Browsing by Author "Marathe, S."

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Effect of gradation and waste plastic on performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA)
(2018) Mithanthaya, I.R.; Marathe, S.; Ravi, Shankar, A.U.
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded blend which possesses a high deliberation coarse aggregate framework with stone-to-stone contact along with a high binder content which adds flexibility and durability of the mix. The SMA is associate with the drain down of binder during mixing, transporting and laying of the mix. In sequence to prevent this and to improve the mix characteristics, it was proposed to study the properties of SMA by modifying it by adding waste plastics. Hence, stability, flow value, percentage drain down, and rutting characteristics of SMA mixes having different proportions of waste plastic were studied. Initially, it was decided on the basis of highest value of bulk density i.e., Chinese and Indian gradation of aggregates were selected. The Marshall Tests were conducted to find out Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) with different proportions of bitumen and plastic content. Further, the drain down tests and rutting test using Immersion Wheel Tracking Device were also conducted on the SMA specimens at Optimum Plastic Content (OPC). From Marshall Test, for the SMA of Chinese gradation, OPC was found to be 8.0%, and that for Indian gradation it was 6.0% plastic content, respectively. Addition of waste plastic to the SMA leads to a decrease in the drain down value and satisfies the condition for both the gradations. Also, the rutting intensity was observed to be 42 per-cent greater for Indian gradation, when contrasted to that of Chinese gradation. Overall, Chinese gradation has shown the better results than the Indian gradation. IAEME Publication.
Effect of gradation and waste plastic on performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA)
(IAEME Publication iaemedu@gmail.com, 2018) Mithanthaya, I.R.; Marathe, S.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded blend which possesses a high deliberation coarse aggregate framework with stone-to-stone contact along with a high binder content which adds flexibility and durability of the mix. The SMA is associate with the drain down of binder during mixing, transporting and laying of the mix. In sequence to prevent this and to improve the mix characteristics, it was proposed to study the properties of SMA by modifying it by adding waste plastics. Hence, stability, flow value, percentage drain down, and rutting characteristics of SMA mixes having different proportions of waste plastic were studied. Initially, it was decided on the basis of highest value of bulk density i.e., Chinese and Indian gradation of aggregates were selected. The Marshall Tests were conducted to find out Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) with different proportions of bitumen and plastic content. Further, the drain down tests and rutting test using Immersion Wheel Tracking Device were also conducted on the SMA specimens at Optimum Plastic Content (OPC). From Marshall Test, for the SMA of Chinese gradation, OPC was found to be 8.0%, and that for Indian gradation it was 6.0% plastic content, respectively. Addition of waste plastic to the SMA leads to a decrease in the drain down value and satisfies the condition for both the gradations. Also, the rutting intensity was observed to be 42 per-cent greater for Indian gradation, when contrasted to that of Chinese gradation. Overall, Chinese gradation has shown the better results than the Indian gradation. © IAEME Publication.
Establishing relationships for strength characteristics of lateritic soils with varying silt fractions
(2016) Kumar, A.; George, V.; Marathe, S.
Design and construction of highway embankments constitute a major component of highway engineering science. Poor sub-grade strength, overloading due to traffic loads, and seismic vibrations can cause distress to pavement sub-grades and embankments. Inadequate compaction and poor sub soil drainage, in addition to low bearing strength of soils cause failure of embankments especially in submersible regions. The present study is focused on performing investigations on the engineering properties of lateritic and lithomargic soils and the effect of fines on soil strength. Tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), tests for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and tri-axial tests are carried to study the strength behavior of soil on addition of lithomargic soils. Additionally, the development of regressions will help field engineers in estimating the value of the CBR based on simple laboratory experiments such as Unconfined Compression strength test, and the Triaxial test. 2016 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Establishing relationships for strength characteristics of lateritic soils with varying silt fractions
(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2016) Kumar, A.; George, V.; Marathe, S.
Design and construction of highway embankments constitute a major component of highway engineering science. Poor sub-grade strength, overloading due to traffic loads, and seismic vibrations can cause distress to pavement sub-grades and embankments. Inadequate compaction and poor sub soil drainage, in addition to low bearing strength of soils cause failure of embankments especially in submersible regions. The present study is focused on performing investigations on the engineering properties of lateritic and lithomargic soils and the effect of fines on soil strength. Tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), tests for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and tri-axial tests are carried to study the strength behavior of soil on addition of lithomargic soils. Additionally, the development of regressions will help field engineers in estimating the value of the CBR based on simple laboratory experiments such as Unconfined Compression strength test, and the Triaxial test. © 2016 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Graphene oxide as nano-material in developing sustainable concrete – A brief review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Akarsh, P.K.; Shrinidhi, D.; Marathe, S.; Bhat, A.K.
Nanomaterials are the most happening research field in material science. Hydration of cement grains and nano pore filling actions in cement matrix occurring at microscopic levels is greatly benefited by the superior surface area, aspect ratios, size, and greater mechanical characteristics of nano sized materials. Many researchers have used nanoparticles as cementitious materials in concrete. Graphene oxide (GO) is one among many nanomaterials with one of its sides in nano sized measurement and the other two sides are on a bigger scale. One of the advantages of GO over other nanoparticles is that the oxygen functionalities and can be easily dispersed under an aqueous medium. This paper sheds light on brief information about nanotechnology, nanomaterials application in concrete, characterization of GO, and various key researches in the usage of GO in producing concrete of desirable properties. Mainly, GO increases the performance of the resulting cement concrete by creating a strong covalent bond with hydration results like C-S-H. Using polycarboxylate ether and silica fumes the dispersion properties can be effectively improved without forming GO agglomerates. High-Performance cement concrete mixes can be produced by making GO form great bonds with other admixtures. © 2021
Incorporation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash to investigate the mechanical behavior of Stone Mastic Asphalt
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Akarsh, P.K.; Ganesh, G.O.; Marathe, S.; Rai, R.
Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is one kind of new generation gap graded hot mix asphalt with higher content of asphalt with coarse aggregate proportions. The stone-on-stone interlock in SMA makes it superior rut resistant mix and favorable in adverse conditions. The usage of conventional fillers in SMA will lead to the creation of many environmental nuisances and entail additional cost during the production. The use of industrial by-products in the place of the conventional filler can be proven favorable to overcome enhanced production cost of SMA. In the present research work, one such largely produced industrial waste called, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) is used as a filler in SMA by replacing conventional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) filler, and the engineering performances and cost effectiveness is examined. The SMA mixes were cast with 6.25% optimum binder content are varied with SBA of 2.5% (ACS1), 5.0% (ACS2), 7.5% (ACS3) and 10% (ACS4) by weight of the mix as filler and the results were compared with conventional SMA mix (ACS0). The results showed that, the inclusion of SBA demonstrated superior performances indicating the enhanced stiffness of mix (in terms of Marshall and flow characteristics). Moisture resistance of the SMA mix was improved up to 7.5% SBA replacement. Further, the drain-down test results revealed that, SBA can be effectively used as stabilizing agent. The mix ACS 1 and ACS2 shown a minimum rut depth in reference with ACS0. The mix with 5% SBA resists more number of repetitive loads than all the mix tested. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Investigations on Bio-enzyme Stabilized Pavement Subgrades of Lateritic, Lithomargic and Blended Soils
(Springer, 2023) Marathe, S.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.
The pavement is a structure, which is laid to support the wheel load and to spread the load stress to a wider area on the top of the soil subgrade. The process of changing the engineering properties of natural soil, to improve its strength, bearing capacity and other engineering properties by the addition of suitable stabilizer and admixture is collectively known as stabilization of soil. It is very much essential to improve the soil strength, bearing capacity and other engineering properties to sustain the loads acting on the pavement. By modifying the subgrade soil properties, the crust thickness of the pavement reduces. This paper focuses on the effect of TerraZyme stabilization on three types of major soils available in the coastal Karnataka region. The study deals with the improvement in the engineering properties of these soils after subjecting to TerraZyme chemical stabilization. Initially, tests were carried out to study the mechanical properties like compaction, permeability, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR value). Further, the effect additions of TerraZyme chemical in various dosages to soil were observed in terms of their modified proctor compaction, UCS and CBR values. The curing effect on UCS and CBR was investigated. The structural design of pavement for the high-volume roads (as per IRC:37-2018) is proposed by strengthening the conventional subgrade soil layer with TerraZyme and the pavement analysis is carried out. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering.
Investigations on Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixes by Utilizing Slag and Cellulose Fiber
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Marathe, S.; Akarsh, P.K.; Bhat, A.K.; Mahesh Kumar, M.
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) has become one of the most admired Asphalt Pavement layers due to its superior deformation-resistant capacity through a coarse stone skeleton providing more stone-on-stone contact than the other Dense Graded Asphalt (DGA) mixes. SMA has proved superior on heavily trafficked roads and in industrial applications. SMA has distinct advantages as a Surfacing, due to its potential for high resistance to fatigue and rutting. In the present study, the SMA specimens were prepared by incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as filler and the Marshall properties were studied. Further, for the optimum Marshall mix (containing 2.5% of GGBS), the cellulose fiber was added. The results have shown that the maximum strength was obtained for the SMA mix containing 7% of bitumen content with 2.5% of GGBFS and 0.3% of cellulose fiber. Â© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Properties of Rejuvenated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures with Waste Glass Powder and Sisal Fibers for Pavements
(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2025) Marathe, S.; Akarsh, A.P.; Bhat, A.K.
By exploring the usage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures in pavement construction, this study fills a substantial gap in the literature. The research includes a number of experimental investigations ranging from enhancing binder qualities to efficiently using waste engine oil (WEO) as a rejuvenator, as well as detailed performance evaluations using waste glass in powdered form. RAP materials were meticulously graded to provide stone matrix asphalt compositions. Throughout the study, a reinforcing supplement of 0.30% sisal fiber was utilized. The determination of optimal (fresh) binder content (OBC) of 3.50% and the selection of a lowered OBC of 2.50% with the adding of 20% WEO rejuvenator are among the preliminary key results. The study also effectively modified RAP mixes by including waste glass powder (WGP) as a mineral additive, yielding an optimal dose of 5.0% for a selected RAP mix. Performance testing on the improved RAP mixtures produced remarkable results. The Marshall stability value was increased by 20% with 5.0% WGP content. The Marshall quotient constantly fell between 2 and 5 kN=mm, which is the desired range. Tensile strength ratios often crossed 80%, and the drain-down potential was decreased by the use of WGP drastically. The combination with a 5.0% WGP content excelled the control mixture in rutting and fatigue testing and had a maximum retained Marshall stability of 93.1%. Additionally, pavement design utilizing Indian Roads Congress criteria demonstrated the viability of building pavements for low-volume roads using RAP mixtures in an efficient and sustainable manner. This study highlights the utilization of RAP to achieve sustainability in pavement building, offering a viable approach to bituminous pavement rehabilitation. © 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Stabilized Lithomargic Soil Subgrades for Low Volume Road Design Using Industrial Wastes
(Springer, 2024) Marathe, S.; Bhat, A.K.; Ashmitha, N.M.; Akarsh, P.K.
Lithomargic soil is considered a major group of “residual soil” which is identified as a problematic soil in the coastline region of Karnataka state of India. Previous studies reveal that the soil will cause several serious pavement deterioration problems when used as a pavement material. The present study focuses on the stabilization of this problematic shedi soil to make it suitable as a pavement subgrade material using fly ash (FA) and copper slag (CS) additives as stabilizers. In this investigation, various geotechnical properties were investigated to study the improvements in the mechanical soil properties with different percentages of FA and CS additions. For this investigation, relevant Indian standard (IS) codal guidelines were used. Initially, the effect of CS is studied by adding the various trial dosages of the CS from 0 to 50% (by weight) to the soil. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test revealed that the soil sample with 25% of CS has shown satisfactory results. Further, by maintaining the 25% CS dosage as constant, the FA dosage was introduced at an increment interval of 2% (by weight). The IS light compaction and UCS results revealed that a 6% dosage of FA had led to maximum strength gain. The improved mechanical performance includes an improvement in standard maximum proctor density from 15.22 to 18.16 kN/m3, soaked CBR value from 2.40 to 10.51%, and UCS value from 93 to 312 kPa. Further, the developments in the UCS and california bearing ratio (CBR) were studied by subjecting the virgin and modified soil to sustained desiccator curing at different intervals up to 56 days, the corresponding results indicated a strength gain of about 22% for the modified lithomargic soil. The durability tests were performed by subjecting the UCS specimens to alternate wetting–drying conditions and alternate freezing–thawing cycles. The test results were compared with that of the un-modified shedi soil. The test results were satisfactory for the application as the pavement subgrade material. The pavement design for the low-volume roads has been carried out using IRC: SP-72 guidelines and the pavement analysis is carried out using KENPAVE software. The results indicate that the use of 25% of CS along with 6% of FA in lithomargic soil could lead to a reduction of 46.15% of design pavement thickness and a reduced maximum deflection value upon stabilization. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering 2023.
Synergistic effects of natural fibres and agro-waste ash on the engineering and sustainability of stone-matrix asphalt mixes
(KeAi Communications Co., 2025) Akarsh, P.K.; Marathe, S.; Sapal, H.K.; Akshaya Krishna, N.
This study investigates the use of non-traditional natural fibres, specifically sisal plant fibres (SF) and coconut coir coir fibres (CCF), in Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. The objective was to evaluate the optimal binder content, assess Marshall properties, and investigate drain-down, indirect tensile strength, fatigue, and rutting characteristics of the SMA mixes. Additionally, the study explores the use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), an agro-waste, as a substitute for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), aiming to promote sustainability and waste management optimization. The research identified the optimal SMA mix with a 0.30% fibre dosage and 10% SBA, demonstrating favorable mechanical properties with Marshall stability and tensile strength ratio exceeding 90%, alongside satisfactory rutting and fatigue performance. The results showed that SF and CCF provided comparable, or even superior, performance to traditional cellulose fibres (CF), positioning them as sustainable alternatives for pavement construction. Further, a Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was conducted on conventional and modified SMA mixes, revealing substantial long-term economic benefits. Although SMA mixes incurred slightly higher initial costs, their superior durability and reduced maintenance needs resulted in a 13.6% cost reduction for SMA-CCF and 11.1% for SMA-SF over a 20-year period. Environmental assessments confirmed that substituting synthetic fibres and OPC with SF, CCF, and SBA substantially lowered carbon emissions and enhanced sustainability, with reductions in Global Warming Potential of up to 50%. These findings highlight the potential of natural fibres and SBA in reducing costs and environmental impacts, offering a sustainable solution for future pavement construction. © 2025 Tongji University and Tongji University Press