Browsing by Author "Nagendrappa, N."

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A 10 kW ZVS integrated boost dual three-phase bridge DC–DC resonant converter for a linear generator-based wave-energy system: Design and simulation
(MDPI AG indexing@mdpi.com, 2019) Nagendrappa, N.; Bhat, A.K.S.
The design and performance analysis of a 10 kW three-phase DC–DC LCL-type resonant converter having a built-in boost function were carried out. This high-power converter is proposed for its application in grid-interfacing a linear generator (LG)-based wave-energy system. Fixed-frequency control is used, and the converter was designed to operate with a lagging power factor. It is shown that all switches turn on with zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for wide input voltage and load variations. This results in reduced switching losses and stresses, which is very important in large-power applications. The performance of the converter was studied through PSIM simulation software. Theoretical and simulation results are presented for comparison. Power-loss break-down analysis of the designed converter was carried out and the summary of results is presented. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Analysis and Design of a High-Frequency Isolated Full-Bridge ZVT CLL Resonant DC-DC Converter
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Patil, U.; Nagendrappa, N.
In this paper, a new pulsewidth modulated gating scheme and a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) auxiliary circuit is proposed for a fixed frequency full-bridge CLL dc-dc resonant converter with a capacitive output filter. An approximate complex ac circuit approach is used for the steady-state analysis of the converter. The optimum design of the converter is described with the help of design curves for a sample converter of 200-W power rating operating at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. The converter with applied gating scheme and ZVT auxiliary circuit provides zero-voltage switching to all the switches for the entire variations in loading and input voltage conditions ensuring higher conversion efficiency. PSIM simulations are carried out to verify theoretical predictions about the performance of the converter for various operating conditions. Finally, experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter. The theoretical, simulation, and experimental results are given and discussed. © 1972-2012 IEEE.
Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Double Switching Active Vector Sequences in Dodecagonal Space Vector Structure
(IEEE Computer Society, 2020) Arumalla, R.T.; Figarado, S.; Nagendrappa, N.
The PWM technique used in the inverter influence the harmonic content of the inverter output and the switching losses in the inverter. The dodecagonal space vector based PWM schemes are amongst the popular harmonic elimination schemes for an open-end winding induction motor drive. These techniques give a better harmonic profile by eliminating the dominant lower-order harmonics (fifth and seventh) from the output voltage of an inverter in the entire modulation range. In this paper, double switching active vector sequence based bus-clamping PWM schemes are developed for dodecagonal SV structure, wherein one of the active vectors in a sector is switched twice in every sub-cycle period. These techniques are named as dodecagonal space vector based advanced bus-clamping PWM (ABC12PWM) techniques. The proposed PWM techniques give a better harmonic profile at higher modulation indices as compared to the dodecagonal conventional space vector PWM (C12SVPWM) and dodecagonal bus-clamping PWM techniques (BC12PWM) techniques. The analysis of total RMS harmonic distortion and switching losses are done for the proposed schemes, and the obtained results are compared with C12SVPWM and BC12PWM techniques. The implementation of proposed PWM schemes is done on a laboratory scale induction motor drive. Â© 2020 IEEE.
Coordinated PSO-ANFIS-Based 2 MPPT Control of Microgrid with Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System
(MDPI, 2023) Siddaraj, S.; Yaragatti, U.R.; Nagendrappa, N.
The microgrid is a group of smaller renewable energy sources (REs), which act in a coordinated manner to provide the required amount of active power and additional services when required. This article proposes coordinated power management for a microgrid with the integration of solar PV plants with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to enhance power generation and conversion using a hybrid MPPT method based on particle swarm optimization-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (PSO-ANFIS) to acquire rapid and maximum PV power along with battery energy storage control to maintain the stable voltage and frequency (V-f) of an isolated microgrid. In addition, it is proposed to provide active and reactive power (P-Q) regulation for the grid connected. The approach used provides more regulation due to the least root mean square error (RMSE), which improves photovoltaic (PV) potential extraction. The comparison results of the PSO-ANFIS and P&O controllers of the MPPT and the controller of the energy storage devices combined with the V-f (or P-Q) controller of the inverter all show effective coordination between the control systems. This is the most important need for contemporary microgrids, considering the potential of changing irradiance in the grid following mode, the grid forming mode under an island scenario, and back-to-grid synchronization. With the test model, the islanded and grid-islanded-grid connected modes are investigated separately. The results demonstrate conclusively that the proposed strategies are effective. To run the simulations, MATLAB and SimPowerSystems are utilized. © 2023 by the authors.
Current Source Isolated Bidirectional Series Resonant DC-DC Converter for Solar Power/Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Application
(IEEE Computer Society, 2021) Bathala, K.; Kishan, D.; Nagendrappa, N.
This paper presents the performance analysis of a current source isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter (CSIBDC) for PV and Fuel Cell (FC) applications. The proposed CSIBDC converter has been chosen to integrate solar power with energy storage systems. Since the solar power is intermittent in nature and it has no dispatch ability on its own, the proposed converter can enable small voltages available from PV to step up by operating in the boost conversion mode. The current source dual active bridge (DAB) converter topology is a good choice for battery charging and discharging applications due to its bidirectional power transfer capability. To achieve high power density with ZVS transition, the proposed dual active bridge converter is operated with phase shift control technique. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed DAB converter the simulations are carried out using PSIM software. Â© 2021 IEEE.
Design and Laboratory Validation of a Grid-Interfaced Totem-Pole PFC Converter With PR Controller and Isolated Phase Modulated Converter for Solar-Powered Next-Gen EV Charging System
(China Power Supply Society, 2025) Kanimozhi, K.; Kesavan, P.K.; Nagendrappa, N.; Balasubramanian, B.
This paper proposes a stationery reference frame proportional-resonant (PR) controller for current control of grid-tied converters in an EV charger application. Since it is a viable alternative to rotational reference frame PI compensators in AC applications, the PR controller has been adopted for achieving zero steady state error without using any computationally intensive reference frame transformations. In this paper, a method to design the structure of PR controller and its coefficients according to the desired transient behaviour of AC signal amplitude in PFC converter current loop has been proposed. The importance of suggested PR controller design method is that the grid current magnitude is varying constantly based on the available PV power and battery charger levels which necessitates the controller to act in desired transient behaviour. So, by this way the impact of variation in system parameters have been completely overcome by operating the converter controllers appropriately in a solar powered EV charger system. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller design, extensive simulations and experimental studies are performed in a 1.5 kW EV charger system under various PV irradiances and charger power levels. The experimental results obtained from the laboratory prototype confirms the simulation findings. © 2025 China Power Supply Society. All rights reserved.
Development of Small Signal Model and Stability Analysis of PV-Grid Integration System for EV Charging Application
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kanimozhi, K.; Koothu Kesavan, K.K.; Nagendrappa, N.; Balasubramanian, B.
In this article, grid interactive photovoltaic (PV) system is designed for an electric vehicle (EV) charging application, and the stability of the system is analyzed. The small signal model for the system is derived by averaging and linearizing the state space equations, and the condition for stable operation of PV-integrated charger system is identified from the transfer functions. The proposed charger system implements a coordinated control between the converters to maintain a power balance between the sources and load. System stability is examined using root-locus plots and in addition, the controller is designed to improve the overall stability and reliability of the system. The proposed method provides a general framework for modeling EV charging systems which also details the importance of deriving the model with multiple energy sources. Further, proposed topology has bidirectional capability, which transfers excess PV power to the grid during off-charging hours. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified using the MATLAB Simulink environment for the different scenarios, i.e., variation in the irradiation and disturbances in the grid voltage. The experimental study is conducted on a 1.5-kW laboratory prototype using a low-cost digital signal processing controller (launchpad TMS320F28027F) and the measured results authenticate the simulation findings. © 2020 IEEE.
Duty ratio control ofthree port isolated bidirectional asymmetrical triple active bridge DC-DC converter
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2021) Adarsh, S.; Nagendrappa, N.
Multiport converters are used in interfacing of distributed energy sources with grid/load. Isolated converters are needed in applications where converter gain is high and there is a requirement of isolation. Dual transformer asymmetric triple active bridge offers the advantage of reduced circulating current. However, the operating range is low for variation in load and source voltage. In this paper duty ratio modulation technique is proposed to regulate the load voltage and control the power flow in both the directions. As a result of the new gating scheme, the converter switches operate with ZVS, irrespective of variations in load power and source voltage. The converter is designed to ensure high switch utilization. The control technique is validatedthrough simulation of a 1kW three port DC-DC converter. It was observerd that the load voltage was regulated for wide range of variation in load power and source port voltages. The single input dual output mode was also verified. © 2021, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Efficient and cost-effective wireless CC/CV charging for electric vehicles: A bipolar duty cycle approach
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Vinod, M.; Kishan, D.; Dastagiri Reddy, B.D.; Nagendrappa, N.
Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) has gained significant popularity in recent times, particularly in electric vehicle (EV) battery charging applications. To achieve optimal battery charging, it is imperative to implement both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes of operation. Traditionally, CC/CV modes are attained through conventional phase shift techniques, frequency modulation schemes, the use of active converters, and additional compensator circuits and coils. However, these conventional methods not only reduce system efficiency but also escalate overall costs and control complexity on the onboard side. This article proposes a novel bipolar duty cycle control strategy for a series–series resonant IPT system, aiming to achieve CC/CV modes of operation. The proposed control strategy increases the number of switches operated with zero voltage switching, compared to other fixed-frequency phase shift control strategies across a wide load range. Furthermore, the article provides a detailed procedure for implementing the voltage and current compensator. Additionally, it describes the construction of a one-kilowatt laboratory prototype using Sic devices, presenting the obtained results. The peak measured DC–DC efficiency of 93.8 % is achieved at a distance of 150 mm, and the efficiency has also been evaluated under misalignment conditions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Fixed-frequency modified gating signals controlled high-frequency isolated LCL-T DC-DC resonant power converter
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Reddy, V.B.; Ur Rehman, M.B.; Srinivas, B.; Nagendrappa, N.
In this paper, a fixed-frequency modified gating signals controlled LCL-T type of resonant power converter is proposed. The converter is designed to operate in lagging power factor (pf) mode to ensure zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the inverter switches. Steady-state analysis of the converter is carried out using the Fourier series approach by considering the effect of n-harmonics. A 300 W converter is designed, and its performance is studied using PSIM simulations. It is shown that all inverter switches turn-on with ZVS for entire loading conditions with the minimum input voltage, while only one switch loses ZVS when the input voltage is maximum. Also, a small change in pulse width is enough to regulate the output voltage for wide variations in the input voltage and the load. Power loss breakdown analysis is performed. The experimental prototype of the LCL-T resonant converter is built and tested to validate the theoretical and simulation results. The results have been compared and discussed. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
High frequency isolated bidirectional dual active bridge DC-DC converters and its application to distributed energy systems: an overview
(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2023) Bathala, K.; Kishan, D.; Nagendrappa, N.
Among the DC-DC converters, an isolated bidirectional dual active bridge converter is a core circuit for high-frequency power converters in distributed energy system applications. These high-frequency power conversion systems attract academia and industry due to various advantages, such as high-power density, less weight, reduced noise, high efficiency, low cost and high reliability. First, the importance of power electronic converters in modern-day life is introduced. Second, a topological overview of voltage-fed and current-fed isolated bidirectional dual active bridge converters is presented with their importance in integrating hybrid power sources. Third, switching modes of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters are also presented with a degree of freedom of control. Forth, performance evaluation of voltage-fed and current-fed isolated bidirectional converters has been presented with an example. Their suitability in integrating fuel cells and photovoltaics with energy storage systems in low to medium-power applications is presented. © 2023, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Implementation of Coordinated Control and Power Flow Management Strategy for a Solar Powered EV Charging System
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Kanimozhi, K.; Koothu Kesavan, P.; Nagendrappa, N.; Balasubramanian, B.
This paper introduces a novel coordinated control and power flow management strategy (CC-PFMS) for a solar integrated electric vehicle (EV) charging system. The CC-PFMS is designed to have inherent power balance capability under various operating modes with multiple energy resources. Further, it will facilitate the direction of power flow from grid to battery or vice versa irrespective of the charger system dynamics. The main advantage of proposed strategy is to identify different conditions such as change in solar irradiance, vehicle availability and battery charging/discharging state and ensure the stable operation. The veracity of the new approach is tested on 1.5 kW charger system having photovoltaic (PV) source integrated with utility grid. The performance of CC-PFMS under various operating modes viz. grid to vehicle (G2V), vehicle to grid (V2G), PV to vehicle (PV2V), PV to grid (PV2G), G2V+PV2V, V2G+PV2G and PV2V+PV2G is substantiated through extensive MATLAB simulations. The experiments were also performed in the laboratory prototype to confirm the simulation findings and recorded results were presented. © 1975-2011 IEEE.
Magnetic Coupling Characteristics of Spiral Square - Circular Coupled Coils for Wireless EV Battery Charging System
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Kishan, D.; Vinod, M.; Nagendrappa, N.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining continuous interest due to higher efficiency than internal combustion engine vehicles, and environmentally friendly nature. Nowadays, most of the EV uses the conductive charging method to charge the battery. Besides that, wireless inductive charging technology for EV has recently received a great attention because of the advantages such as increased user convenience and safety. In this method of charging mutual inductance between the wireless inductive coils is the crucial factor. Hence, this paper describes the mutual inductance characteristics of the transmitter with spiral square - receiver with circular (i.e., interoperability spiral square and spiral circular of coils) at various vertical distances using FEM simulations. Â© 2020 IEEE.
Multiport Converters to Integrate Multiple Sources and Loads - A Review of Topologies
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Adarsh, S.; Nagendrappa, N.
With the increase in penetration of variety of renewable energy resources in the grid, energy storage systems are needed to balance power flow and improve the reliability of the system. A compact multiport converter supporting bidirectional power flow is a suitable candidate to interface multiple sources and loads. This paper reviews various multiport converter topologies in the literature. The multiport converters can be classified as isolated, partially isolated and non isolated converters. The converter topologies in each category are identified and reviewed. Their benefits and drawbacks are highlighted. Â© 2018 IEEE.
Performance evaluation of high-frequency CLL resonant DC–DC converter operated with phase-shift and modified PWM gating scheme: Analysis, design and implementation
(Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020) Patil, U.; Nagendrappa, N.
Normal phase-shift and modified pulse-width modulation gating schemes are proposed for a full bridge high-frequency capacitor–inductor–inductor (CLL) resonant DC–DC converter, and its performance is analysed in this study. Detailed modelling and the steady-state analysis of the converter are performed by using the fundamental harmonic approximation approach. Various modes of the converter operation with both the gating schemes are described and examined in detail. Zero-voltage switching of all the main switches is achieved by designing the resonant converter to operate in the above resonance mode. The optimum design of the converter is illustrated with the help of a flowchart and design curves. PSIM simulation is carried out and the experimental prototype is built to substantiate theoretical performance predictions. The simulation and experimental results are presented and compared. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020
Selective Lower Order Harmonic Elimination in DC-AC Converter Using Space Vector Approach
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Arumalla, R.T.; Figarado, S.; Panuganti, K.; Nagendrappa, N.
A novel space vector-based approach is introduced in this brief to selectively eliminate the lower order harmonics from the DC-AC converter output waveform by making use of double switching clamping sequences. This technique uses a volt-second balance for control of fundamental voltage while using the dwell time rearrangement of the active vector in a sub-cycle to obtain the elimination of fifth or seventh harmonics. Further, the closed-form expression of the dwell time-division coefficient (DTDC) for the active vector dwell time division rearrangement is expressed. The proposed PWM technique is compared with other space vector-based PWM techniques in terms of voltage weighted total harmonic distortion, switching power loss, and lower order harmonic magnitudes. Further, the experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed PWM techniques in terms of harmonic elimination. © 2004-2012 IEEE.