Browsing by Author "Manjula, P."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Biofibres from biofuel industrial byproduct—Pongamia pinnata seed hull
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2017) Manjula, P.; Srinikethan, G.; Shetty K, K.V.
Background: Biodiesel production using Pongamia pinnata (P. pinnata) seeds results in large amount of unused seed hull. These seed hulls serve as a potential source for cellulose fibres which can be exploited as reinforcement in composites. Methods: These seed hulls were processed using chlorination and alkaline extraction process in order to isolate cellulose fibres. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis demonstrated the morphological changes in the fibre structure. Results: Cellulose microfibres of diameter 6–8 µm, hydrodynamic diameter of 58.4 nm and length of 535 nm were isolated. Thermal stability was enhanced by 70 °C and crystallinity index (CI) by 19.8% ensuring isolation of crystalline cellulose fibres. Conclusion: The sequential chlorination and alkaline treatment stemmed to the isolation of cellulose fibres from P. pinnata seed hull. The isolated cellulose fibres possessed enhanced morphological, thermal, and crystalline properties in comparison with P. pinnata seed hull. These cellulose microfibres may potentially find application as biofillers in biodegradable composites by augmenting their properties. © 2017, The Author(s).
Extraction and characterisation of cellulose microfibrils from pongamia pinnata seed shell
(2015) Manjula, P.; Srinikethan, G.; Vidya, Shetty, K.
Biodiesel is a renewable resource of energy and has gained its importance in India due to soaring oil price and largely enhanced environmental awareness. Biodiesel and other biofuels are produced from agricultural plant and plant products. Pongamia Pinnata seeds have been identified as a superior and more sustainable source of biodiesel. The process generates large amount of unused Pongamia Pinnata seed shell. The present paper reports isolation of cellulose microfibrils from Pongamia Pinnata seed shell using chlorination and alkaline extraction process. The morphology of the cellulose microfibrils was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The cellulose microfibrils had diameter in the range of 0.8-2.6 ?m. The crystallinity index obtained from X-ray diffraction and spectrums from Fourier transform infrared and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for seed shell and extracted cellulose microfibrils, showed that the chemical treatments removed most of the hemicellulose and lignin from the seed shell fibers. The thermal stability of the fibers was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis, which demonstrated that thermal stability was enhanced noticeably for cellulose microfibrils. This work provides a new approach for more effective utilisation of Pongamia Pinnata seed shell to examine their potential use as reinforcement fibres in biocomposites. � 2015 International Committee on Composite Materials. All rights reserved.
Extraction and characterisation of cellulose microfibrils from pongamia pinnata seed shell
(International Committee on Composite Materials M.Wisnom@bristol.ac.uk, 2015) Manjula, P.; Srinikethan, G.; Shetty K, K.
Biodiesel is a renewable resource of energy and has gained its importance in India due to soaring oil price and largely enhanced environmental awareness. Biodiesel and other biofuels are produced from agricultural plant and plant products. Pongamia Pinnata seeds have been identified as a superior and more sustainable source of biodiesel. The process generates large amount of unused Pongamia Pinnata seed shell. The present paper reports isolation of cellulose microfibrils from Pongamia Pinnata seed shell using chlorination and alkaline extraction process. The morphology of the cellulose microfibrils was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The cellulose microfibrils had diameter in the range of 0.8-2.6 Î¼m. The crystallinity index obtained from X-ray diffraction and spectrums from Fourier transform infrared and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for seed shell and extracted cellulose microfibrils, showed that the chemical treatments removed most of the hemicellulose and lignin from the seed shell fibers. The thermal stability of the fibers was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis, which demonstrated that thermal stability was enhanced noticeably for cellulose microfibrils. This work provides a new approach for more effective utilisation of Pongamia Pinnata seed shell to examine their potential use as reinforcement fibres in biocomposites. Â© 2015 International Committee on Composite Materials. All rights reserved.