworks namely sci-kit with Keras, Tensor-flow and PyTorch on various available processors and discussed further using a range of standard metrics to evaluate the model and well as the underlying hardware that they will run upon. Based on the study, the most viable combination of framework and hardware for educational purpose shall be found out. Â© 2023 IEEE.
Improving Download Throughput by Saving the Transmission Bandwidth in Vehicular Networks
(Springer Verlag, 2019) Patil, A.; Shet, N.S.V.
Internet of vehicles focuses on globalization of vehicular networks by providing better communication means between vehicles and other infrastructures also between vehicles and human. The efficient data transfer between moving vehicles as well as between vehicles and roadside units is one of the current demands of vehicular network standards. Index coding has proven its significance in reducing number of transmissions in wireless networks. In this paper, we focus on satisfying demands of multiple clients with reduced number of transmissions at server. The proposed contention-based protocol uses index coding to reduce transmissions. Multiple files can be transmitted in a single file using index coding, which eventually reduce transmissions and also save transmission bandwidth. The effect of vehicle speed and available number of clients on the system throughput is presented in this paper. Simulation results show that our proposed design achieves higher throughput than IEEE 1609.4 and VEMMAC, and it also saves the transmission bandwidth at server, since multiple files are transmitted in a single transmission. © 2019, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
An index coded approach for reducing number of broadcasts in vehicular networks
(2017) Patil, A.; Shekar, N.; Shet, V.
Vehicular network standard demands a short range reliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication with high mobility, also increasing amount of downloaded data in short encounters. Satisfying demands of clients with minimum number of transmissions using index coding has proven notable significance in wireless ad-hoc networks. The proper encoding at the server with side information leads to simultaneous satisfaction of clients with reduced amount of broadcasts. MERLIN (Maximum Expected download over Random LINks) is one of the fundamental protocols developed for optimizing downloads in vehicular networks over random encounter durations [1]. In this paper, we present I-MERLIN (Index coding based MERLIN) protocol and analyze its performance over MERLIN. We show that same amount of data can be downloaded from server in reduced number of transmissions, for single server multiple clients scenario. We also show that, I-MERLIN works well to satisfy multiple clients in minimum number of requests, which can be applicable for real road scenarios. � 2017 IEEE.
Internet-of-things and mobile application based hybrid model for controlling energy system
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Patil, M.A.; Parane, K.; Poojara, S.; Patil, A.
The Internet-of-Things (IoT) aims to combines physical objects in the world under a common infrastructure, it gives not only control of things, but also notify the state of the things. The automation for power saving based on the IoT has great business potential. The serious concern about the wastage of energy and this paper proposes an innovative hybrid method for automation system to reduce the wastage of power. The proposed hybrid method allows users to control and operate the electrical appliances manually or automatically. In automatic mode appliances are controlled through passive infrared (PIR) sensors and in manual mode appliances are controlled using android application. The developed system is deployed and tested in Laboratory, where it is used to control the electrical appliances such as, fans and tube lights. The usage of electricity is monitored and it is observed that the system reduced electrical bill of the laboratory by 24%. Finally, we have made a comparative analysis against existing system and it shows that the proposed hybrid system is better as compared to the existing systems. © 2021, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management.
Investigating the "wisdom of crowds" at scale
(2015) Mysore, A.S.; Yaligar, V.S.; Ibarra, I.A.; Simoiu, C.; Goel, S.; Arvind, R.; Sumanth, C.; Srikantan, A.; Bhargav, H.S.; Pahadia, M.; Dobhal, T.; Ahmed, A.; Shankar, M.; Agarwal, H.; Agarwal, R.; Anirudh-Kondaveeti, S.; Arun-Gokhale, S.; Attri, A.; Chandra, A.; Chilukuri, Y.; Dharmaji, S.; Garg, D.; Gupta, N.; Gupta, P.; Jacob, G.M.; Jain, S.; Joshi, S.; Khajuria, T.; Khillan, S.; Konam, S.; Kumar-Kolla, P.; Loomba, S.; Madan, R.; Maharaja, A.; Mathur, V.; Munshi, B.; Nawazish, M.; Neehar-Kurukunda, V.; Nirmal-Gavarraju, V.; Parashar, S.; Parikh, H.; Paritala, A.; Patil, A.; Phatak, R.; Pradhan, M.; Ravichander, A.; Sangeeth, K.; Sankaranarayanan, S.; Sehgal, V.; Sheshan, A.; Shibiraj, S.; Singh, A.; Singh, A.; Sinha, P.; Soni, P.; Thomas, B.; Tuteja, L.; Varma-Dattada, K.; Venkataraman, S.; Verma, P.; Yelurwar, I.
In a variety of problem domains, it has been observed that the aggregate opinions of groups are often more accurate than those of the constituent individuals, a phenomenon that has been termed the "wisdom of the crowd." Yet, perhaps surprisingly, there is still little consensus on how generally the phenomenon holds, how best to aggregate crowd judgements, and how social influence affects estimates. We investigate these questions by taking a meta wisdom of crowds approach. With a distributed team of over 100 student researchers across 17 institutions in the United States and India, we develop a large-scale online experiment to systematically study the wisdom of crowds effect for 1,000 different tasks in 50 subject domains. These tasks involve various types of knowledge (e.g., explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, and prediction), question formats (e.g., multiple choice and point estimation), and inputs (e.g., text, audio, and video). To examine the effect of social influence, participants are randomly assigned to one of three different experiment conditions in which they see varying degrees of information on the responses of others. In this ongoing project, we are now preparing to recruit participants via Amazon's Mechanical Turk.
Investigating the "wisdom of crowds" at scale
(Association for Computing Machinery, Inc acmhelp@acm.org, 2015) Mysore, A.S.; Yaligar, V.S.; Ibarra, I.A.; Simoiu, C.; Goel, S.; Arvind, R.; Sumanth, C.; Srikantan, A.; Bhargav, H.S.; Pahadia, M.; Dobhal, T.; Ahmed, A.; Shankar, M.; Agarwal, H.; Agarwal, R.; Anirudh-Kondaveeti, S.; Arun-Gokhale, S.; Attri, A.; Chandra, A.; Chilukuri, Y.; Dharmaji, S.; Garg, D.; Gupta, N.; Gupta, P.; Jacob, G.M.; Jain, S.; Joshi, S.; Khajuria, T.; Khillan, S.; Konam, S.; Kumar-Kolla, P.; Loomba, S.; Madan, R.; Maharaja, A.; Mathur, V.; Munshi, B.; Nawazish, M.; Neehar-Kurukunda, V.; Nirmal-Gavarraju, V.; Parashar, S.; Parikh, H.; Paritala, A.; Patil, A.; Phatak, R.; Pradhan, M.; Ravichander, A.; Sangeeth, K.; Sankaranarayanan, S.; Sehgal, V.; Sheshan, A.; Shibiraj, S.; Singh, A.; Singh, A.; Sinha, P.; Soni, P.; Thomas, B.; Tuteja, L.; Varma-Dattada, K.; Venkataraman, S.; Verma, P.; Yelurwar, I.
In a variety of problem domains, it has been observed that the aggregate opinions of groups are often more accurate than those of the constituent individuals, a phenomenon that has been termed the "wisdom of the crowd." Yet, perhaps surprisingly, there is still little consensus on how generally the phenomenon holds, how best to aggregate crowd judgements, and how social influence affects estimates. We investigate these questions by taking a meta wisdom of crowds approach. With a distributed team of over 100 student researchers across 17 institutions in the United States and India, we develop a large-scale online experiment to systematically study the wisdom of crowds effect for 1,000 different tasks in 50 subject domains. These tasks involve various types of knowledge (e.g., explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, and prediction), question formats (e.g., multiple choice and point estimation), and inputs (e.g., text, audio, and video). To examine the effect of social influence, participants are randomly assigned to one of three different experiment conditions in which they see varying degrees of information on the responses of others. In this ongoing project, we are now preparing to recruit participants via Amazon's Mechanical Turk.
Microstructural Evolution of Mg-Zn-Gd Alloy Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing to Enhance Mechanical and Corrosion Properties
(Springer, 2025) Rokkala, U.; Patil, A.; Bontha, S.; Ramesh, M.R.; Balla, V.K.; Srinivasan, A.
Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was used on the Mg-Zn-Gd alloy in this study to improve its corrosion and mechanical properties. Microstructural and phase analysis reveal that, after ECAP, a substantial grain refinement occurred, and secondary phases were observed. The grain size of the as-cast (AC) sample is reduced from 20 ± 1 to 0.88 ± 0.6 µm, attributed to dynamic recrystallization. The mechanical properties of the ECAP sample were significantly improved when compared to the AC sample. An improvement in the microhardness (43%), ultimate tensile strength (73%), yield strength (76%), and ductility (50%) were observed for the ECAP sample. A decrease in the corrosion rate was observed for ECAP sample (9 ± 1 mm/year) compared to the AC (16 ± 2 mm/year) sample. The grain refinement and crystallographic orientation of the ECAP samples contributed to the enhancement of corrosion resistance. © ASM International 2025.
Multi-device Login Monitoring for Google Meet Using Path Compressed Double-Trie and User Location
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Patil, A.; Singh, A.; Chauhan, N.
Google Meet, much like other online video-conferencing platforms, has seen a surge in popularity for its reliability and convenience, which also makes it necessary to be analysed for vulnerabilities owing to its large user-base. This paper focuses on an observational study on Google Meet to find certain shortcomings, specifically the freedom users have to login through multiple devices and how it can aid attackers in certain scenarios. A simulated back-end architecture is developed to propose a proof of concept on tackling the explored issues using a path compressed double-trie structure and the location of user from his public IP address. Â© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Multistate Active Combined Power and Message/Data Rate Adaptive Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2022) Deeksha, M.; Patil, A.; Kulkarni, M.; Shet, N.V.S.; Muthuchidambaranathan, P.
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have emerged in time to reduce on-road fatalities and provide efficient information exchange for entertainment-related applications to users in a well-organized manner. VANETs are the most instrumental elements in the Internet of Things (IoT). The objective lies in connecting every vehicle to every other vehicle to improve the user's quality of life. This aim of continuous connectivity and information exchange leads to the generation of more information in the medium, which could congest the medium to a larger extent. Decentralized congestion control (DCC) techniques are specified to reduce medium congestion and provide various safety applications. This article presents two DCC mechanisms that adapt message rate and data rate combined with transmit power control mechanism. These mechanisms are developed under multi-state active design proposed by the standard. The proposed methods deliver better performance over other mechanisms in terms of power, channel load, and channel utilization using real-time-based scenarios by simulation in SUMO. Â© 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
Transmit Data Rate Control Based Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanism for VANETs
(2019) Patil, A.; Deeksha, M.; Shekar, N.; Shet, V.; Kulkarni, M.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking (VANET)technology is becoming prominent in this era. It is defined to improve on-road conditions and provide safety and different entertainment applications to end users in orderly and efficient manner. The idea of making everything connected in Internet of things (IoT)has evolved as a promising networking system and VANETs are one of the components of it. In this paper, we present a multistate active transmit data rate control based decentralized congestion control mechanism. The real world scenario generated from SUMO is considered for simulation. Simulation results show that, data rate control mechanism performs better over transmit power control and without adaptation mechanisms. � 2019 IEEE.
Transmit Data Rate Control Based Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanism for VANETs
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Patil, A.; Deeksha, M.; Shekar, N.; Shet, N.S.V.; Kulkarni, M.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking (VANET)technology is becoming prominent in this era. It is defined to improve on-road conditions and provide safety and different entertainment applications to end users in orderly and efficient manner. The idea of making everything connected in Internet of things (IoT)has evolved as a promising networking system and VANETs are one of the components of it. In this paper, we present a multistate active transmit data rate control based decentralized congestion control mechanism. The real world scenario generated from SUMO is considered for simulation. Simulation results show that, data rate control mechanism performs better over transmit power control and without adaptation mechanisms. Â© 2019 IEEE.