Browsing by Author "Muthu, M."

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Comprehensive analysis of Syzygium cumini L. pomace extract as an ?-amylase inhibitor: In vitro inhibition, kinetics, and computational studies
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Venkatramanan, V.; Balu, A.K.; Sinclair, B.J.; Perinbarajan, G.K.; Jenifer A, D.; Ganesan Sudha, H.; Arulvel, A.; Baskar, B.; Muthu, M.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) fruits and seeds have been traditionally used in Ayurveda to manage diabetes. While fruit and seed extracts have been extensively studied for their anti-?-amylase properties, pomace, a byproduct of juice extraction, remains under explored. This study investigated the ?-amylase inhibitory potential of jamun pomace (JP) extract by using in vitro and in silico methods. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC??) value of 85.68 ± 5.22 ?g/mL for the JP extract, comparable to acarbose (64.28 ± 7.15 ?g/mL). The extract exhibited mixed-mode inhibition, whereas acarbose showed competitive mode inhibition. At 10 ?g/mL, the Vmax of JP extract was half that of acarbose, demonstrating significant inhibition. GC–MS analysis identified 11 volatile compounds (R1–R11) in the JP extract. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ADMET analyses confirmed the chemical reactivity of the volatiles, drug-like properties, and low toxicity. Molecular docking revealed a high binding score for R11 (?8.0 kcal/mol), similar to acarbose (?8.2 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrated the stability of ?-amylase complexes with R11, R3, and R8, with R11 showing the lowest binding energy (?28.75 ± 6.25 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that R11 and JP extracts hold promise as anti-diabetic agents. Utilizing JP extract as a nutraceutical offers the dual benefit of diabetes management and sustainable waste valorization in jamun juice production. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
Effect of acid dopants in biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte and the performance in an electrochemical double layer capacitor
(Institute of Physics Publishing custserv@iop.org, 2015) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
Proton-conducting biodegradable gellan gum gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have been prepared using three different dopants, namely ortho-phosphoric (o-H3PO4), sulfuric (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acids (HCl). The GPEs were cross-linked using borax. The polymeric gels were characterized by spectroscopic, thermal, ionic conductivities and dielectric measurements. Proton conductivity was in the range of 5.1 × 10-3 to 3.7 × 10-4 s cm-1 and activation energies were between 0.14 meV and 0.19 meV, at different temperatures. Among the doped acids, the H3PO4 doped GPE exhibited thermal stability at varying temperature. Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) were fabricated using activated carbon as electrode material and GPEs. The EDLCs were tested using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance spectroscopic and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques. The maximum specific capacitance value was 146 F g-1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s-1. Quite stable values were obtained at a constant current density up to 1000 cycles. © 2015 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Enhanced flexibility and performance of interdigitated microsupercapacitors through in-situ rGO growth in NiCuSe nanocomposite conductive ink
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Saquib, M.; Nayak, R.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.; Rout, C.S.
Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are promising alternative power sources capable of meeting the growing demand for wearable and on-chip electronics due to their compact size, lightweight nature, exceptional charge-discharge rates, high power densities, and superior flexibility. However, a major challenge in current MSCs development lies in their limited energy density, high-cost, and time-intensive fabrication processes. This study focuses on fabricating flexible interdigitated printed MSCs using in-situ growth of reduced graphene oxide within nickel-copper selenide nanocomposite inks via screen printing. The eco-friendly ink formulation incorporates ethyl cellulose, diacetone alcohol, and a non-ionic surfactant to optimize printability, viscosity, and post-drying efficacy. The MSCs achieved a high areal capacitance of 756.3 mFcm?2 at 5 mVs?1, with energy densities of 84.4 µWcm?2 (symmetric) and 151.2 µWhcm?2 (asymmetric), and corresponding power densities of 406 mW cm?² and 1210 mW cm?². The printed devices retained 94.2 % of their capacitance on PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) substrates and exhibited excellent mechanical stability under bending, making them ideal for wearable electronics and flexible IoT applications. These results highlight the potential of the fabricated screen-printed MSCs, leveraging the optimized electrode material, as a high-performance and eco-friendly energy storage technology for next-generation flexible electronics. © 2025 The Authors
Enhancement and investigation of biodegradability of poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (vinyl chloride) by blending with biodegradable polymer
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
Presently, society needs an eco-friendlier alternative for non-biodegradable polymers, nonetheless, synthetic polymers have established the market because of cost and easy to manufacture. To address the challenge of reducing the lifetime of degradation of these polymers, the scope of blending natural biopolymers is effective. This paper focuses on confirming the effectiveness of biodegradation in the molecular level of polymer blends between synthetic polymers and biopolymers. The synthetic polymers such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) were blended with varying compositions of biodegradable cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Using dimethylformamide (DMF) the films of PMMA/CAB, PVC/CAB blends were prepared by the solution casting method. Four different methods for studying biodegradability of these blends, namely soil burial test, enzymatic degradation, activated sludge degradation followed by microbial degradation were performed. The confirmation of degradation was done by NMR, FTIR, and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) studies. Moreover, degradation analyses were determined by the weight loss method. Sufficient biodegradability was shown with an increase in CAB content in the blend. This work provides an approach for bringing about the degradation of synthetic polymers without much compromise on their properties. Also, the type of microorganisms that effectively degrades these polymer bends can be known. © 2022, The Author(s).
Facile solvothermal synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitor applications
(Higher Education Press, 2020) Sethi, M.; Shenoy, U.S.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
We report a green and facile approach for the synthesis of NiFe2O4 (NF) nanoparticles with good crystallinity. The prepared materials are studied by various techniques in order to know their phase structure, crystallinity, morphology and elemental state. The BET analysis revealed a high surface area of 80.0 m2·g?1 for NF possessing a high pore volume of 0.54 cm3·g?1, also contributing to the amelioration of the electrochemical performance. The NF sample is studied for its application in supercapacitors in an aqueous 2 mol·L?1 KOH electrolyte. Electrochemical properties are studied both in the three-electrode method and in a symmetrical supercapacitor cell. Results show a high specific capacitance of 478.0 F·g?1 from the CV curve at an applied scan rate of 5 mV·s?1 and 368.0 F·g?1 from the GCD analysis at a current density of 1 A·g?1 for the NF electrode. Further, the material exhibited an 88% retention of its specific capacitance after continuous 10000 cycles at a higher applied current density of 8 A·g?1. These encouraging properties of NF nanoparticles suggest the practical applicability in high-performance supercapacitors. © 2020, Higher Education Press.
Formulation and optimization of Ni-MOF/CuSe nanocomposite ink for high-performance flexible microsupercapacitor
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Saquib, M.; Muthu, M.; Nayak, R.; Prakash, A.; Sudhakar, Y.N.; SenthilKumar, S.; Bhat, D.K.
The growth of flexible and wearable electronics drives progress in printed, flexible micro-supercapacitors for energy storage. This study fabricates flexible and foldable micro-supercapacitors using a nanocomposite of Ni-based Metal-Organic Framework (Ni-MOF) and copper selenide (CuSe). The conductive ink, blending Ni-MOF and CuSe, ensures thorough mixing for screen-printing. The resulting devices exhibit impressive electrochemical performance, with the NC-5 FAS device showing high areal capacitance, promising energy density and (3.65 mWhcm?2 and power density (73.8 mWcm?2). Integration into a 3D enclosure configuration enhances performance, with improved capacitance, energy density (47.08 mWhcm?2) and power density and outstanding power density (985.8 mWcm?2), maintaining capacitance retention of the 93.9 % and with highly robust mechanical durability during flexibility tests. This study highlights tailored nanocomposite's potential to revolutionize flexible and foldable energy storage, advancing high-performance, portable electronics. © 2024
h-MoO 3 /Activated carbon nanocomposites for electrochemical applications
(Institute for Ionics ww@tf.uni-kiel.de, 2019) Sangeetha, D.N.; Krishna Bhat, D.; Muthu, M.
MoO 3 nanorods were synthesized through the microwave method and the nanocomposites of MoO 3 /activated carbon were prepared for supercapacitor and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The XRD pattern revealed that the prepared MoO 3 has a hexagonal phase (h-MoO 3 ). The as-prepared h-MoO 3 was composited with activated carbon (AC) and tested for supercapacitor studies. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibited an appreciable specific capacitance, power density, and energy densities. Further, dedoping of nitrogen in the doped AC creates defects on AC (DAC). These DAC/MoO 3 nanocomposites were prepared and tested for its electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reactions. DAC/MoO 3 nanocomposite showed much higher electrocatalytic activity than the neat MoO 3 . [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
High power density and improved H2 evolution reaction on MoO3/Activated carbon composite
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Sangeetha, D.N.; Holla, R.S.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.; Muthu, M.
The formation of hexagonal MoO3 (h- MoO3) microrods was favoured at lower pH in the hydrothermal synthesis method. Symmetric and Hybrid supercapacitors were fabricated using h-MoO3/plastic bottle derived activated carbon (PAC) composite in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The operating voltage for the aqueous electrolyte was maximized to 1.6 V with this combination. The wide operating voltage led to a maximum specific capacitance of 211 Fg-1, power density of 287 W kg?1 and 79% efficiency even at 5000 charge-discharge cycles for the hybrid supercapacitor combination. The combined effect of PAC micropores along with the 1-D rod-shaped h-MoO3, helped in faster charge-transfer, hence increasing the efficiency of supercapacitors. Further, the composites of defective PAC (PDAC) together with the h-MoO3 when tested for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), provided lesser onset potential and Tafel slope values of ?0.23 mV and ?93 mVdec?1. There was a change in the structural environment of carbon due to the heteroatom doping and dedoping producing defects in PAC, termed as PDAC. These defects together with the hexagonal microrods of MoO3 provided fast electron transfer towards hydrogen adsorption/desorption hence effectively producing H2. © 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Improving hydrogen evolution reaction and capacitive properties on CoS/MoS2 decorated carbon fibers
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Sangeetha, D.N.; Krishna Bhat, D.; Senthil Kumar, S.; Muthu, M.
We report a facile method to transform abundantly dumped banana stem fibers into carbon fibers (CFs) useful for energy applications. The CFs surface area is increased by varying the quantity of KOH activation to 488 m2g-1. The solvothermal method is used to synthesize CoS, CoS/MoS2 and also grown on the activated carbon fibers (ACFs). Nano nodules of CoS arranged into sheets and layers of MoS2 stacked together were found in FESEM analysis. The morphology of the CoS/MoS2 differs when grown on ACFs. The growth of CoS/MoS2 along the ACFs length prevents any stacking of the pseudocapacitance materials. The ternary composite ACFs/CoS/MoS2 exhibits superior supercapacitor behavior as well as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to the synergetic effect of the conducting ACF surface and redox active CoS/MoS2. A maximum specific capacitance of 733 Fg-1, energy and power density of 33 WhKg?1 and 999 WKg-1 respectively are obtained. A low Tafel slope value of 61 mVdec?1 is obtained for the ACFs/CoS/MoS2 ternary composite electrode. The present work therefore offers a fresh insight into the effective conversion of waste materials into electrode material for energy storage and conversion applications. © 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Investigations on thermo-mechanical properties of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites for packaging application
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
Eco-friendly packing polymer materials are in the spotlight but, lack of new biodegradable polymers either natural or synthetic is yet to establish the market more competitively. So, in the present work, clay as a nano-filler is embedded and organically modified in some synthetic and natural polymers which are well established commercially to enhance their biodegradability. The impact of clay on the properties of synthetic polymers namely, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and natural polymer cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was studied. Results from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites (PCC) than pure polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a uniform surface with small-sized crystallites distributed on the polymer surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed the formation of enhanced intercalated structures in PCC. Furthermore, FTIR studies showed that the interlayer bonding (Si–O bands) of pure clay is deformed in PCCs. The tensile strength of PCC increased with an increase in organo-clay loading. This unique mechanical behavior is due to the agglomeration of organo-clay particles. Finally, the biodegradation studies revealed enhanced hydrolytic degradation in PCC than pure polymers. Hence, these PCCs are environmentally friendlier than their pure synthetic polymers without significant compromise in their properties, which makes it suitable for packaging industries. © The Author(s) 2020.
Ionic conductivity and dielectric studies of acid doped cellulose acetate propionate solid electrolyte for supercapacitor
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2016) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Bhat, D.; Muthu, M.
Phosphoric acid doped cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as plasticizer was investigated. Ionic conductivities and dielectric studies were carried at different temperature with varying concentration of H3PO4 using AC impedance method. The highest conductivity was 8.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 343 K and a long tail was featured in dielectric studies indicating good capacitance nature of the electrolyte. Interactions between added constituents were observed in FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Thin and compact fabricated supercapacitor demonstrated specific capacitance of 64 F g-1 using cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the supercapacitor properties like AC impedance and charge-discharge were studied. Stability was up to 96% at 1000th cycle. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:196-203, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers.
LiClO4-doped plasticized chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) blend as biodegradable polymer electrolyte for supercapacitors
(Institute for Ionics, 2013) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
Biodegradable polymer electrolyte comprising the blend of chitosan (CS) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticized with ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, as host polymer, and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), as a dopant, was prepared by solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity has been calculated using the bulk impedance obtained through impedance spectroscopy. The variation of conductivity and dielectric properties has been investigated as a function of polymer blend ratio, plasticizer content and LiClO4 concentration at temperature range of 298-343 K. The DSC thermograms show two broad peaks for CS/PEG blend and increased with increase in the LiClO4 content. The maximum conductivity has been found to be 1. 1 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature for 70:30 (CS/PEG) concentration. The electric modulus of the electrolyte film exhibits a long tail feature indicative of good capacitance. The activation energy of all samples was calculated using the Arrhenius plot, and it has been found to be 0. 12 to 0. 38 eV. A carbon-carbon supercapacitor has been fabricated using this electrolyte, and its electrochemical characteristics and performance have been studied. The supercapacitor showed a fairly good specific capacitance of 47 F g-1. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
Lithium salts doped biodegradable gel polymer electrolytes for supercapacitor application
(Universite Mohammed Premier Oujda jmaterenvironsci@gmail.com, 2015) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.
A biodegradable gel polymer (GPE) consisting of Xanthan gum (XG), glycerol, lithium salts like lithium perchlorate and lithium tetraborate were prepared. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal and scanning electron microscopy characterizations the interactions between the components in the gel matrix were studied. Furthermore, a unique electrochemical property was exhibited by GPEs as measured by AC impedance and dielectric studies. The role of anion in the enhancement of conductivity was important in the present study and highest conductivity of 6.4×10-2 S cm-1 at 333K was achieved among lithium salts. Supercapacitor was fabricated using GPE and tested for its electrochemical properties. Supercapacitor showed specific capacitance of was 82 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 for Li2B4O7 and 74 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1. specific energy and specific power. Galvanostatic charge-discharge studies showed excellent cyclic stability.
Microwave synthesized nanostructured TiO 2 -activated carbon composite electrodes for supercapacitor
(Elsevier B.V., 2012) Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
Electrochemical properties of a supercapacitor based on nanocomposite electrodes of activated carbon with TiO 2 nano particles synthesized by a microwave method have been determined. The TiO 2 /activated carbon nanocomposite electrode with a composition of 1:3 showed a specific capacitance 92 Fg -1 . The specific capacitance of the electrode decreased with increase in titanium dioxide content. The p/p symmetrical supercapacitor fabricated with TiO 2 /activated carbon composite electrodes showed a specific capacitance of 122 Fg -1 . The electrochemical behavior of the neat TiO 2 nanoparticles has also been studied for comparison purpose. The galvanostatic charge-discharge test of the fabricated supercapacitor showed that the device has good coulombic efficiency and cycle life. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitor was stable up to 5000 cycles at current densities of 2, 4, 6 and 7 mA cm -2 . © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Miscibility studies of chitosan and starch blends in buffer solution
(2012) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Holla, S.R.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
The miscibility of chitosan (CS) and starch in buffer solution (CH 3COOH and CH 3COONa) has been investigated by viscosity, density and refractive index methods at 303K, 313K, and 323K. Various interaction parameters such as polymer-polymer and blend-solvent interaction parameters and heat of mixing have been calculated using viscosity and density data. The results indicated the existence of positive interactions in the blend polymer solutions and that they are miscible below 40% of starch compositions. The study also revealed that variation of temperature does have significant effect on the miscibility of chitosan and starch blends. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Miscibility studies of starch and poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) blend system
(Sphinx Knowledge House info@sphinxsai.com, 2014) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Bhat, D.; Muthu, M.
Polymeric solutions were prepared using blends of starch with poly(4-styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) in water and their miscibility was determined by viscosity studies at 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C. Using interaction parameters such as Krigbaum’s (?b), Hong’s (?kAB), Chee’s (?), Sun’s (?), polymer-polymer, blend-solvent and heat of mixing there was the existence of positive interactions in the blend polymer solutions only up to 80% PSSA content. A significant variation of miscibility was observed with increase in temperature in the sample containing 70% PSSA content. Polymer blend films obtained by solution casting showed hydrogen bonding in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies also supported the results. A uniform surface of the miscible blend films were observed in scanning electron microscopy images, whereas segregation was observed for the immiscible blends. © 2014, Sphinx Knowledge House. All Rights Reserved.
Preparation and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped hydroxyethyl cellulose electrolyte for use in supercapacitor
(SpringerOpen, 2015) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
A new borax cross-linked biodegradable solid polymer electrolyte based on hydroxyethyl cellulose and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) was prepared. Characterizations of doped and undoped SPE were done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and electrochemical studies. The ionic conductivity of the films increased with increase in acid concentration and the ionic conductivity obtained at 303 K was 4.1 × 10-3 S cm-1. Furthermore, effects of acid concentration on ionic conductivity and activation energy were discussed. Dielectric studies showed long tail-like feature indicating capacitive nature. A supercapacitor was fabricated and its electrochemical characteristics were studied. The supercapacitor showed a fairly good specific capacitance of 83 F g-1 at 2 mV s-1 and galvanostatic charge-discharge studies showed the mirror-like pattern with 98 % columbic efficiency. Cyclic stability was measured up to 2000 cycles. © 2015 The Author(s).
Reduced graphene oxide derived from used cell graphite and its green fabrication as an eco-friendly supercapacitor
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.; Senthil Kumar, S.
Graphite extracted from a used primary cell was converted into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using calcium carbonate together with rapid and local Joule heating by microwave irradiation. Electrodes were prepared by ultrasonically dispersing rGO in biodegradable poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) binder and coating this on recyclable poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) sheet using a low cost screen printing technique. The use of the same polymer (PVP) as a binder, in addition to as the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), enhances the compatibility and ionic conductivity of the hydrophobic rGO electrode in the supercapacitor system. Further, the phosphoric acid (H3PO4)-doped biodegradable SPE was screen printed for the first time on the rGO electrodes. Ionic conductivity and dielectric studies of the SPE were carried out at different temperatures and different dopant acid concentrations. The morphology, composition and structure of the graphene electrode components were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed a single layer or a few layers of rGO sheets and selected area electron diffraction showed the presence of slight defects. The fabricated environmentally friendly, industrially favorable and green supercapacitor showed a specific capacitance of 201 F g-1 and cyclic stability with 97% retention of the initial capacitance over 2000 cycles. Furthermore, the performance of this green supercapacitor is comparable to that of those fabricated using rGO synthesized from commercial graphite and in other literature reports. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Supercapacitor studies of activated carbon functionalized with poly(ethylene dioxythiophene): Effects of surfactants, electrolyte concentration on electrochemical properties
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Krishna Bhat, D.; Karazhanov, S.; Raghu, R.
Electropolymerization of poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on activated carbon (AC) was performed using different surfactants such as anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), protonic surfactant (camphor sulphonic acid) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton) in 0.1 M H2SO4. The effects of concentration of different surfactants for electrodeposition of PEDOT on AC were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and SEM techniques. Supercapacitors (SC) were fabricated using AC/PEDOT composite electrodes and 0.1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The specific capacitance (Cs) values were calculated using CV at different concentrations of surfactants, electrolytes and variation of potential. The electrolyte containing 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.02 M camphor sulphonic acid showed to have the highest specific capacitance value of 240 Fg?1 than other surfactant based SCs. Galvanostatic charge/discharge at varying current density were performed on SCs containing different surfactant based electrodes to study their cyclic stability. © 2020
Tubular array, dielectric, conductivity and electrochemical properties of biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte
(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Sudhakar, Y.N.; Muthu, M.; Bhat, D.K.
A supercapacitor based on a biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) has been fabricated using guar gum (GG) as the polymer matrix, LiClO4 as the doping salt and glycerol as the plasticizer. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the gel polymer showed an unusual tubular array type surface morphology. FTIR, DSC and TGA results of the GPE indicated good interaction between the components used. Highest ionic conductivity and lowest activation energy values were 2.2 × 10-3 S cm-1 and 0.18 eV, respectively. Dielectric studies revealed ionic behavior and good capacitance with varying frequency of the GPE system. The fabricated supercapacitor showed a maximum specific capacitance value of 186 F g -1 using cyclic voltammetry. Variation of temperature from 273 K to 293 K did not significantly influence the capacitance values obtained from AC impedance studies. Galvanostatic charge-discharge study of supercapacitor indicated that the device has good stability, high energy density and power density. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.