Browsing by Author "Narendranath, S."

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A review on machining of titanium based alloys using EDM and WEDM
(Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering mpm@def.ipme.ru, 2014) Manjaiah, M.; Narendranath, S.; Basavarajappa, S.
The aim of this review is to present the consolidated information about the contributions of various researchers on the application of EDM and WEDM on titanium materials and subsequently identify the research gaps. The literature survey has been carried out from three perspectives such as application of EDM and WEDM on titanium materials, utilization of tools and techniques for correlating experimental results and application of products produced by EDM and WEDM. Three main research areas has been identified. First, the application of EDM and WEDM on titanium materials mainly TiNi based alloys. Second, the utilization of advanced tools and techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN), advanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) and tabu enhanced genetic algorithm (GA). Third, the study and analysis of surface integrity in EDM and WEDM on titanium materials. In addition, the paper has also evolved the future research directions. The paper has been concluded by indicating the future research directions for the research gaps identified during this literature survey.
A review on wrought magnesium alloys processed by equal channel angular pressing
(Inderscience Publishers, 2015) Muralidhar, M.; Narendranath, S.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.
Magnesium and its alloys with severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques are more attractive as structural parts in many industrial applications because of their advantages. In this paper, the importance of wrought magnesium alloys with their applications to accomplish the essential development of components is reviewed. In addition, the different approaches of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process for refining the grain size to achieve the ultrafine grained material on the bulk metals are discussed. Recent developments in the ECAP process are outlined clearly with their importance to overcome many complexities. Various factors like processing temperature of a specimen, die geometry, ram speed, back pressure and processing routes influencing during ECAP process of wrought magnesium alloys at different conditions such as channel angle and corner or outer arc angle are discussed. Finally, the properties of ECAP processed wrought alloys are outlined for improving the microstructure in structural parts. © © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
A study on dimensional analysis modeling of crater size during wire electrical discharge turning process by using Buckingham Pi theorem
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Naik, G.M.; Hipparagi, M.A.; Bellubbi, S.; Roy, A.; Anjan, B.N.; Ramesh, S.; Narendranath, S.
The investigation on material removal by thermal erosion of discrete spark and vaporization in wire electrical discharge turning process was made to understand the crater size variation on turned components. In this study the modelling is done to establish the relationship between dependent and independent variables through Buckingham's Pi-theorem, to predict the variations of crater diameter depending on physical and thermal properties, subsequently the dimensional model was validated by conducting experiments on wire-electrical discharge turning process for two distinct density variant materials such as Aluminium 6061 and INCONEL 718 super alloys. The density, enthalpy of vaporization, radius of spark, specific heat and other quantities effect on crater diameter have been discussed in this research paper. Â© 2022
A study on the influence of WEDM parameters on surface roughness, kerf width, and corrosion behavior of AZ31B Mg alloy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Chaitanya, V.H.; Sekar, P.; Narendranath, S.; Balaji, V.
Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a nontraditional machining process where the material is removed by the spark erosion technique. This technique is used to machine AZ31B, a biodegradable Magnesium alloy. In the present work impact of WEDM input parameters, namely pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), servo voltage (SV), and wire feed (WF) on response characteristics is studied. The response characteristics considered are kerf width (KW), surface roughness (SR), and corrosion rate (CR). L9 orthogonal array by Taguchi's is employed as the design of experimentation. Taguchi's analysis implied that TON is the most influencing input parameter on the response characteristics. At a relatively lower TON setting (105 μs), comparatively lesser kerf width (335.894 μm), lower surface roughness (3.069 μm), and lower corrosion rate (0.95 mm/year) are exhibited by the machined specimens. From the main effects plots using signal-to-noise ratios, it is understood that the values of response characteristics increased with an increase in TON value. It is due to the increase in discharge at the more pulse on time duration. It is also understood that a surface with relatively better surface finish exhibited better corrosion resistance. With the help of regression equations, the relation between response characteristics and input parameters is built. © 2022 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abrasive wear behavior of granite-filled glass-epoxy composites by SiC particles using statistical analysis
(2011) Basavarajappa, .S.; Manjunath Yadav, S.M.; Kumar, S.; Arun, K.V.; Narendranath, S.
This experimental investigation deals with the evaluation of abrasive wear behavior of Glass Epoxy (G-E) composites on pin-ondisc test rig. A plan of experiments, based on the Taguchi Design of Experiments, was performed to acquire data in controlled way. An orthogonal array and the analysis of variance were employed to investigate the percentage of contribution of various process parameters like sliding speed, applied load, sliding distance and their interactions affecting the abrasive wear volume loss of composites. The correlations between the various factors affecting the abrasive wear behavior of composites were obtained by using multiple linear regression equations. The obtained results indicate that applied load and sliding distance were the wear factors that have the highest physical as well as statistical influence on the abrasive wear behavior of both filled and unfilled G-E composites. A good agreement between the predicted and actual wear resistance was observed within±12%. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Advanced machining of TiNiCo shape memory alloys for biomedical applications
(ICE Publishing, 2019) Soni, H.; Ramesh, M.R.; Narendranath, S.
Wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) is one of the most productive non-traditional machining processes. Complex shapes can be cut through the WEDM process. In the present study, attempts have been made to study the effects of various process parameters of WEDM such as pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), servo voltage (SV), wire speed (WS) and servo feed (SF) on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) for machining of TiNiCo shape memory alloys, traditionally used as bone staple material. Grey-relational-analysis-based entropy measurement methods were used for formulating a hybrid combination of optimisation methods, in order to investigate the input parameters of WEDM on the comprehensive performance of a bone staple material’s SR and MRR. Experiments were carried out by using response surface design (L-33), and the input parameters were ranked based on the grey relational grade. An experimental run was conducted using the optimal combination of input parameters of WEDM, which was obtained from the analysis. Ton of 125 µs, Toff of 42 µs, SV of 40 V, SF of 2180 machine units and WS of 4 m/min were obtained as the best combination of input process parameters for TiNiCo alloy. © 2019 ICE Publishing. All rights reserved.
Analysing the combined effect of crystallographic orientation and grain refinement on mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of ECAPed ZE41 Mg alloy
(National Engg. Reaserch Center for Magnesium Alloys, 2020) Sekar, S.; Narendranath, S.; Desai, V.
Two step equal channel angular pressing carried out on as cast ZE41 Mg alloy resulted in a remarkable grain refinement. As compared to grain size of 46 µm in as cast sample, refinement upto 2.5 µm was achieved after 8th pass equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The combined effect of crystallographic orientation and grain refinement was investigated by analysing the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of ZE41 Mg alloy using electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The first stage comprises of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th passes at a processing temperature of 300 °C while the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th passes were ECAPed at 275 °C in second stage. The mechanical properties of ZE41 Mg 158 yield tensile strength (YTS), 230 ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 7% elongation in as cast condition is enhanced to 236 YTS, 295 UTS and 19.76%, respectively, after first stage ECAP. The yield tensile strength deteriorated due to the effect of texture predominating grain refinement during the second stage ECAP. The corrosion resistance of ZE41 Mg was significantly enhanced by ECAP and is inferred from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation results .The role of microstructure was minimal on corrosion behaviour of ZE41 Mg due to extra resistance when tested in 0 M NaCl. However, the influence of grain refinement greatly influenced the improvement in corrosion resistance of ZE41 Mg rather than crystallographic orientation observed from EBSD. In contrast, the crystallographic orientation predominated the effect of grain refinement during ZE41 Mg corrosion in chloride containing (0.1 M and 1 M NaCl) solutions. From the observation of results it is found that equal channel angular pressing has the dual advantage of improving mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ZE41 Mg alloy. © 2020
Analysis and Optimization of WEDM Performance Characteristics of Inconel 706 for Aerospace Application
(Springer Netherlands rbk@louisiana.edu, 2018) Sharma, P.; Dupadu, D.; Narendranath, S.
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) has established itself for manufacturing of precise and complex shape components for aerospace application due to the high quality requirement of aerospace components such as normal residual stress, no cracks, no recast layer, no porosity; still there is a need to optimize the control parameter settings and evaluate the performance characteristics of the WEDM process. The experiments have been conducted on Inconel 706 which is a newly-developed superalloy specially for aircraft application. A hybrid approach has been used to optimize the material removal rate (MRR) as well as surface roughness (SR) and significant control parameters have been identified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Microstructure analysis revealed the formation of microglobules, melted debris and microholes on the machined surface, but no microcrack was detected due to the high toughness of the alloy. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) has been carried out to study the metallurgical changes in the WED machined surface. The topography analysis of the curved surface revealed the best surface quality of the machined component at low pulse on time and high pulse off time. A thick recast layer of 39.6 µm was observed at high pulse on time and low servo voltage. Microhardness of the machined surface was changed up to a depth of 70 µm due to cyclic thermal loading during the WEDM process. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Analysis of surface hardness and surface roughness in diamond burnishing of 17-4 PH stainless steel
(2019) Sachin, B.; Narendranath, S.; Chakradhar, D.
Burnishing is a chipless secondary finishing operation which yields excellent surface finish. The present work focuses on multi-response optimization of diamond burnishing on 17-4 precipitation hardenable stainless steel under dry environment by using Taguchi based grey relation analysis (TGRA) to simultaneously minimize surface roughness and maximize surface hardness. The effect of the process parameters such as burnishing speed, burnishing feed and burnishing force on performance characteristics like surface roughness and surface hardness were studied. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array has been adopted for the experimental design. The optimal burnishing process parameters were found to be burnishing speed of 73 m/min, burnishing feed of 0.048 mm/rev and burnishing force of 150 N. Burnishing feed is the most significant parameter on burnishing performance characteristics. It has been proved that the performance characteristics of a diamond burnishing process have been improved by effective use of this technique. � Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Analysis of surface hardness and surface roughness in diamond burnishing of 17-4 PH stainless steel
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2019) Sachin, B.; Narendranath, S.; Dupadu, D.
Burnishing is a chipless secondary finishing operation which yields excellent surface finish. The present work focuses on multi-response optimization of diamond burnishing on 17-4 precipitation hardenable stainless steel under dry environment by using Taguchi based grey relation analysis (TGRA) to simultaneously minimize surface roughness and maximize surface hardness. The effect of the process parameters such as burnishing speed, burnishing feed and burnishing force on performance characteristics like surface roughness and surface hardness were studied. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array has been adopted for the experimental design. The optimal burnishing process parameters were found to be burnishing speed of 73 m/min, burnishing feed of 0.048 mm/rev and burnishing force of 150 N. Burnishing feed is the most significant parameter on burnishing performance characteristics. It has been proved that the performance characteristics of a diamond burnishing process have been improved by effective use of this technique. Â© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
ANN and RSM modeling methods for predicting material removal rate and surface roughness during WEDM of Ti50Ni40Co10 shape memory alloy
(AMSE Press 16 Avenue Grauge Blanche Tassin-la-Demi-Lune 69160, 2017) Soni, H.; Narendranath, S.; Ramesh, M.R.
Present study exhibits the comparison between experimental and predicted values. Where response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used as predictor for the prediction of wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) responses such as the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) during the machining of Ti50Ni40Co10 shape memory alloy. It has been noticed from the literature survey that pulse on time and servo voltage are most important process parameters for the machining of TiNiCo shape memory alloy, hence there are five levels of these process parameters were chosen for the present study. For the present study selected alloy has been developed through vacuum arc melting and L-25 orthogonal array has been created by using Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) for experimental plan. During the present study ANN predicted values have been found to very close to experimental values compare to RSM predicted values, hence it can be say that ANN predictor gives more accurate values compare to RSM predicted values. © 2017 AMSE Press. All rights reserved.
Application of Desirability Approach to Optimize the Control Factors in Cryogenic Diamond Burnishing
(Springer, 2020) Sachin, B.; Narendranath, S.; Dupadu, D.
Cryogenic diamond burnishing is an impactful method to enhance the functional performance of the product. In this article, an experimental study on the diamond burnishing of 17-4 precipitation hardenable stainless steel in a cryogenic cooling condition has been presented. This material has excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and enormous applications in the manufacturing industries. The control variables were namely burnishing force, burnishing feed and burnishing force have been studied and modeled for the output responses explicitly surface hardness and surface roughness. The influence of control variables on performance features has been analyzed using response surface graphs. The significant influence of burnishing conditions on the output responses was established by analysis of variance. Desirability function approach has been employed to optimize the multi-performance characteristics. At the corresponding highest desirability, the optimal process parameter combination was found to be burnishing feed = 0.053 mm/rev, burnishing speed = 31.29 m/min and burnishing force = 200 N which yields a minimum surface roughness = 0.199 µm and maximum surface hardness = 397.48 HV. The maximum percentage of error among the predicted and experimental results was found to be 10% and 2%, respectively, for surface roughness and surface hardness. The investigational findings were observed to be in agreement with the predicted value with permissible deviation. © 2020, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
Application of differential transform method for estimating thermal cycle developed in GTA welding of high carbon steel joints
(Trans Tech Publications Ltd ttp@transtec.ch, 2015) Dutta, J.; Narendranath, S.; Zhilin, Z.
This article reveals a detailed study of temperature cycle formed during Gas Tungsten Arc welding of high carbon steel (AISI 1090) butt joints. Experimental work has been carried out to estimate the temperature distribution along fusion boundary to longitudinal direction of the weldment by mounting thermocouples on the plate along with Data Acquisition System. Heat flux distribution due to moving point heat source has been demonstrated by implementing Gaussian surface heat flux and Angular Torch model. Cooling rate has predicted by application of Adams cooling rate equation. Conduction-convection phenomena plays dominant role for evaluating heat loss from the weld joint and Differential Transform Method (DTM) has been applied to judge non-dimensional temperature distribution. Analytical studies has shown well agreement with experimental temperature distribution. © (2015) Trans Tech Publications.
Artificial neural network-based prediction assessment of wire electric discharge machining parameters for smart manufacturing
(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2023) Manoj, I.V.; Narendranath, S.; Mashinini, P.M.; Soni, H.; Rab, S.; Ahmad, S.; Hayat, A.
Artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, cybersecurity, the Industrial Internet of Things, and blockchain are some of the technologies and solutions that are combined to produce "smart manufacturing,"which is used to optimize manufacturing processes by creating and/or accepting data. In manufacturing, spark erosion technique such as wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a process that machines different hard-to-cut alloys. It is regarded as the solution for cutting intricate parts and materials that are resistant to conventional machining techniques or are required by design. In the present study, holes of different radii, i.e. 1, 3, and 5 mm, have been cut on Nickelvac-HX. Tapering in WEDM is a delicate process to avoid disadvantages such as wire break, wire bend, wire friction, guide wear, and insufficient flushing. Taper angles viz. 0°, 15°, and 30° were obtained from a unique fixture to get holes at different angles. The study also shows the influence of taper angles on the part geometry and area of the holes. Next, the artificial neural network (ANN) technique is implemented for the parametric result prediction. The findings were in good agreement with the experimental data, supporting the viability of the ANN approach for the evaluation of the manufacturing process. The findings in this research provide as a reference to the potential of AI-based assessment in smart manufacturing processes and as a design tool in many manufacturing-related fields. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.
Characterization and Evaluation of Joint Properties of FSWed AA6061/SiC/FA Hybrid AMCs Using Different Tool Pin Profiles
(Springer, 2020) Patil, S.; Narendranath, S.; Dupadu, D.
This work reports the characterization of AA6061/SiC/FA hybrid composites joined using friction stir welding (FSW). FSW was conducted by employing various tool pin profiles such as straight cylindrical (SC), tapered conical, straight square (SS) and cylindrical threaded. Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of joints were investigated using these tool pin profiles. Microstructure study of the weld joints was carried out through scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The results show equiaxed distribution of grains in the nugget zone. EBSD analysis indicates that the average grain size reduces to 3 µm after FSW with the presence of high-angle grain boundaries. Higher joint efficiency (85%) is obtained for joints obtained using SS tool pin compared to their counterparts, and SC tool yields minimum joint efficiency (77%). Overall 8% enhancement of the joint efficiency is achieved using SS tool pin profile. © 2020, The Indian Institute of Metals - IIM.
Characterization of Inconel 625-SS 304 Weldments Developed by Selective Microwave Hybrid Joining Technique for Promising Applications
(Springer, 2024) Kamble, D.L.; Sahu, R.K.; Narendranath, S.
Production of dissimilar weldments using microwave hybrid heating is currently gaining immense impetus in the field of advanced welding. This is because such heat source could provide benefits like cost-effectiveness, rapid, volumetric, uniform and selective heating, and efficient throughput which would be significant to various industries. Till-date researchers have carried out joining of dissimilar general purpose engineering materials using microwave hybrid heat source. But attention has not been paid on the joining and characterization of dissimilar exotic-general purpose materials using the aforementioned heat source and the promising applications of the weldments. Therefore, the present article is focused on the joining of dissimilar materials- Inconel 625 and SS 304 alloys using selective microwave hybrid joining (SMHJ) technique. In SMHJ, nickel-based powder is used as a filler material, Silicon carbide (SiC) block and SiC powder are used as susceptor to increase the initial temperature. The developed weldments through SMHJ are characterized using various physico-chemical diagnostic methods. The results reveal the average micro-hardness of joint was found to be 303 ± 17 HV owing to the presence of various carbides and nitrides phase like NbC, Cr23C6, Cr2Ni3, Ni8Nb, and Fe3Ni2 in the joint zone which is evident from XRD. The average UTS of the joints found to be 448.6 MPa with an elongation of 10.93% and flexural strength observed to be 435 MPa. Further, fractography study reveals, the joint regions have mixed mode of failure. The failure was attributed to the existence of secondary phases in the joint zone. © ASM International 2023.
Collapse mechanism of foam cored sandwich structures under compressive load
(2011) Manjunath Yadav, S.M.; Arun, K.V.; Basavarajappa, .S.; Narendranath, S.; Kumar, S.
In this work the moisture absorption capability, compressive properties, collapse modes of various types of composite sandwich structures are reported. The tested sandwich structures were constructed with varieties of hybridized skin materials and different compositions of the core materials. The moisture absorption, Flatwise compression and Edgewise compression tests are conducted for core as well as sandwich structures. Comparisons of results have been between the hybridized and non-hybridized sandwich structures. Two modes of collapse were noticed in the Edgewise compressive test, one of which being progressive end-crushing of the sandwich structure featured by significant crash energy absorption. This feature was highly desired for the parts of transportation vehicles. Microscopic analysis has been carried out to know the nature of failure under compressive loads. It has been observed that with increasing the debonding strength of the core-face interface, the failure mode changes from unstable collapse mode stable progressive crushing. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Condition monitoring of face milling tool using K-star algorithm and histogram features of vibration signal
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Madhusudana, C.K.; Kumar, H.; Narendranath, S.
This paper deals with the fault diagnosis of the face milling tool based on machine learning approach using histogram features and K-star algorithm technique. Vibration signals of the milling tool under healthy and different fault conditions are acquired during machining of steel alloy 42CrMo4. Histogram features are extracted from the acquired signals. The decision tree is used to select the salient features out of all the extracted features and these selected features are used as an input to the classifier. K-star algorithm is used as a classifier and the output of the model is utilised to study and classify the different conditions of the face milling tool. Based on the experimental results, K-star algorithm is provided a better classification accuracy in the range from 94% to 96% with histogram features and is acceptable for fault diagnosis. © 2016 Karabuk University
Condition monitoring of single point cutting tools based on machine learning approach
(International Institute of Acoustics and Vibrations P O Box 13 Auburn AL 36831, 2018) Gangadhar, N.; Kumar, H.; Narendranath, S.; Sugumaran, V.
This paper presents the use of multilayer perceptron (MLP) for fault diagnosis through a histogram feature extracted from vibration signals of healthy and faulty conditions of single point cutting tools. The features were extracted from the vibration signals, which were acquired while machining with healthy and different worn-out tool conditions. Principle component analysis (PCA) used to select important extracted features. The artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was applied as a fault classifier in order to know the status of cutting tool conditions. The accuracy of classification with MLP was found to be 82.5 %, which validates that the proposed approach is an effective method for fault diagnosis of single point cutting tools. © 2018 International Institute of Acoustics and Vibrations. All Rights Reserved.
Development and Characterization of Functionally Graded Al-Si Alloy System and Al-Si/SiCP Composites using Centrifuge Casting
(National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, 2013) S., Kiran Aithal; Desai, Vijay; Narendranath, S.
FGM is a material that shows change in magnitude of property values from one end of a specimen or component to the other end. FGM has an intermediate layer whose structure, composition and morphology vary smoothly from one end of the specimen to the other end. Fabrication of FGM and their components with gradient microstructures and properties are challenging. Most of the investigations which focus on material behavior of FGMs are limited to analytical or numerical studies. One of the major bottlenecks with experimental studies is the preparation of FGMs having large property gradation. This necessitates the development of a suitable technique to produce such FGMs with reproducibility of structure and properties. The present work aims at developing a manufacturing technique for the FGMs in order to meet the wide range of and also suitable mechanical and tribological properties for specific thermal and mechanical engineering applications. Among the processing techniques available the most commonly used is horizontal centrifugal method, but, this method is used to produce mainly hallow cylinders. In this work a centrifuge setup is fabricated and FGMs have been successfully developed to produce solid castings. The major advantage of this machine when compared to the conventional machine is that the pouring is done while the mold is stationary and machine operates about a vertical axis. The principal advantage of this is good mold filling combined with microstructural control, which usually results in improved mechanical properties. In this process, when the melt is subjected to high G forces the lighter particles segregate towards the axis of rotation, while the denser particles move away from the axis of rotation depending on the density difference between melt and the reinforcement. This segregation depends on several process parameters such as mold rotational speed (G Factor), pouring temperature, mold temperature etc. The use of aluminum, its alloys and aluminum based composites in the present day has shown many advantages through its unique combination of physical and mechanical properties. The light weight, strength, formability, corrosion resistance, ofIV aluminum, its alloys give it the potential to meet a wide range of design challenges. Taking into consideration the advantages such as high wear resistance, controlled thermal-expansion coefficient, good corrosion resistance, and improved mechanical properties over a range of temperatures that Al alloys and its composites can provide, in this work manufacturing and characterization Al-Si FG alloys and Al-Si-SiCP FG composites have been taken up. Two Al-Si alloys eutectic (12%Si) and hypereutectic (17%Si) were used for producing FG alloys. Further effect of 3 mold rotational speed 200, 300, 400rpm, 2 pouring temperatures 800oC , 900oC and 2 mold temperatures ambient and preheating the mold at 180oC temperature were studied. Similarly FG composites were also produced using Al-17%Si and Al-12% Si as matrix with SiCP as reinforcement. Three different volume fractions of SiCP were used to produce FG composites. The FG composites were produced using 900oC pouring temperature with preheating the mold at 180oC under 200, 300, 400rpm mold rotational speed. The structure and properties of the FG alloys and Composites are studied to understand the effect of different process parameters. The Al-Si FGM specimens are studied for distribution of Si along the length of the specimen (from bottom to top) using optical microscope. The hardness's is measured along the length of the specimen using Brinell hardness tester. Sliding wear tests at room temperature are conducted at normal loads of 40, 60, and 80N and at 1.466m/s sliding speed for a constant sliding distance 879.6m in order to measure the wear resistance and friction characteristics. Similar tests were carried out for FG composites. Diametral compressive strength were conducted to know the strength of the specimen along the length at bottom, middle and top regions. It is found that the FG alloy and Composites are produced successfully using centrifuge technique. In both alloy and composite the gradation occurs at higher rpm, teeming temperature and mold temperature. The experimental findings of hardness and the wear tests provide adequate proof on the gradation characterization (% volume fraction of primary Si, % volume fraction of SiCP and rim thickness) done using microstructural studies.