Browsing by Author "Nayeem, A."

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    Implementation of Next Hop Selection in Underwater Routing Using TOPSIS
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Nayeem, A.; Chandavarkar, B.R.; Nazareth, P.
    Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) are a prominent research area in academia and industry. UASNs are used in a wide range of applications, including ocean monitoring, environmental monitoring, and underwater surveillance. However, UASNs face a number of challenges like high ocean interference and noise, high propagation delay, low bandwidth, and limited battery life. In addition, most underwater applications demand efficient routing. Selecting the optimal next hop is important to ensure reliable and efficient packet delivery. This paper proposes an attribute fetching and node ranking mechanism to be used in a routing protocol. The source node obtains the attributes from its neighbors and ranks the nodes in decreasing order of priority. The priorities can be used to choose the best next hop in a routing protocol. The proposed mechanism is implemented in UnetStack, an agent-based underwater simulator. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
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    Opportunistic Underwater Routing Protocols: A Survey
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Bhujange, K.; Nayeem, A.; Das, A.P.; Chandavarkar, B.R.; Nazareth, P.
    Underwater Acoustics Sensor Networks (UASNs) play a significant role in the different underwater applications. Some underwater applications include underwater environment monitoring, mine detection, pollution monitoring, etc. UASNs exhibit several challenges like node movement, changes in link quality between nodes, low bandwidth, high bit-error rate, and high energy consumption. These challenges in UASNs make data delivery unreliable during routing. One of the solutions to achieve better performance during routing is using an opportunistic routing approach. In the opportunistic routing, the sender will forward the data to the set of neighbors so that at least a neighbor can receive and forward the data. Evaluating the neighboring nodes, selecting the set of the neighbors, and coordinating among the selected nodes to forward the received data is the significant steps in opportunistic routing. Thus, we consider the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach to select the best next-hops during routing. Therefore, we are making a detailed survey on protocols that apply TOPSIS to evaluate neighboring nodes’ multiple attributes. Then we discuss various clustering techniques used in the selection of the best next-hops. Finally, we discuss methods used to compute hold time to achieve coordination between cluster nodes. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.