Browsing by Author "Kumar, T.H."

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    Prosopis juliflora valorization via microwave-assisted pyrolysis: Optimization of reaction parameters using machine learning analysis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Suriapparao, D.V.; Rajasekhar Reddy, B.R.; Sankar Rao, C.S.; Jeeru, L.R.; Kumar, T.H.
    Microwave power and pyrolysis temperature are essential parameters in optimizing the bio-oil yield and quality in microwave pyrolysis. This study focused on understanding the interactions between the microwave power/heating rate and pyrolysis temperature in microwave-assisted pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora. For optimum bio-oil yield, a discrete set of microwave powers (280 W, 420 W, and 560 W) and pyrolysis temperatures (200 °C, 350 °C, and 500 °C) were selected. A central composite design (CCD) was adopted to analyze the effect of microwave power and the pyrolysis temperature on product yields, heating rate, microwave conversion efficiency, and heat losses in pyrolysis. Moreover, the effect of heating rate, reaction time, specific microwave power, specific microwave energy, and conductive heat loss on gas, char, and liquid yields was evaluated using statistical machine learning techniques. Moreover, a new parameter, pyrolysis index, is calculated under different conditions to understand the extent of pyrolysis intensity using pyrolysis time, heating value, feedstock mass and conversion, and microwave energy conversion. The yields of bio-oil, biochar, and gas were 25–40 wt%, 25–35 wt%, and 35–40 wt% at different experimental conditions. Bio-oil consists of a mix of organic compounds with methoxy phenols at high selectivity, and the calorific value of bio-oil was in the range of 26–28 MJ/kg. Carbon number analysis revealed higher presence of C5–C9 compounds. This study shows the role of machine learning in understanding the effect of various parameters effectively and optimizing the experimental conditions accordingly. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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    Synthesis of renewable carbon biorefinery products from susceptor enhanced microwave-assisted pyrolysis of agro-residual waste: A review
    (Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2022) Rajasekhar Reddy, B.R.; Sridevi, V.; Kumar, T.H.; Sankar Rao, C.S.; Palla, V.C.S.; Suriapparao, D.V.; Undi, G.S.
    Valuable renewable carbon biorefinery products can be obtained by using agro-residual biomass as a feedstock. Bio-oil, gas, and char products can be obtained from Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) by converting agro-residual waste. In MAP, the process variables like microwave power, temperature, heating rate, raw materials, susceptors, and catalysts play an important role to alter the product spectrum. The temperature, heating rate, and pyrolysis time can be tuned to obtain the desired products during biomass decomposition. The obtained carbonaceous products can be used as intermediated feedstocks to synthesize a variety of end products. Hence, in this review, the application of MAP for the conversion of agro-residual waste is discussed. Special focus is given to the interaction of microwaves with susceptors. This manuscript provides background, current status, progress, and future scope of MAP technology for waste valorization. The objectives of the review are to address (i) The necessity of environmental protection, (ii) The role of biorefinery in the biomass conversion, (iii) The advancements in the MAP for the resource recovery, (iv) The mechanism of heat generation from microwaves, (v) The effects of process parameters, susceptors, and catalysts in MAP, (vi) The interactions of biomass and susceptors during the pyrolysis, (vii) The formation of valuable renewable carbon products and (viii) The future scope and challenges for the integration of MAP in solid waste management. © 2022 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
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    Synthesis of renewable carbon biorefinery products from susceptor enhanced microwave-assisted pyrolysis of agro-residual waste: A review
    (Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2022) Rajasekhar Reddy, B.R.; Sridevi, V.; Kumar, T.H.; Sankar Rao, C.S.; Palla, V.C.S.; Suriapparao, D.V.; Undi, G.S.
    Valuable renewable carbon biorefinery products can be obtained by using agro-residual biomass as a feedstock. Bio-oil, gas, and char products can be obtained from Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) by converting agro-residual waste. In MAP, the process variables like microwave power, temperature, heating rate, raw materials, susceptors, and catalysts play an important role to alter the product spectrum. The temperature, heating rate, and pyrolysis time can be tuned to obtain the desired products during biomass decomposition. The obtained carbonaceous products can be used as intermediated feedstocks to synthesize a variety of end products. Hence, in this review, the application of MAP for the conversion of agro-residual waste is discussed. Special focus is given to the interaction of microwaves with susceptors. This manuscript provides background, current status, progress, and future scope of MAP technology for waste valorization. The objectives of the review are to address (i) The necessity of environmental protection, (ii) The role of biorefinery in the biomass conversion, (iii) The advancements in the MAP for the resource recovery, (iv) The mechanism of heat generation from microwaves, (v) The effects of process parameters, susceptors, and catalysts in MAP, (vi) The interactions of biomass and susceptors during the pyrolysis, (vii) The formation of valuable renewable carbon products and (viii) The future scope and challenges for the integration of MAP in solid waste management. © 2022 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
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    Understanding the role of modeling and simulation in pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics: A review
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Ramesh, R.; Suriapparao, D.V.; Sankar Rao, C.S.; Kumar, T.H.
    The valorization of resources from biomass and plastic waste using thermochemical platforms is an innovative approach. Pyrolysis is thermochemical technology that is very effective in the production of fuels and chemical intermediates. It's conducted by conventional heating, solar heating, and microwave-controlled heating. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is more advantageous. The temperature distribution, mass transfer, and heat transfer rates depend on the operation mode through process parameters. The optimization of the pyrolysis process is crucial for scale-up. Computer-assisted modeling and simulation techniques help to develop suitable configurations and experimental methods for better efficiencies. Modeling allows the identification of optimum operating parameters and understanding of transportation mechanisms involved in pyrolysis. Modeling, simulation, and optimization are ideally suited to understanding and analyzing the complex stages of pyrolysis. This review provides insight into existing heat, mass, and momentum transfer models for pyrolysis. The effects of transport properties on pyrolysis are dealt with. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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    Understanding the role of modeling and simulation in pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics: A review
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Ramesh, R.; Suriapparao, D.V.; Sankar Rao, C.S.; Kumar, T.H.
    The valorization of resources from biomass and plastic waste using thermochemical platforms is an innovative approach. Pyrolysis is thermochemical technology that is very effective in the production of fuels and chemical intermediates. It's conducted by conventional heating, solar heating, and microwave-controlled heating. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is more advantageous. The temperature distribution, mass transfer, and heat transfer rates depend on the operation mode through process parameters. The optimization of the pyrolysis process is crucial for scale-up. Computer-assisted modeling and simulation techniques help to develop suitable configurations and experimental methods for better efficiencies. Modeling allows the identification of optimum operating parameters and understanding of transportation mechanisms involved in pyrolysis. Modeling, simulation, and optimization are ideally suited to understanding and analyzing the complex stages of pyrolysis. This review provides insight into existing heat, mass, and momentum transfer models for pyrolysis. The effects of transport properties on pyrolysis are dealt with. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd