Browsing by Author "Pallavi, K.C."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

A Review of Diverse Membrane Materials for Haemodialysis
(CRC Press, 2023) Pallavi, K.C.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, S.M.; Mohammad, A.W.
The kidney is a principal organ of the body which clarifies the uremic toxins and other metabolites from the blood. It can start malfunctioning due to various health conditions, in which case the process of extracorporeal blood purification - the haemodialysis - comes into focus. An efficient membrane is the heart of any dialysis technique. Selection of a proper dialysis membrane relies mainly on the material biocompatibility, toxin rejection, and antifouling profile. Many bio-derived polymers such as chitosan, cellulose acetate, and polylactic acid have been found to be attractive in terms of outstanding cytocompatibility. The existing low-range mechanical robustness of bio-derived polymeric substrates can be facilitated by the immobilization of membrane through use of nanoparticles. Polyetherimide, polyether sulfone, poly(vinylidene fluoride), and polysulfone which belong to the synthetic polymers are also utilized as dialysis membrane materials. Modifiers or nanostructured particles such as bioactive glass, anticoagulant-natured heparin, some copolymers, graphene oxide, and many more are incorporated into a membrane for its integration in terms of cytocompatibility, hydrophilicity, selective rejection, good permeation. and antifouling characteristics. The membrane-blood compatibility is assessed with respect to the lowered adhesion of platelets and proteins, long durable plasma recalcification time, reduced thrombus formation, and haemolysis proportion. A wide variety of polymer recipes have been developed for the fabrication of haemodialysis membranes. This chapter traces the various distinctive attempts made by researchers that have been appreciable in developing a potent haemodialysis membrane set-up. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Anil Kumar Pabby; S. Ranil Wickramasinghe; and Ana- Maria Sastre; individual chapters, the contributors.
A Review on Emergence of a Nature-Inspired Polymer- Polydopamine in Biomedicine
(wiley, 2023) Rao, L.N.; Isloor, A.M.; Shetty, A.; Pallavi, K.C.
Biological structures have evolved throughout the millennia. Nature has been proactive with continual improvement to fine-tune the material properties resulting in optimization of the structure-function relationship. In keeping with this trend, mussels’ capacity to stick to varied moist surfaces with sufficient strength to endure powerful ocean currents has aroused curiosity and research into the role of polydopamine (PDA). It is a flexible and organic substance that exhibits individual mechanical characteristics and excellent fixation to different substrate stuff in a humidified environment. It is shown to be structurally inert and has been proved to be harmless to living systems. This makes it ideal to be used as a coating material. It has spurred the usage of the substance as molecular glue due to its perfect adherence as seen in mussels. Conformal polydopamine coatings offer sole physical and chemical properties to various substrate stuff, such as polymers, metallic things, ceramics, and many more. This has been found to help accentuate the existing properties of the coated material. PDA is a highly malleable material that may be used as a nanocomposite, a nanoparticle, and as a coating for existing materials. The additional PDA properties in biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-microbial activity, bone regeneration, and versatility make it a promising material that can be mapped into various fields of biomedicine. In this review, we focus upon key structural aspects and related properties of PDA and how they could potentially hold as a tool for multitude biomedical and dental applications. This article will go over some recent research on polydopamine advancements in the biomedical domain. The mechanism of polymerization is first discussed followed by the various forms of polydopamine nanostructures, as well as their latest uses in biological disciplines, particularly in drug administration. The review finally is concluded by a summary of the findings. © 2023 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymeric Materials for Dentistry Applications
(wiley, 2022) Pallavi, K.C.; Isloor, A.M.; Rao, L.N.
The ongoing review assembles particulars regarding the diverse biodegradable polymeric materials, also which are specified by sole criteria of biocompatibility that are utilized for diagnosis and treatment needed in dentistry. Natural polymeric substrates are conjunct with various other bioactive molecules or polymers, which strikes off limitations of the former yielding an emerging composite modeled to attain the form of encapsulated microspheres, hydrogels, membranes, nanofibers, and scaffolds. The sustainability of particular polymeric material in the biomedical stream such as dentistry is decided by evaluating aspects, such as the extent of immunogenicity on employing, degradability time versus functionality time, noncytotoxicity, and performance on respective treatment. Enormous materials have been modeled, which have proven their viability in treating dental conditions, like chronic periodontitis, microbial attacks like bacterial and fungal infections, and bone deterioration, also in the controlled discharge of oral drugs. © 2022 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
Biopolymeric Nanofibrous Materials for Environmental Remediation
(wiley, 2022) Pallavi, K.C.; Isloor, A.M.
The present content gathers information regarding the use of nanofibrous materials fabricated out of biopolymers in environmental problems. Biopolymers are environment-friendly and nonhazardous in character. Various conventional methods have been employed so far to solve problems, such as water pollution, air contamination, and soil infertility. Membranes of different types, filtration systems, and various sorbents have been found useful in the removal of contaminants. Apart from all those, nanofibrous materials attain great importance due to their noncomparable high surface area, minute pore size, diameter in the nanorange, and good adsorptive property. Nanofibers can be fabricated out of diverse polymers through various techniques, such as electrospinning. The surface modifications, such as chemical grafting and oxygen plasma treatment induced functional group insertion, can be done, which imparts high potential in respective applications. The present review chapter describes about nanofiber fabrication technique, properties of the resultant nanofiber mat, and their importance in environmental remediation, such as removal of airborne and waterborne contaminants. © 2022 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
New inorganic membranes for gas separations which are stated above the Robeson’s trade-off upper bound
(Elsevier, 2023) Pallavi, K.C.; Isloor, A.M.; Mohammad, A.W.
Gas isolation and separation methods are very precious among the operations in the industry related to oil and gas. Conventional methods involve huge extent of energy and less performance. Inorganic membranes possess excellent chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability compared to any other conventional counterparts. Very fast and attractive progresses have been found regarding inorganic membrane material modeling and development, fabrication method, control over microstructure, and optimization. Various zeolite, silica, and carbon-derived membranes are found effective in gas separations such as natural gas isolation, helium extraction, carbon dioxide capture, hydrocarbon separations, and many more. Because of the good stability, high separation performance, nonvolatility, and designable properties of the inorganic membranes, they have been rendered as novel potential candidates and alternative media for gas separation. This content enables to find out the new developments happened in the domain of inorganic membranes utilized in gas separation which stay above the Robeson’s boundary. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.