Browsing by Author "Manu, B."

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Adsorption mechanism of emerging and conventional phenolic compounds on graphene oxide nanoflakes in water
(2018) Catherine, H.N.; Ou, M.-H.; Manu, B.; Shih, Y.-H.
Emerging contaminants (ECs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) have gained immense attention worldwide due to their potential threat to humans and environment. Graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial is considered as an important sorbent due to its exceptional range of environmental application owing to its unique properties. GO was also considered as one of ECs because of its potential hazard. The adsorption of organic contaminants such as phenolic ECs on GO affects the stability of GO nanoflakes in water and the fate of organic contaminants, which would cause further environmental risk. Therefore, the adsorption behaviors of emerging and common phenolic compounds (PCs) including phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 4-NP, BPA and TBBPA on GO nanoflakes and their stability in water were studied. The adsorption equilibrium for all the compounds was reached <10 h and was fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. In addition to hydrophobic effect, adsorption mechanisms included ?-? bonding and hydrogen bonding interactions between the adsorbate and GO, especially the electrostatic interactions were observed. Phenol has the highest adsorption affinity due to the formation of hydrogen bond. GO has a good stability in water even after the adsorption of PCs in the presence of a common electrolyte, which could affect its transport with organic contaminants in the environment. These better understandings illustrate the mechanism of emerging and common PC interaction with GO nanoflakes and facilitate the prediction of the contaminant fate in the aquatic environment. 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Adsorption mechanism of emerging and conventional phenolic compounds on graphene oxide nanoflakes in water
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Catherine, H.N.; Ou, M.-H.; Manu, B.; Shih, Y.-H.
Emerging contaminants (ECs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) have gained immense attention worldwide due to their potential threat to humans and environment. Graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial is considered as an important sorbent due to its exceptional range of environmental application owing to its unique properties. GO was also considered as one of ECs because of its potential hazard. The adsorption of organic contaminants such as phenolic ECs on GO affects the stability of GO nanoflakes in water and the fate of organic contaminants, which would cause further environmental risk. Therefore, the adsorption behaviors of emerging and common phenolic compounds (PCs) including phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 4-NP, BPA and TBBPA on GO nanoflakes and their stability in water were studied. The adsorption equilibrium for all the compounds was reached <10 h and was fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. In addition to hydrophobic effect, adsorption mechanisms included ?-? bonding and hydrogen bonding interactions between the adsorbate and GO, especially the electrostatic interactions were observed. Phenol has the highest adsorption affinity due to the formation of hydrogen bond. GO has a good stability in water even after the adsorption of PCs in the presence of a common electrolyte, which could affect its transport with organic contaminants in the environment. These better understandings illustrate the mechanism of emerging and common PC interaction with GO nanoflakes and facilitate the prediction of the contaminant fate in the aquatic environment. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Aerobic sludge granulation and enhanced dicamba removal efficiency in the presence of AQS redox mediator in a lab-scale anaerobic-aerobic treatment method
(Elsevier, 2021) Basappa, M.G.; Manu, B.
The biodegrading of dicamba was conducted using the anaerobic-aerobic technique for influent concentrations 60-100 mg/L over 187 days of operation. The reactors were stabilized using starch and acclimated to 40 mg/L of dicamba. Dicamba and starch was fed to the anaerobic reactor. Effluent was collected after a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and analyzed in gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry to detect the biotransformation products. High concentration of benzoates, esters, and fatty acid groups were detected in the anaerobic reactor. Effluent of anaerobic reactor contained high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration 400-750 mg/L, which was then fed to the aerobic reactor. After aerobic posttreatment, the overall dicamba and COD removal obtained were >85 and 92% respectively. The aerobic reactor developed a thick granular biomass of up to 7 mm in size, which indicates the bacterial adaptation and hence attainment of stable reactor performance. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Anaerobic co-digestion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with starch followed by aerobic post-treatment and identification of dominant bacteria
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Mahesh, G.B.; Manu, B.
This study was conducted to investigate the new method comprising of sequential anaerobic followed by aerobic batch reactor treatment for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The various parameters influencing on the anaerobic digestion like pH, temperature, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) have been monitored during the 60Â days study period. pH range of 6.5â€“7.2, temperature greater than 31.4Â Â°C and ORP values between âˆ’250 and âˆ’300Â mV have reported better reactor performance with high 2,4-D removal and biogas production. The complete biotransformation of 2,4-D in the anaerobic reactor is indicated by disappearance of intensity peak in the high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) report, high biogas production of 12â€“18% than control and COD removal efficiency of 99%. Dominant bacterial community in the sludge was identified using SEM images. The results of this study indicate that anaerobic reactor and aerobic post-treatment method can make the treatment highly efficient. Â© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.
Assessing the effectiveness of electrocoagulation, ozonation and Fenton's oxidation for the treatment of phenalkamine condensate: A comparative study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Aswathy, K.R.; Joshy, A.; Biju, A.; Manu, B.; Surenjan, A.
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of three Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), Electrocoagulation (EC), ozonation and Fenton's oxidation for the treatment of real phenalkamine condensate. Three methods were compared based on COD removal efficiency. Phenalkamines are the Mannich reaction product of cardanol, formaldehyde, and amines. These are widely used in coatings for marine and offshore constructions and as curing agents in industrial adhesives. Cardanol is a derivative obtained by thermal treatment of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The effluent from the cashew nut industry consists of phenolic compounds of high persistence, and they are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. The phenalkamine condensate has high pH, high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Fenton oxidation showed the highest COD removal efficiency, with maximum efficiency of 80 % and 94 % achieved after the first stage and five stage Fenton's oxidation respectively at optimized operating conditions. In comparison, EC process and ozonation resulted maximum COD removal efficiency of 54.26 % and 30.64 % respectively at optimum reaction conditions. This study revealed that Fenton's oxidation is the most effective method for the treatment of phenalkamine condensate. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Assessment of traffic-related PAH in various environmental components and its associated health risk at a highway Toll Plaza
(Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2024) Charly, T.; Manu, B.; Mulangi, R.H.
Introduction: This study investigated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from road traffic at the Surathkal toll plaza, in Karnataka, India. It focuses on two phases: when the toll station operated (Phase 1: January 2020 – March 2020) and when it was inactive (Phase 2: January 2023 – March 2023). Materials and methods: The research examines Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentration, its elemental analysis, and various PAH concentrations in it during both phases. Ultrasonic extraction and Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis were used to study 16 priority PAHs recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), identifying eight in samples like SPM, soot, and green leaves. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPOES) analysed 14 elements in SPM. Results: Results revealed higher PAH concentration during Phase 2, indicating that the presence of toll structure negatively affects air quality even when inactive. In contrast, SPM and its elements had higher mean concentrations during Phase 1, suggesting an inverse relationship between SPM and PAH levels. PAH diagnostic ratios showed different sources for each phase, including gasoline, diesel, fossil fuel, coal/biomass, and pyrogenic sources. Comprehensive health risk assessment using BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) to estimate Inhalation Life-time Cancer Risk (ILCR), revealed an increased risk during both phases (0.045 during Phase 1 and 0.134 during Phase 2), higher than acceptable risk level (1×10-6). Conclusion: This research underscores the toll plaza's significant influence on air quality and calls for the development of mitigation measures. © 2024 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Bacteriological synthesis of iron hydroxysulfate using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and its application in ametryn degradation by Fenton's oxidation process
(2019) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.
The investigation reports the application of biogenic jarosite, an iron hydroxy sulfate mineral in Fenton's Oxidation process. Ametryn, a herbicide detrimental to aquatic life and also to human is treated by Fenton's oxidation process using synthesized iron mineral, jarosite. The jarosite synthesis was carried out by using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial strain with ferrous as an iron supplement. The isolated strain was characterized by molecular techniques and biooxidation activity to ferrous to ferric iron was checked. On Fenton's treatment ametryn degradation upto 84.9% and COD removal to the extent of 56.1% was observed within 2 h of treatment and the reaction follows the pseudo first order kinetics with the curve best fit. The slight increase in kinetic rate constant on jarosite loading rate increase from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L with H 2 O 2 dosage of 100 mg/L confirms that jarosite has a catalytic role in the removal of ametryn. Mass spectroscopy analysis of treated synthetic ametryn solution at various intervals reveal the degradation follows dealkylation and hydroxylation pathway with the formation of three major intermediate compounds discussed here. 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Bacteriological synthesis of iron hydroxysulfate using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and its application in ametryn degradation by Fenton's oxidation process
(Academic Press, 2019) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.
The investigation reports the application of biogenic jarosite, an iron hydroxy sulfate mineral in Fenton's Oxidation process. Ametryn, a herbicide detrimental to aquatic life and also to human is treated by Fenton's oxidation process using synthesized iron mineral, jarosite. The jarosite synthesis was carried out by using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial strain with ferrous as an iron supplement. The isolated strain was characterized by molecular techniques and biooxidation activity to ferrous to ferric iron was checked. On Fenton's treatment ametryn degradation upto 84.9% and COD removal to the extent of 56.1% was observed within 2 h of treatment and the reaction follows the pseudo first order kinetics with the curve best fit. The slight increase in kinetic rate constant on jarosite loading rate increase from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L with H2O2 dosage of 100 mg/L confirms that jarosite has a catalytic role in the removal of ametryn. Mass spectroscopy analysis of treated synthetic ametryn solution at various intervals reveal the degradation follows dealkylation and hydroxylation pathway with the formation of three major intermediate compounds discussed here. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Biodegradation of ametryn and dicamba in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor: A case study
(2019) Mahesh, G.B.; Manu, B.
Agricultural runoff often contains persistent halogenated herbicide compounds like 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryn) and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba). These can enter the food chain through drinking water, causing serious effects for people and the environment. A sequential anaerobic reactor followed by an aerobic reactor was operated and investigated for herbicide removal efficiency at constant, three-day, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.2025 kg-COD/m3/d. The effect of the herbicides on anaerobic bacteria was evaluated based on total biogas production and bacterial activity, which indicated that there was no inhibition on the acclimated biomass. The sequential reactor pair removed 72% of ametryn and 78% dicamba, with COD removal efficiencies of 86% and 85% respectively. The different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks indicate that the compounds are biotransformed and this was confirmed by gas chromatograph high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). IWA Publishing 2019.
Biodegradation of ametryn and dicamba in a sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor: A case study
(IWA Publishing 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS, 2019) Mahesh, G.B.; Manu, B.
Agricultural runoff often contains persistent halogenated herbicide compounds like 2-(ethylamino)-4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (ametryn) and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba). These can enter the food chain through drinking water, causing serious effects for people and the environment. A sequential anaerobic reactor followed by an aerobic reactor was operated and investigated for herbicide removal efficiency at constant, three-day, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.2025 kg-COD/m3/d. The effect of the herbicides on anaerobic bacteria was evaluated based on total biogas production and bacterial activity, which indicated that there was no inhibition on the acclimated biomass. The sequential reactor pair removed 72% of ametryn and 78% dicamba, with COD removal efficiencies of 86% and 85% respectively. The different high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks indicate that the compounds are biotransformed and this was confirmed by gas chromatograph high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). © IWA Publishing 2019.
Bioleached laterite nano iron catalyst (BLaNFeCs)-based Fenton’s degradation of selective dyes in water
(IWA Publishing, 2022) Shivaswamy, B.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.
Iron nanocatalyst for its potential application as Fenton’s catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue dye was synthesized with the fruit extract of Citrus maxima using bioleached laterite iron as a precursor. Synthesized iron particles were characterized suitably and their catalytic role in the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B by Fenton’s oxidation was evaluated. The synthesized nanocatalyst exhibits heterogeneous catalytic properties in the degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B with a degradation efficiency of 93.6 and 91.3%, respectively. Observed rate constants are consistent with the increase in catalyst dosage as it speeds up the reaction. The degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B follows a pseudo-first-order reaction with a linear fit. Reusability studies confirm the reduction in the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized iron nanoparticles after five consecutive cycles. © 2022 The Authors.
Bioleaching of iron from fly ash using a novel isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and evaluation of catalytic role of leached iron in the Fenton’s oxidation of Cephelaxin
(Scientific Publishers, 2020) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.
Iron is the sole energy source for the acidophilic bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Feeding indirect iron source to this bacteria results in leaching of iron from complex minerals. In this study fly ash, a waste is fed to the isolated bacteria under stress condition and is made to recover the traces of iron present in the fly ash for its application as a Fenton’s catalyst to degrade Cephalexin. The investigation evaluates the leaching potential of a novel isolated strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BMSNITK17 in leaching iron from fly ash. About 89 mg/L of iron is recovered within the initial five days of inoculation. It is observed that the rate of metabolism of bacteria is very slow with fly ash as source. Catalytic efficiency of recovered iron was investigated to degrade Cephalexin, a major waste found in pharmaceutical and hospital discharge. About 87.98% of Cephalexin is degraded in first two hours with COD reduction of 74.21%. Reaction follows pseudo-first order kinetics with rate constant 0.017/min. © 2020 Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
Bioleaching of iron from laterite soil using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and application of leached laterite iron as Fenton’s catalyst in selective herbicide degradation
(Public Library of Science, 2021) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.
A novel isolated strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BMSNITK17 has been investigated for its bioleaching potential from lateritic soil and the results are presented. System conditions like pH, feed mineral particle size, pulp density, temperature, rotor speed influences bioleaching potential of Acidithiobcillus ferrooxidans BMSNITK17 in leaching out iron from laterite soil. Effect of sulfate addition on bioleaching efficiency is studied. The bioleached laterite iron (BLFe’s) on evaluation for its catalytic role in Fenton’s oxidation for the degradation of ametryn and dicamba exhibits 94.24% of ametryn degradation and 92.45% of dicamba degradation efficiency. Fenton’s oxidation performed well with the acidic pH 3. The study confirms the role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in leaching iron from lateritic ore and the usage of bioleached lateritic iron as catalyst in the Fenton’s Oxidation. © 2021 S et al.
Biological Treatment of 3,6-Dichloro-2-Methoxybenzoic Acid Using Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential Batch Reactor
(2019) Mahesh, G.B.; Manu, B.
A sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor was used to treat 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) during a long operation period of 340 days in the presence of disodium anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQS) as redox mediator. The sludge activity was evaluated for different dosages of dicamba over constant hydraulic retention time (HRT), neutral pH (6.5 7.5) and at ambient reactor temperature. Effects of increased dicamba concentration, solids retention time (SRT) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) on the biodegradation of dicamba was monitored and compared with control reactor containing no dicamba. Results revealed that long operation period, long SRT and ORP were playing important role in the breakdown of dicamba to its transformation products and subsequent removal in the system. The system was capable of degrading the compound completely during long operation period, long SRT and at low ORP in the presence of AQS. Reducing condition in the anaerobic reactor significantly contributed to the treatment process through demethylation, dehalogenation and dechlorination reactions in the presence of different reducing bacteria. The results of GC-HRMS identified the anaerobic transformation products of dicamba as oleic acid (C18H34O2), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (C21H40O4), trans-13-Ocatadecenoic acid (C18H34O2) compounds which were then oxidised in the aerobic reactor. 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Biological Treatment of 3,6-Dichloro-2-Methoxybenzoic Acid Using Anaerobic-Aerobic Sequential Batch Reactor
(Springer Basel info@birkhauser-science.com, 2019) Mahesh, G.B.; Manu, B.
A sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch reactor was used to treat 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) during a long operation period of 340 days in the presence of disodium anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (AQS) as redox mediator. The sludge activity was evaluated for different dosages of dicamba over constant hydraulic retention time (HRT), neutral pH (6.5–7.5) and at ambient reactor temperature. Effects of increased dicamba concentration, solids retention time (SRT) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) on the biodegradation of dicamba was monitored and compared with control reactor containing no dicamba. Results revealed that long operation period, long SRT and ORP were playing important role in the breakdown of dicamba to its transformation products and subsequent removal in the system. The system was capable of degrading the compound completely during long operation period, long SRT and at low ORP in the presence of AQS. Reducing condition in the anaerobic reactor significantly contributed to the treatment process through demethylation, dehalogenation and dechlorination reactions in the presence of different reducing bacteria. The results of GC-HRMS identified the anaerobic transformation products of dicamba as oleic acid (C18H34O2), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z), 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (C21H40O4), trans-13-Ocatadecenoic acid (C18H34O2) compounds which were then oxidised in the aerobic reactor. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil Using Bacillus subtilis Strain – Process Optimization by Box Behnken Design
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.
Present study investigated bioremediation potential of Bacillus subtilis, a bacterial strain, in remediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons from oil contaminated soil. The study integrates the utilization of Bacillus subtilis for bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil with optimization using Box-Behnken experimental design. The process parameters were optimized using the Box-Behnken design, and the results were statistically interpreted using response surface methodology. Fifteen experimental runs were conducted with varying levels of pH (4.0 to 8.0), moisture content (40–70%), and salinity (0 g/L to 50 g/L). Lab - scale investigations were conducted utilizing PVC experiment vessel. Maximum hydrocarbon removal observed within 45 days was 83% under optimal conditions of pH 6, moisture content of 55%, and salinity of 25 g/L. A linear-quadratic regression model is used to fit the data for the process of Bioremediation, specifically for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon from soil that has been contaminated. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted, and the adequacy of the model is evaluated. According to the model, the presence of moisture content and salinity has a beneficial impact, while the linear independent variables have an adverse impact. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2025.
Catalytic efficiency of laterite-based FeNPs for the mineralization of mixture of herbicides in water
(2019) Sangami, S.; Manu, B.
In this work, low cost, locally available laterite-based iron nanoparticles were synthesized using Tectona Grandis extract (Teak extract) with an average size of 75 nm. The synthesized FeNPs were applied as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the oxidation of mixture herbicides, namely ametryn, dicamba and 2,4-D in water. The FeNPs were characterized for various analytical methods (field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy-dispersive spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR and BET) and the effect of different variables (FeNPs dosage, H2O2, pH) was studied using the responses surface methodology. The initial herbicide concentration was considered as 25, 3.5 and 94 mg L?1 for 2,4-D, ametryn and dicamba, respectively, with the COD value of 172 mg L?1. The 100% degradation and mineralization was achieved in 135 min and >85% in 45 min (optimum dosage: FeNPs = 25.29 mg L?1, H2O2= 430 mg L?1 and pH = 5). The degradation kinetics were performed for both pseudo-first order and second order, it was observed that first-order kinetics (R2> 0.85) was well fitted in the treatment process. Recycling of FeNPs in five cycles was performed at optimum conditions and 10 40% of reduction in degradation efficiency was achieved. Finally, the whole treatment process was validated with a contour overlay plot and analysis of variance. 2018, 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Catalytic efficiency of laterite-based FeNPs for the mineralization of mixture of herbicides in water
(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Sangami, S.; Manu, B.
In this work, low cost, locally available laterite-based iron nanoparticles were synthesized using Tectona Grandis extract (Teak extract) with an average size of 75 nm. The synthesized FeNPs were applied as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the oxidation of mixture herbicides, namely ametryn, dicamba and 2,4-D in water. The FeNPs were characterized for various analytical methods (field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy-dispersive spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR and BET) and the effect of different variables (FeNPs dosage, H2O2, pH) was studied using the responses surface methodology. The initial herbicide concentration was considered as 25, 3.5 and 94 mg L?1 for 2,4-D, ametryn and dicamba, respectively, with the COD value of 172 mg L?1. The 100% degradation and mineralization was achieved in 135 min and >85% in 45 min (optimum dosage: FeNPs = 25.29 mg L?1, H2O2= 430 mg L?1 and pH = 5). The degradation kinetics were performed for both pseudo-first order and second order, it was observed that first-order kinetics (R2> 0.85) was well fitted in the treatment process. Recycling of FeNPs in five cycles was performed at optimum conditions and 10–40% of reduction in degradation efficiency was achieved. Finally, the whole treatment process was validated with a contour overlay plot and analysis of variance. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Degradation of nitroaromatic compounds: a novel approach using iron from laterite soil
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Amritha, A.S.; Manu, B.
The Fenton’s oxidation process has been found to be a simple and economical method for the treatment of nitroaromatic compounds in water. In the present study, the iron extracted from the laterite soil was used as a catalyst and optimization of pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration and iron concentration was studied for different initial concentrations of 2-nitroaniline (2-NA), 3-nitroaniline (3-NA) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA). The optimum pH obtained was 2.5 for 2-NA and 3-NA and 3 for 4-NA. The maximum removal efficiency obtained was 85.3%, 84.3% and 98.7% for 0.5 mM initial concentration at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3.5 mM, 4.5 mM and 5 mM for 2-NA, 3-NA and 4-NA, respectively, with a constant iron concentration of 0.05 mM. © 2018, The Author(s).
Degradation of paracetamol in aqueous solution by Fenton Oxidation and photo-Fenton Oxidation processes using iron from Laterite soil as catalyst
(2011) Manu, B.; Mahamood
For the treatment of paracetamol in water, the photo-Fenton Oxidation process and Classic Fenton oxidation process have been demonstrated and found effective. An iron catalyst extracted from lateritic soil is used to exhibit the degradation and mineralization of paracetamol. Paracetamol reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal are measured as the objective functions to be maximized. The experimental conditions of the degradation of paracetamol are optimized by Fenton process. the optimum conditions observed for 10 mg/L initial paracetamol concentration are influent pH 3, initial H 2O 2 dosage 30 mg/L, [paracetamol]/[H 2O 2] ratio 1:3 (w/w) and [H 2O 2] / [Laterite iron] ratio 30:0.75 (w/w). At the optimum conditions, for 10 mg/L of initial paracetamol concentration, 76% paracetamol reduction and 69% COD removal by Fenton oxidation and 79% paracetamol reduction and 77% COD removal by UV-C Fenton process are observed in 120 minutes reaction time. At the above optimum conditions, HPLC analysis has demonstrated 100% removal of paracetamol for Fenton oxidation process in 240 minutes and for UV-C photo- Fenton process in 120 minutes. The methods are effective and they may be used in the paracetamol industry. 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.