Browsing by Author "Kuruveri, U.B."

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Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications: Arc and Laser Welding Process, Properties, and Challenges
(MDPI, 2022) Perka, A.K.; John, M.; Kuruveri, U.B.; L Menezes, P.L.
In recent years, the demand for advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) has increased to improve the durability and service life of steel structures. The development of these steels involves innovative processing technologies and steel alloy design concepts. Joining these steels is predominantly conducted by following fusion welding techniques, such as gas metal arc welding, tungsten inert gas welding, and laser welding. These fusion welding techniques often lead to a loss of mechanical properties due to the weld thermal cycles in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the deposited filler wire chemistry. This review paper elucidates the current studies on the state-of-the-art of weldability on AHSS, with ultimate strength levels above 800 MPa. The effects of alloy designs on the HAZ softening, microstructure evolution, and the mechanical properties of the weld joints corresponding to different welding techniques and filler wire chemistry are discussed. More specifically, the fusion welding techniques used for the welding of AHSS were summarized. This review article gives an insight into the issues while selecting a particular fusion welding technique for the welding of AHSS. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Effect of employing metal cored filler wire for single v butt joint welding of Ti-Nb microalloyed 800MPa steels
(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2020) John, M.; Peraka, A.K.; Kuruveri, U.B.
Ti-Nbmicroalloyed 800 MPa steels are an important group of advanced high strength steels being developed for automobile applications. One requirement for practical application is the development of a reliable welding process. P-GMAW technique with synergic control and metallic cored filler wires are the advances in the domain of GMAW technique. These are used in welding Ti-Nb steel. The results indicate that use of metal cored wire increased penetration, reduces spatter marginally reduces HAZ width, increases weld hardness, and UTS is marginally higher. In both samples fracture took place in the HAZ, indicating it is the weakest domain in the welded system. Overall results indicate that the use of metal cored wire is beneficial compared to the solid wire during P-GMAW. Â© 2020 Author(s).
Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-3% Ti alloy processed by multiaxial cryo-forging
(2018) Sampath, R.; Nayaka, H.S.; Gopi, K.R.; Sahu, S.; Kuruveri, U.B.
A Cu-3%Ti (wt%) alloy was processed by multiaxial forging (MAF) at cryogenic temperature up to 3 cycles, imposing a total strain of 1.6. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the unprocessed and cryo-forged samples were analyzed. X-ray diffraction results showed deviation in peak broadening and peak intensity of the cryo-forged samples in comparison to that of unprocessed, which are due to texture modification caused by grain refinement during the MAF process. Microstructural analysis showed reduction in grain size from 80 m in the as-received condition to 250 nm after 3 cycles. Electron backscatter diffraction results indicated the transformation of high angle grain boundaries to low angle grain boundaries in all 3 cycles when compared to the as-received condition. Reduction in ductility was observed after 1 cycle, but with an increase in the number of cycles, both strength and ductility increased. After 3 cycles, ultimate tensile strength and hardness reached 1126 MPa and 427 Hv as compared to 528 MPa and 224 Hv for the as-received condition. Fractography analysis showed decrement in dimple size after 1 cycle, in comparison to that of the as-received condition. However, it kept on increasing for higher number of cycles. Copyright Materials Research Society 2018.
Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-3% Ti alloy processed by multiaxial cryo-forging
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Ramesh, S.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.; Gopi, K.R.; Sahu, S.; Kuruveri, U.B.
A Cu-3%Ti (wt%) alloy was processed by multiaxial forging (MAF) at cryogenic temperature up to 3 cycles, imposing a total strain of 1.6. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the unprocessed and cryo-forged samples were analyzed. X-ray diffraction results showed deviation in peak broadening and peak intensity of the cryo-forged samples in comparison to that of unprocessed, which are due to texture modification caused by grain refinement during the MAF process. Microstructural analysis showed reduction in grain size from 80 m in the as-received condition to 250 nm after 3 cycles. Electron backscatter diffraction results indicated the transformation of high angle grain boundaries to low angle grain boundaries in all 3 cycles when compared to the as-received condition. Reduction in ductility was observed after 1 cycle, but with an increase in the number of cycles, both strength and ductility increased. After 3 cycles, ultimate tensile strength and hardness reached 1126 MPa and 427 Hv as compared to 528 MPa and 224 Hv for the as-received condition. Fractography analysis showed decrement in dimple size after 1 cycle, in comparison to that of the as-received condition. However, it kept on increasing for higher number of cycles. © © Materials Research Society 2018.
Laser Cladding-Based Surface Modification of Carbon Steel and High-Alloy Steel for Extreme Condition Applications
(MDPI, 2022) John, M.; Kuruveri, U.B.; L Menezes, P.L.
Laser cladding (LC) is a laser-based surface modification technique widely adopted to develop a thin coating or remanufacture worn-out mechanical components that work in extreme conditions. LC helps to generate superior surface properties and surface integrity on the substrate surface, improving the service life. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the LC process, different powder feeding methods, and the uniqueness of LC over other coating techniques. More specifically, the current state-of-the-art of the LC process on carbon steel and high-alloy steel-based mechanical components operating in diverse industries was elucidated. Furthermore, the effect of LC processes on mechanical properties such as wear, corrosion and fatigue properties are discussed. In addition, the LC process’s influence on microstructural features and microstructural modifications is explained. Finally, this study explores some potential applications of the LC process in diverse industries. © 2022 by the authors.
Surface Modification of 6xxx Series Aluminum Alloys
(MDPI, 2022) Kuruveri, U.B.; Bhat Panemangalore, P.; Kuruveri, S.B.; John, M.; L Menezes, P.L.
Due to their superior mechanical properties, formability, corrosion resistance, and lightweight nature, 6xxx series aluminum (Al) alloys are considered as a promising structural material. Nevertheless, the successful application of these materials depends on their response to the external environment. Recently, designers considered the surface properties an equally important aspect of the component design. Due to this concern, these alloys are subjected to varieties of surface modification methodologies. Many methodologies are explored to modify the 6xxx series Al alloys sur-faces effectively. These methods are anodizing, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), cladding, friction stir processing, friction surfacing, melting, alloying, and resolidification using high energy beams, etc. This review work discusses some of these methods, recent research activities on them, important process variables, and their role on the final properties of the surfaces. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Thermomechanical Simulation of Ferritic Rolling of Titanium-Niobium Interstitial-Free Steel
(ASTM International, 2021) Satish Kumar, D.; Sambandam, S.; Kuruveri, U.B.
Austenitic or two-phase rolling of ultra-low carbon steels face temperature control issues and generate shape defects. Ferritic rolling has been developed as a solution, and ferritic hot-rolled sheets are used as final products, replacing hot-rolled followed by cold-rolled sheets. However, it is not in regular industrial production because of mill limitations. Hence, ferritic hot rolling must be optimized for developing a ferritic cold-rolled and close-annealed sheet through subsequent processing. In this work, industrial ferritic rolling process was simulated for a titanium-niobium interstitial-free steel using a thermomechanical simulator. Multi-hit plane strain compression tests were carried out at three different regimes below the lower transformation temperature (Ar1). Steels were processed under high strain and strain rates as experienced during industrial hot rolling operation, and the results were compared with the conventional austenitic rolling. The flow stress of the material in the ferritic regime decreased with decreasing deformation temperatures but increased at temperatures below 700°C. Nonuniformity in grains and texture also increased with decreasing temperatures. High-temperature rolling in ferritic condition close to Ar1 temperature does not differ significantly from the austenitic condition, whereas the low-temperature ferritic rolled material had through-thickness microstructural nonuniformity and unwanted goss and brass fibers. The intensity of gamma-fiber {111}
Tribological, Corrosion, and Microstructural Features of Laser-Shock-Peened Steels
(MDPI, 2023) John, M.; Ralls, A.M.; Kuruveri, U.B.; L Menezes, P.L.
The degradation due to high friction, wear, and corrosion of mechanical components for industrial applications has invoked substantial economic loss. In recent years, scientists and engineers have developed techniques to mitigate the issues associated with this deterioration potentially. Among these developed techniques, controlling the coefficient of friction (COF), wear rate, and corrosion using laser shock peening (LSP) is a preeminent and popular innovation. This paper aims to summarize the existing literature on the LSP of steels, discuss the current state-of-the-art LSP, and demonstrate the mechanisms that dictate the enhanced tribological and corrosion properties. More specifically, the influence of LSP on COF, wear rate, corrosion potential, surface hardening, and surface morphological changes on various materials used for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, nuclear, and chemical applications is explained. In addition, grain refinement and the gradient microstructure formation during LSP are discussed. Additionally, recent advances and applications of LSP are elucidated. © 2023 by the authors.
Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification: Processes, Characterization, Properties, and Applications
(MDPI, 2022) Thazhathidathil, A.; John, M.; Ralls, A.M.; Antony Jose, S.A.; Kuruveri, U.B.; L Menezes, P.L.
Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) is a unique, mechanical, impact-based surface severe plastic deformation (S2PD) method. This newly developed technique finds diverse applications in the aerospace, automotive, nuclear, biomedical, and chemical industries. The severe plastic deformation (SPD) during UNSM can generate gradient nanostructured surface (GNS) layers with remarkable mechanical properties. This review paper elucidates the current state-of-the-art UNSM technique on a broad range of engineering materials. This review also summarizes the effect of UNSM on different mechanical properties, such as fatigue, wear, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the effect of USNM on microstructure development and grain refinement is discussed. Finally, this study explores the applications of the UNSM process. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Ultrasonic surface rolling process: Properties, characterization, and applications
(MDPI, 2021) John, M.; Ralls, A.M.; Dooley, S.C.; Thazhathidathil, A.K.V.; Perka, A.K.; Kuruveri, U.B.; L Menezes, P.L.
Ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) is a novel surface severe plastic deformation (SPD) method that integrates ultrasonic impact peening (UIP) and deep rolling (DR) to enhance the surface integrity and surface mechanical properties of engineering materials. USRP can induce gradient nanostructured surface (GNS) layers on the substrate, providing superior mechanical properties, thus preventing premature material failure. Herein, a comprehensive overview of current-state-of-the art USRP is provided. More specifically, the effect of the USRP on a broad range of materials exclusively used for aerospace, automotive, nuclear, and chemical industries is explained. Furthermore, the effect of USRP on different mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile, fatigue, wear resistance, residual stress, corrosion resistance, and surface roughness are summarized. In addition, the effect of USRP on grain refinement and the formation of gradient microstructure is discussed. Finally, this study elucidates the application and recent advances of the USRP process. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.