Browsing by Author "Palanisamy, T."

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A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Joint Shear Capacity in Beam-Column Connections
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Sidvilasini, S.; Palanisamy, T.
Accurately predicting the shear strength of beam-column connections is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and stability of buildings, especially in seismic conditions. This study aims to address this challenge by developing and evaluating multiple machine learning regression models for estimating joint shear capacity. A dataset consisting of 445 beam-column connections with 17 key influencing variables was compiled and used to train seven distinct regression models. Among them, the four best-performing models—Quadratic Support Vector Machine (QSVM), Rational Quadratic Gaussian Process Regression (RQGPR), Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR), and Ensemble Boosting (EB)—were selected based on their predictive accuracy. To further enhance performance, these models were combined into a hybrid ensemble model, capitalizing on their complementary strengths to improve shear strength estimation. The hybrid model exhibited superior predictive performance, achieving a test RMSE of 0.0246 and an R2 value of 0.9605, significantly surpassing the accuracy of the best standalone model (RQGPR). This reinforces the advantage of ensemble learning in minimizing error and enhancing generalization. The findings of this research highlight the growing role of machine learning in structural engineering, particularly in advancing shear strength prediction methodologies. By demonstrating that a hybrid model can outperform traditional single-model approaches, this study provides valuable insights for developing safer, more resilient structures and optimizing modern engineering practices with artificial intelligence. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2025.
A Method for Preparing Microbial Healing Composition
(Indian Patent Office, Chennai, 2024-12-13) Palanisamy, T.; P P, Anoop; National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal
A sustainable approach to power cathodic prevention system: cement-based electrolytes with conductive and mineral additives for battery applications
(Springer Nature, 2025) Sundaramoorthi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
Cement-based battery system is an area of development that focuses on multi-functional building material, where the cement and its ionic conductivity are explored for potential application in devising energy storage devices. This could be a revolutionary concept whereby the buildings could harness/store their own energy, thus contributing to a sustainable construction option. Certain low-power operations like corrosion prevention, powering LEDs and sensors associated with structural health monitoring systems are some of the application fronts for these battery systems. This paper presents an investigation into a cement-based electrolyte matrix incorporating ionic and electronic conductive particles as additives, along with various supplementary cementitious materials. The performance of the developed battery systems is assessed based on the evolution of open circuit voltage (OCV), constant current discharge behaviour, lifespan, and capacity. Silica fume, the finest of the binder portion in the study at 5%, along with epsom salt at 12% as a conductive additive in the electrolyte mix improved the performance of the cement-based battery system exhibiting an OCV of 1.41 V, an operating voltage of 1.02 V, initial power density of 48 µW/cm2, discharge life of 322 s and a capacity of 0.067mAh. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Systems and Ensemble Methods in Joint Shear Prediction and Sensitivity Analysis
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Palkar, S.S.; Palanisamy, T.
In the absence of ductile design, beam-column joints form weak links in the frame during seismic activities, hence jeopardizing the entire structure. Deducing from the views of researchers, estimation of joint shear strength of RC beam-column joint is a necessity with a complexity. This complexity highlights the importance of machine learning models due to their data handling and predictive capabilities. This study used 233 beam-column joints with 132 exterior and 101 interior joints for training and testing the ensemble machine-learning models and an Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. The performance indices of the models built and their comparison is carried out to find the optimum model to be deployed. The sensitivity analysis of the features considered was conducted to infer the differences in exterior and interior beam-column jointsâ€™ behavior. Â© 2023, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. All rights reserved.
Advancing Carbon Neutrality: Formulation and Microstructural Analysis of Iron Carbonate Binder with Normal and Saline Water
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) M, M.; Jagati, D.P.; Palanisamy, T.
The Iron carbonate binder emerges as a promising eco-friendly alternative to traditional cement, addressing the substantial carbon footprint of concrete production. Composed of iron dust, a byproduct of the iron industry, alongside limestone, fly ash, and metakaolin, this innovative binder not only utilizes diverse waste materials but also boasts a carbon-negative profile. This experiment investigates the impact of optimizing oxalic acid dosage, curing regimes, and water types on mechanical properties, notably compressive strength, and microstructural characterization. Saline water-treated iron carbonate binder exhibits superior performance, achieving a maximum compressive strength at 0.18 water binder ratio compared to normal water treatment. By minimizing environmental impact and efficiently repurposing industrial waste, the Iron carbonate binder aligns with the imperative to reshape construction practices towards a more sustainable future, embodying a pivotal step in fostering eco-friendly and efficient construction industries globally. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
An experimental investigation on mitigating cracks and augmenting the endurance of concrete structures in marine environment by bio-mortar immobilised with halophilic bacteria
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Baby, B.; Palanisamy, T.
In coastal areas, built structures encounter hostile conditions and forces that can cause them to deteriorate over time owing to saltwater exposure, tidal forces, reinforcement corrosion, and freeze–thaw cycles. Early age cracks in such structures accelerate the rate of deterioration, and the current research focuses on alleviating such threats. This paper evaluates the performance of a self-healing mortar made by encapsulating expanded perlite with the bacterium Halobacillus Halophilus MCC2188. Mortar cube specimens of size 70.6 mm × 70.6 mm× 70.6 mm were prepared with cement: fine aggregate in 1:3 ratios. A 10% volume of the fine aggregate fraction was substituted with the expanded perlite immobilised with bacterial spores and nutrients. The expanded perlite aggregates were coated with sodium silicate and cement solution to protect the spores from the nonconducive environment. The specimens were subjected to fully and partially submerged marine water curing. The mechanical properties and self-healing potential were evaluated, and the precipitated polymorphs in completely healed cracks were identified and examined by characterisation techniques such as XRD, FEGSEM, FTIR, and TGA-DTG. The marine bacterium under investigation can tolerate the high salt concentrations commonly found in seawater and saline marshy soil and produce calcite through the metabolism of organic compounds, making it a suitable microorganism for self-healing applications. Crack widths of up to 0.84 mm and 92.79% average strength recovery were achieved in 56 days post-cracking, and the pace of healing was quicker in partially submerged curing conditions. The results showed improved self-healing, strength regain and mechanical strength and proved to be an efficient tool for enhancing the endurance of biomortar in severe marine exposure conditions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
ANN Model for Joint Shear Strength of RC Interior Beam-Column Joint
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Alagundi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
In the present study ANN model is developed to anticipate the Joint shear strength of interior Beam-Column joints. As there are many factors and parameters that influence the joint strength, it is challenging to determine the joint shear strength of joint. The current research aims to predict the Joint shear strength of the Beam-Column joint with the help of Artificial Intelligence. ANN models have recently gained popularity in Civil and Structural Engineering and have solved many non liner engineering problems. In the present research, ANN Model is constructed and the model is trained, tested and validated. Performance of the ANN model is measured by statistical relations. Error analysis is carried out to find out the deviation from experimental values. As the mean square error is less and correlation is nearly 95â€“100%, it has been concluded that the Present ANN model can accurately predict the Joint shear strength. The proposed ANN model is compared with design equations proposed by design code and found out that the ANN model shows more stability and accuracy. Â© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Assessment of Ionic Composition of Fresh Cement Blends System with Addition of SCMs and Conductive Materials
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rakesh Kumar, N.; Sundaramoorthi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
In this experimental study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect on the ionic composition of cement system at early age upon the addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and conductive additives. The ionic composition of cement system refers to the type and concentration of ionic species and it varies depending on the type of cement and degree of hydration. Cement system containing fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in different proportions were blended to examine the effect of SCMs on the ionic concentration. Apart from SCMs, conductive additives like graphite powder and inorganic salt were also included in the study. The pore solution, formed as a result of the hydration of cement, contains a complex mixture of ions. The ionic conductivity of the pore solution is determined from the concentration of various ionic species. Ionic conductivity is responsible for the electrical, chemical, and mechanical performance of the cement system, and hence, understanding the same is essential. Pore solution is extracted in the early age of the hydrating cement system by centrifugation, and with ion chromatographic technique, the concentrations of ions in the pore solution are determined and the results and discussion are compiled in this paper. From the study, silica fume and magnesium-based salt were observed to be an effective additive in improving the conductivity of the pore solution. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Assessment on durability of lightweight concrete using alkali modified fly ash based atrificial coarse aggregate (FACA)
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Muhammed, A.; Palanisamy, T.; Shanmugamoorthy, S.
Thermal power plant is the backbone of India’s energy generation comprising of more than 50%. Since Indian coal is of low grade with ash content of the order of 30–55% in comparison with imported coal which has low ash content of the order of 3–15%, huge piles of fly ash is left over which poses environmental degradation. In order to reduce its harmful effects on environment, we have to reuse/recycle this industrial by-product. As concrete contains 80% coarse aggregate, huge quantity of fly ash waste can be utilized if we reuse it as artificial coarse aggregate. This work compiles the results of a pilot scale study on durability properties of concrete made from fly ash-based artificial coarse aggregate (FACA). The molarity of NaOH, NaOH-to-Na2SiO3 ratio and alkaline-solution-to-fly-ash ratio used in this research are 8 M, 0.5 and 0.4 respectively. The coarse aggregate is produced by crushing the geopolymer mass in a crusher. The fundamental durability properties of the concrete (FACACRETE) prepared from FACA is compared with the conventional concrete (using crushed granite stone) at M20, M25 and M30 grades of concrete. It is observed that on increasing the grade of concrete, the ultrasonic pulse velocity test gives better result for both conventional concrete and FACACRETE. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Bacillus Subtilis Immobilised Areca Fibre Mortar for Robust Self-healing
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Sai Teja, A.; Palanisamy, T.; Anoop, P.P.; Gopal, M.
This study focuses on developing a bacteria-based self-healing mortar by immobilizing bacteria with Areca Nut Husk Fibre (ANHF). ANHF is an agricultural waste that is eco-friendly, lightweight, renewable, and sustainable construction material. The objectives of this study include determining the optimal ANHF percentage, self-healing potential, mechanical properties, and durability performance of developed mortar. The type of carrier material significantly influences the viability of bacteria and their calcite precipitation ability in self-healing concrete. The present study examined the possible application of natural fiber, ANHF and to carry bacterial spores that maximize-healing potential while maintaining structural integrity in concrete. Along with Bacillus subtilis VEB4 bacteria, calcium lactate pentahydrate and, urea are used as organic nutrients. The study examined the effect of adding ANHF at different volumes of mortar (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1%).The mortars showed the maximum mechanical strength at an ANHF content of 0.75%. The fiber-reinforced bacteria-immobilized mortars exhibited 100% healing. A maximum crack width of 0.813Â mmÂ was healed after 56Â days, while controlled specimens healed partially. SEM, FTIR and, XRD tests on Fibre bacterial mix revealed that calcite is the predominant mineral substance with a few microbial imprints on the crystalline surface. Mechanical property analysis includes compressive and flexural strength evaluations. The research assesses the materialâ€™s durability through resistance to alkaline and acid substances. The findings aim to contribute to sustainable construction materials by offering an eco-friendly solution to concrete deterioration. The optimized microbial mortar, with improved self-healing, robust mechanical properties, and durability, holds promise for applications in civil engineering, promoting resilient and long-lasting concrete structures. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Carbon sequestration and life cycle assessment of an industrial waste-derived carbon sink binder under saline water utilization
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) M, N.; Palanisamy, T.
The development of low-carbon construction materials is essential to meeting global climate targets. This study presents a carbon-negative binder synthesized primarily from iron-rich industrial byproducts (mill scale), supplemented with fly ash, metakaolin, and limestone. Oxalic acid enhances iron dissolution and promotes stable carbonate formation during CO2 curing. Strength development occurs through direct CO2 mineralization, with carbonation curing conducted at 0, 1.5, and 3 bar using both normal and saline water. Specimens cured at 3 bar with saline water achieved compressive strengths exceeding 60 MPa and carbon sequestration rates up to 1.03% per day. Carbonation depth followed a square-root time relationship, with enhanced propagation under high-pressure saline conditions. Microstructural analyses (XRD, TGA–DTG, FTIR, FESEM) confirmed the formation of siderite, lepidocrocite, nesquehonite, and calcite within a dense matrix. Life Cycle Assessment indicated approximately 85% lower fossil-based global warming potential and over 80% reductions in water consumption compared to Ordinary Portland Cement, demonstrating a potable-water-free, resource-efficient binder suitable for circular and climate-resilient infrastructure. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Coconut shell biochar–Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 based biocomposite as a sustainable additive for cement mortar: Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characterization, strength, hydration, and healing
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Anoop, P.P.; Palanisamy, T.
Although biochar–bacteria composites have been explored for self-healing in cementitious materials, the influence of pyrolysis temperature on microbial compatibility and healing performance has been insufficiently investigated. This study addresses this gap by examining how pyrolysis temperature affects the physicochemical properties of coconut shell biochar and its effectiveness as a microbial carrier in mortar. Biochar produced at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C was characterized, and Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 was immobilized onto it to form biocomposites. The biocomposites were incorporated into mortar to evaluate mechanical, microstructural, and crack healing performances. Characterization of biochar showed enhanced crystallinity at 500 °C as indicated by XRD, development of primary and secondary pores confirmed by FESEM, and increased micronutrient concentrations due to thermal enrichment observed through ICP-MS. Compressive strength restoration increased from 80.21 % to 91.23 % between 300 °C and 500 °C temperatures. TGA analysis, interpreted using Bhatty's method, indicated an increase in the degree of hydration from 61.65 % to 65.33 %. Rietveld refinement of XRD data revealed a rise in calcite content from 24 % to 51 %. FESEM imaging confirmed the deposition of hydration products within the biochar pores. Healing evaluation showed closure of cracks up to 0.762 mm and 0.920 mm in mortars with 300 °C and 500 °C biocomposites, respectively, corresponding to healed areas of 92.49 % and 100 %. The healed products in all biocomposites were confirmed as calcite through FESEM-EDS and XRD analyses. Optimized pyrolysis at 500 °C yielded a biocomposite with superior microbial healing performance, establishing its suitability as a self-healing admixture in bio-mortar applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRENGTH BEHAVIOURS ON CONCRETE FRAMES UNDER SEVERE EARTHQUAKE LOADS
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2023) Balasubramanian, S.; Palanisamy, T.; Senthil Kumar, S.
The increase in the development of constructions and infrastructures to compensate the growing population of the world had led to the tremendous demand for concrete. Concrete has been revolutionised by Romans and its use resulted as the finest building material on earth. But as the concrete strength improves, the brittleness increases and as a result the potential for deformation decreases, thus restricting the use of concrete in seismically active areas. Hence, this paper does the experimental research and study of the strength behaviour of reinforcement concrete (RC) and high strength concrete (HSC) effectively. The main aim of this study is to improve the properties of the frame and to withstand the burdens arising from earthquake charges against seismic behaviour. The research analysis includes the design and manufacture with casting and examination of frame speci-mens. The experimental data is checked with empirical results, and the average error percentage is 4.86. The study result showed that HSC infilled frame’s overall load-bearing capability is 4.27 times higher than RC infilled frame, and also 4.48 times higher for HSC bare frame than the RC bare frame. © 2023, Scibulcom Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparative Study on Prediction of Interfacial Bond Strength of FRP with Concrete Using Machine Learning Methods
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Abhiram, H.C.; Palanisamy, T.
As time elapses for a structure its strength decreases over some time but its utility keeps on growing this results in the same time demolition may cost more, for this problem rehabilitation is the solution. One rehabilitation material is Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), binding on structural elements like beams and columns slabs strengthens the existing structure. So, it is necessary to know bond strength but it depends on several factors like FRP properties (Young modulus, thickness, bond length, tensile strength, width of FRP) and concrete block properties (compressive strength and width of concrete specimen). There are empirical equations to determine bond strength but in practice, these are very far from tested data. So, it is necessary to find the relation between FRP bond strength with respect to FRP and concrete properties. In present days, machine learning methods give good results when compared to conventional methods. So, it is necessary to use the best machine learning model to predict bond strength. This study aims to develop a comprehensive database of experimental results from direct shear specimens made of FRP concrete, and an assessment of the effectiveness of four machine learning algorithms including Support vector mechanism, Ridge regression, Lasso regression, and Elastic regression. The study will also develop a new equation for forecasting interfacial bond strength by considering the parameters discovered by the machine learning algorithm with interpretable physical meanings. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of ML algorithms for predicting interfacial bond strength in FRP-concrete direct shear specimens and offer a new equation for forecasting interfacial bond strength with practical implications. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Crack Detection in Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Palanisamy, T.; Shakya, R.; Nalla, S.; Prakhya, S.S.
This paper aims to explore the possibility of using machine learning (ML) algorithms and image processing to determine cracks in concrete and classify them as Cracked and Uncracked. This is a very current field of study with a lot of research currently taking place. In particular, neural network algorithms such as VGG16, ResNet50, Xception and MobileNet, were used to name a few. Two datasets were used to detect the presence of cracks in concrete. The first two datasets were taken from the Kaggle website. The first dataset is generated from 458 high-resolution images (4032 Ã— 3024 pixels). This dataset consists of 40,000 images, 20,000 with and 20,000 without cracks. The second dataset had pictures of cracked and uncracked decks on a bridge from a dataset called SDNET2018 (2018). VGG16 Architecture based artificial neural network performed the best while MobileNet performed the worst. As the scope for the project expanded, an effort was made to determine crack properties, specifically crack width as an automated system for the same would be much more useful than a manual one. It was done using morphological transformations and concepts of Euclidean distance. Â© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Crafting Sustainability: Optimizing Oxalic Acid in Iron Carbonate Binder Formulation with Waste Iron Powder for a Carbon-Negative Impact
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) M, M.; Chouksey, A.; Palanisamy, T.
The construction industry, while facing challenges related to pollution and global warming, is largely dependent on cement, intensifying environmental concerns. This study aims to alleviate this impact by diminishing cement reliance in construction, focusing on the development of green concrete through the utilization of alternative, renewable materials. Among these, the Iron Carbonate binder emerges as an innovative solution, blending iron dust, fly ash, lime powder, and metakaolin. To enhance the utilization of iron waste, oxalic acid, a chelating agent, is incorporated into the binding formulation. This binder undergoes a unique strengthening process, relying on carbon dioxide curing followed by ambient curing for moisture removal. The research is dedicated to exploring the mechanical properties of the Iron Carbonate binder, with a specific focus on compressive strength. To optimize its composition, the study evaluates the ideal content of oxalic acid and the water-binder ratio with casting methodology such as wet mix method, specifically considering the method of addition of oxalic acid in conjunction with other raw materials. The casting methodology involves addition of the diluted oxalic acid to a proportionally dry mixed raw material which is then compacted, compressed and ejected mechanically and placed in carbon dioxide environment with immediate demolding followed by defined curing regime. The study is limited to specific water-binder ratio and oxalic acid concentrations based on experimental constraints and challenges. Microstructural characterization is also an important aspect of this research, aiming to understand the behavior of varying dosages of oxalic acid and water-binder ratios concerning strength. By investigating into these mechanical and microstructural intricacies, the study contributes valuable insights towards the sustainable evolution of construction practices, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Effect of Chloride on Accelerated Corrosion of Steel Rebar in Alkali-Activated Fly Ash and Paper Sludge Ash–Reinforced Concrete
(Electrochemical Science Group, 2022) Senthamilselvi, P.; Palanisamy, T.; Senthil Kumar, S.
The aim of this work was to investigate the corrosion of reinforcing rebar inserted in geopolymer concrete (GPC) made from fly ash (FA) containing 10% paper sludge ash (PSA) by weight under three curing conditions, namely oven curing (OC) at 60°C, external exposure curing(EEC), and curing at ambient temperature (AC). The investigation was carried out on the GPC using linear polarization resistance and Tafel plot techniques. All of the reinforced lollipop specimens were stored in a 3.5% NaCl solution with a steady anodic electrical potential of about 12 V applied to accelerate the corrosion process. Both the bond strength loss percentage and the mass loss percentage of the corroded steel rebar embedded in the concrete cylinder specimens were calculated. The test results showed that the OC condition demonstrated best corrosion resistance in the FA-GPC specimen compared to the FA-PSA GPC specimen. The test results for FA-PSA GPC specimens showed that their corrosion resistance performance was better under AC condition compared to the other two curing conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ESG (www.electrochemsci.org). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Effect of fly ash and bagasse ash on the mechanical properties of light weight concrete; Wpływ popiołu lotnego i popiołu z wytłoczyn z trzciny cukrowej na właściwości mechaniczne betonu lekkiego
(Foundation Cement, Lime, Concrete, 2022) Gunasekaran, M.; Palanisamy, T.
Light weight concrete is an important part in the concrete technology. The use of mineral additives in light-weight concrete, to replace fine aggregate with fly ash and bagasse ash, helps to reduce the cement content. The present investigation aims to meet the performance of light weight concrete, by adding fly ash and bagasse ash, as fine aggregate replacement additives. The strength properties such as cube compressive strength, cylinder compressive strength and split tensile strength were investigated after different ages, to find the optimum addition of mineral additives such as fly ash and bagasse ash, in concrete. The strengths were compared and the optimal replacement level of cement with fly ash and bagasse ash was found. The cylinder compressive strength and split tensile strength of light weight concrete were measured, at the same replacement levels of mineral additives, at the age of 28 days curing. The mathematical equations were proposed to achieve cube compressive and tensile strengths, cylinder compressive and tensile strength and cube compressive and cylinder compressive strengths, concerning typical strength. © 2022, Foundation Cement, Lime, Concrete. All rights reserved.
Enhancing PVCC beam performance through PVA fiber and basalt fabric in sustainable construction: ductility, strength, and energy absorption improvements
(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2024) Prasanthni, P.; Priya, B.; Palanisamy, T.; Dineshkumar, G.
This study evaluates the performance of PVCC (Polyvinyl Alcohol Cementitious Composite) layered beams (BP1 to BP5), basalt fiber fabric-wrapped beams (BB1 and BB2), and a control beam (B0). Results show that specimen BP3, with 1.2% PVA fiber in PVCC layered beam, and BB2, with basalt fiber fabric wrapped at the bottom up to the neutral axis, exhibit superior performance. BP3 delays first crack initiation, increases the ultimate load-carrying capacity by 19.87%, and achieves a remarkable 54.57% increase in maximum ductility compared to B0. BP3 also demonstrates 54.54% higher stiffness and notable energy absorption. Similarly, BB2 outperforms BB1 and B0 in first crack load, ultimate load carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness, energy absorption, and energy index. BB2 exhibits 2.10 times increase in ductility compared to B0. Incorporating PVA fiber in PVCC layered beams and basalt fiber fabric wrapping offers better improvements in crack resistance, load capacity, ductility, stiffness, and energy absorption, contributing to innovative and sustainable beam design in construction. © 2024, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. All rights reserved.
Environmental sustainability of waste glass as a valuable construction material - A critical review
(EM International rktem@pn3.vsnl.net.in, 2018) Sudharsan, N.; Palanisamy, T.; Yaragal, S.C.
The increased demand for concrete as a construction material leads to increase in cement production. The formulation of cement, emits a significant amount of CO2 to the atmosphere, which causes severe environmental pollution. Many efforts are being made to reduce the use of Portland cement in concrete to avoid environmental issues. These efforts mainly involve the utilization of value added materials in concrete. In this context, the waste glass powder has excellent pozzolanic properties, to use glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The use of waste glass powder in concrete has many economic and environmental benefits. This paper summarizes the literature regarding the utilization of waste glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material in mortar and concrete. © 2018 EM International. All rights reserved.