Browsing by Author "Kumar, G.N."

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A comparative study of NOx mitigating techniques EGR and spark delay on combustion and NOx emission of ammonia/hydrogen and hydrogen fuelled SI engine
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Pandey, J.K.; Dinesh, M.H.; Kumar, G.N.
IC engines, the backbone of the transportation sector is facing energy insecurity and stringent environmental norms motivating researchers to look for alternate ways of revival. In pursuit hydrogen and its careers are seen as promising option. Aiming the same comparative-study is performed on NH3/H2 (7:3) and hydrogen under varying ignition (from −24°CA to −12°CA) and EGR rates (till 25%). Results indicate improved combustion for NH3/H2 for a small range of ignition than hydrogen, ∂P/∂θ and ∂Q/∂θ is improved before TDC and deteriorates after it. Cycle-by-cycle variations increase for a longer ignition range for NH3/H2, but NOx drops more rapidly. At −24°CA, NH3/H2 has observed a minimal gap in peak pressure, CoV and performance from hydrogen. Though a small EGR helps reduce NOx, cycle-by-cycle variations and CA90 reduce due to improved combustion for NH3/H2. ∂P/∂θ and ∂Q/∂θ improve for the same range too. However, hydrogen suffers adverse effects due to EGR that intensify with increasing EGR-rate. At higher EGR, unstable combustion and heterogeneity prevail, resulting in increased cycle-by-cycle variations and a rapid drop in peak pressure. The prolonged combustion witnesses a massive decline in NOx for both fuels; however, the gap between NH3/H2 and hydrogen entities reduces. NH3/H2 shows better efficiency than hydrogen for an efficient NOx control. However, higher fuel NOx maintains a significant difference for NH3/H2 than hydrogen. The study limits quantitative analysis of it and also NH3 emissions, which is another primary concern. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Aero-thermal investigation of thermal interactions between turboprop engine exhaust and selected parts of the airplane skin for tractor configured aircraft
(Emerald Publishing, 2023) Vinay, V.; Kumar, G.N.
Purpose: Development or upgradation of airplanes requires many different analyses, e.g. thermal, aerodynamic, structural and safety. Similar studies were performed during configuration change design of commuter category aircraft equipped with pusher turboprop engines. In this paper, thermo-fluid analyses of interactions of the new propulsion system in tractor configuration with selected elements of airplane skin are carried out. This study aims to check the airplane skin material, and its geometry, including the Plexiglas passenger window material degradation, due to hot exhaust gas plume impingement. The impact of change in exhaust stub angle and asymmetric inboard-outboard stubs on the jet thrust at various flight operating conditions like minimum off-route altitude and cruise performance is assessed. Design/methodology/approach: Commercial software-based numerical models were developed. In the first stage, heat and fluid flow analysis was performed over a twin-engine airplane’s nacelle, wing and center fuselage with its powerplant mounted in the high wing configuration. Subsequently, numerical simulations of thermal interactions between the hot exhaust gases, which leave the exhaust system close to the nacelle, flaps and the center fuselage, were estimated for various combinations of exhaust stub angles with asymmetry between inboard-outboard stubs at different airplane configurations and operating conditions. Findings: The results of the simulations are used to recommend modifications to the design of the considered airplane in terms of material selection and/or special coatings. The importance and impact of exhaust jet thrust on the overall aircraft performance are investigated. Originality/value: The advanced numerical model for the exhaust jet-airplane skin thermal interaction was developed to estimate the temperature effects on the propeller blades and aircraft fuselage surfaces during different flight operating conditions with multiple combinations of stub orientations. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Aero-Thermal Investigation on Commuter Category Turboprop Aircraft Engine Nacelle
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Vinay, C.A.; Kumar, G.N.; Iyengar, S.V.; Pugazhendhi, T.
In aircraft industry, the development of composite materials for increased strength and reduced weight is always a priority. The external body of aircraft, i.e. fuselage, nacelle, wings etc., is made of Al alloy and composites. A nacelle of a light turbo-prop tractor-configured aircraft, houses hot components like engine and subsystem. The nacelle is also made of thermally sensitive composite material; hence, it requires specified thermal management study. Thermal ventilation is done by inlet scoops and louvre outlet which keeps the engine and nacelle bay region in lower temperature safe for nacelle surface. Aero-thermal analysis is performed on the engine and nacelle bay ventilation, and the temperature results of the computation fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is used in assessing the suitable material and its mechanical properties degradation with respect to temperature. For numerical study, a simplified nacelle, engine, and subsystem geometry are considered. ANSYS ICEM CFDâ„¢ and CATIA commercial software is used for geometry preparation and tetra meshing. ANSYS Fluent is used as a solver with SST k âˆ’ Ï‰ viscous model to capture thermal values at the geometry surfaces. Â© 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Nayak, V.; Bedar, P.; Kumar, G.N.
Fluctuation in oil prices and stricter exhaust emission norms were the main reasons wakening every researcher to search for suitable and feasible alternative fuels for automotive use. Among the available option gaseous fuels find their best position because of their compatible physical-chemical properties and ecofriendly nature than present fossil fuels. Hydrogen's combustion properties like high energy content, high heating value, wide range of flammability and low ignition energy with almost least toxic emissions are favorable to use in an IC engine as an alternative fuel. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) has lower carbon content, higher calorific value, octane number and flame propagation speed will improve the emission results compared to gasoline fuel. This paper describes an experimental results carried out to evaluate the combustion and emission performance of a Maruti Suzuki make, spark ignited four cylinders, four stroke engines at idle condition by using pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline. The engine was adjoined with Electronic Control Unit (ECU) assisting hydrogen and LPG injector system keeping gasoline line unchanged. Tests were carried out by using compressed hydrogen gas regulated by two stage pressure reduction from cylinder to atmospheric value and by using vaporizer pressure for LPG. For comparison engine was run first by gasoline and then by pure hydrogen and LPG. Study revealed that there was increment of 13% cylinder pressure for pure hydrogen and decrement of 4.5% cylinder pressure for LPG when compared to gasoline. The burn duration for pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline were found to be increasing respectively which infers that hydrogen has very short combustion duration and gasoline higher. It was observed that toxic emissions like Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were improved for pure hydrogen than LPG and gasoline. Â© 2016 The Authors.
Analysis of Cyclic Variations and Combustion Behavior of Liquid Phase Hydrocarbons Under Uniform Axial and Radial Magnetic Fields
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Oommen, L.P.; Kumar, G.N.
The present study experimentally investigates the combustion characteristics of a multi-cylinder MPFI spark ignition engine fuelled by gasoline under uniform magnetic fields. Permanent magnets made of N38 grade NdFeB are used to magnetize the liquid phase hydrocarbons and the impact produced on combustion characteristics like in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate are studied under different speeds and load conditions of the engine operation. Three different magnetic intensities (3200 G, 4800 G, and 6400 G) are employed in two different magnetization patterns (axial and radial) at an inbuilt ignition timing of 5 deg bTDC. Magnetic field assisted combustion is observed to enhance the performance characteristics of the engine, while simultaneously reducing the exhaust emissions to a significant level. A statistical analysis of cyclic fluctuations in magnetic field-assisted combustion is also made which shows a reduction in fluctuations (COV) with the application of each stage of ionization. The increase observed in peak pressures and heat release rates along throughout the combustion cycles with reduction in cyclic variations indicate that magnetic field-assisted combustion exhibits better combustion characteristics as compared to normal gasoline combustion. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Biomass-derived 5-(tolylmethyl)furfural as a promising diesel additive: preparation, process scale-up, and engine studies
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Yadav, A.K.; Yadav, S.K.; Kumar, G.N.; Madav, V.; Dutta, S.
Furanic fuel oxygenates, renewably produced from biomass, have received significant interest in lessening dependence on petroleum-derived liquid fuels and reducing emissions. 5-(Tolylmethyl)furfural (TMF) was prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction between cellulose-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and petroleum-derived toluene. The process was optimized on various parameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio of reagents, catalyst loading, and duration. Anhydrous ZnCl2 was the best catalyst for the reaction, affording a 67% isolated yield of TMF under optimized conditions (120 °C, 4 h). TMF was prepared on a 30 g scale and blended (1-5 vol%) with diesel. The physicochemical properties of the TMF-diesel blended fuel mixtures were studied, and then they were employed as fuel for a direct injection single-cylinder diesel engine. The results show good fuel properties and reduced emissions compared to unblended diesel fuel. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Combined effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and fuel injection pressure on CRDI engine operating with jatropha curcas biodiesel blends
(Taylor's University # 1, Jalan Taylor's Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, 2017) Bedar, P.; Lamani, V.T.; Ayodhya, A.S.; Kumar, G.N.
This work investigates the influence of Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection pressure on the performance and emissions of CRDI engine using Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends of 10% and 20% (B10 and B20). Experiments were carried out for three fuel injection pressures (FIP) of 300, 400 and 500 bar with 15% and 20% EGR rate at constant speed of 2000 rpm and standard injection timing of 150 BTDC. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency and emission characteristics such as smoke opacity, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon mono-oxide (CO) were measured and analysed. The results showed improvement of performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency for blends B10, B20 and with 15%EGR rate. Smoke, HC and CO decreased while slightly increasing NOx emissions when working with biodiesel. In summary, it is optimized that engine running with combination of B20 blend and 15% EGR rate culminates into NOx reductions without affecting engine efficiency and other emissions like smoke opacity, hydrocarbon and carbon mono-oxide. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.
Combustion analysis of cylinder pressure, NHRR, MGT and CHRR of twin cylinder CRDI engine
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2021) Bedar, P.; Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.
In the present experimental study Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends produced through Trans-esterification process is used along with application of different cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates in a twin cylinder four stroke CRDI engine. Combustion properties like cylinder pressure, NHRR, MGT and CHRR of an engine at constant speed were measured and analysed. From the analysis it is found that JB20 fuel blend has peak combustion pressure, temperature and NHRR due to better combustion. Maximum cylinder pressure and MGT increased with increase of FIP, this is due to improved fuel-air mixing at high fuel injection pressure. With respect to application of EGR rate, the NHRR is lesser because of higher EGR rates may lead to formation of low temperature flames and also the increased concentration of CO2 and H2O in the mixture will lead to slower reaction Â© 2021 Author(s).
Combustion, performance and emission analysis of preheated KOME biodiesel as an alternate fuel for a diesel engine
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Kodate, S.V.; Yadav, A.; Kumar, G.N.
In the present work, karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) biodiesel is used in a compression ignition engine to find an alternative to diesel. The use of biodiesel in a CI engine leads to poor performance and high brake specific fuel consumption due to the higher viscosity and lower calorific value of biodiesel. This problem can be reduced by increasing the injection temperature of biodiesel or its blends to a certain temperature. In this study, working fuel is tested at preheating temperatures of 95 °C for various loading conditions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Effect of different KOME biodiesel–diesel blends (B0, B30, B50 and B100) on engine performance, combustion and emissions is studied at different loads. At higher temperature, the viscosity of the fuel decreases which leads to better combustion, improves the atomization as well as vaporization of fuel in a diesel engine, resulting in higher engine performance and lower emissions of CO and HC, with slight increment in NOX and CO2 emission compared to unheated neat diesel and biodiesel blends. The result shows that for 100% biodiesel (B100) at full load, BTE is improved by 9.1% compared to unheated case. Preheating of B100 fuel upto 95 °C at full load decreases the BSFC, CO and HC emission by 6.5%, 8.1% and 10.6%, respectively, compared to unheated case. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.
The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.
Comparison and Feasibility Study of Hexanol/Diesel/Pongamia Biodiesel Blend on Engine Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine
(SAE International, 2024) Santhosh, S.; Shahapur, S.; Kumar, G.N.; Ravikumar, K.N.; Raghavendra Reddy, N.V.
In this work, the impact of hexanol/diesel/biodiesel blend on engine characteristics of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine was studied. Biodiesel is more viscous in nature and higher cetane count, hexanol has a lower viscosity and cetane count. The drawbacks of both biodiesel and hexanol can be overcome by blending both hexanol and biodiesel with diesel fuel in the right proportion. Tests were carried out using a 4-stroke CRDI engine with two cylinders. Biodiesel and 1-hexanol were blended in a ratio of 10% each by volume with diesel and compared with B10D90 and B20D80 blends. It was noted that the addition of hexanol enhances the combustion characteristics of the engine. At 20% load H10B10D80 showed71.34 bar which is highest compared to other fuels in the test. The blends had a positive effect on emissions, there was drastic reduction in NOx was noticed, also HC and CO emission was lower than diesel emissions. The lowest CO, and HC emission is obtained for H10B10D80, which is 66%, 92% lower at 60% load compared to baseline readings. However, the blend had a slight negative effect on performance in contrast to diesel. The higher latent heat of vaporization of hexanol led to low temperature combustion contributing to the lowest NOx emissions. The combination of both hexanol and Pongamia biodiesel with diesel showed an effective reduction in greenhouse gases. Which will also reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. The lower carbon content of 1-hexanol contributes towards carbon neutrality. Overall, the hexanol and biodiesel are sustainable alternatives to the diesel fuel. Â© 2024 SAE International. All rights reserved.
Computational analysis of unsteady flow in turbine part of turbocharger
(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Rao, H.K.S.; Raviteja, S.; Kumar, G.N.
Turbocharging technique is widely employed in internal combustion engines to improve the performance and to reduce the exhaust emissions. Flow analysis through the turbocharger has been a guiding method to optimize the turbocharger design. Usually, the turbocharger turbine is analyzed at steady states. But in practical scenario the turbine operates with unsteady flow due to the reciprocating motion of exhaust port and creates unsteady environment in the turbine. In order to increase turbine efficiencies and effective engine turbocharger matching, proper understanding of unsteady flow physics within the turbine is essential. Currently the turbine and compressors maps are obtained by using 1D code which includes extrapolation techniques. These methods neglect heat transfer and windage effects, hence resulting in lower aerodynamic efficiencies. Three dimensional analysis could lead to a better estimation of the flow field, helping the designer to build a high efficiency turbocharger. The present article concentrates on investigating unsteady flow field in the turbine part of a turbocharger. The necessary unsteady conditions at turbine inlet were obtained using commercially available one dimensional engine simulation software AVL Boost. A turbocharged twin cylinder CRDI diesel engine test rig was modelled within the workspace. The exhaust mass flow rate, pressure and temperature were recorded as a function of crank angle. These results were used as the boundary condition for the 3D analysis of the turbine. ANSYS CFX tools were used to solve the unsteady case. The turbine geometry was generated using ANSYS bladegen. The model selected for analysis is k-? turbulence Model. The pulsating performance, effect of secondary flows and entropy generation are discussed in the paper. © Springer India 2017.
Computational fluid dynamic analysis of the effect of inlet valve closing timing on common rail diesel engines fueled with butanol–diesel blends
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Lamani, V.T.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Roy, D.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.
The inlet valve closing (IVC) timing plays a crucial role in engine combustion, which impacts engine performance and emissions. This study attempts to measure the potential to use n-butanol (Bu) and its blends with the neat diesel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out to estimate the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of n-butanol–diesel blends (0%–30% by volume) for variable valve timings. An experimental study is carried out using standard valve timing and blends to validate the CFD model (ESE AVL FIRE). After validation, the CFD model is employed to study the effect of variable valve timings for different n-butanol–diesel blends. Extended coherent flame model-3 zone (ECFM-3Z) is implemented to conduct combustion analysis, and the kappa–zeta–f (k–ζ–f) model is employed for turbulence modeling. The inlet valve closing (IVC) time is varied (advanced and retarded) from standard conditions, and optimized valve timing is obtained. Advancing IVC time leads to lower cylinder pressure during compression due to reduced trapped air mass. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased by 4.5%, 6%, and 8% for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30, respectively, compared to Bu0. Based on BTE, optimum injection timings are obtained at 12° before the top dead center (BTDC) for Bu0 and 15° BTDC for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increase due to complete combustion. Due to IVC timing, further carbon monoxide and soot formation decreased with blends and had an insignificant effect. © © 2024 Lamani, Shivaprasad, Roy, Yadav and Kumar.
Designing of Digital Odometer Processing for Vehicles
(2019) Jawale, M.; Hindoddi, A.; Patil, R.; Daigavane, P.; Kumar, G.N.; Dhanwate, S.
Vehicle Odometer system, designed to measure the distance traveled and the instantaneous velocity of the vehicle. An Odometer display system includes a control unit connected to an Ignition Keyon Switch of a vehicle to obtain the accumulated mileage by accumulating a pulse signal produced according to the running of the vehicle. The control unit stores odometer data in an EEPROM. The control unit also reads the odometer data stored in the BBRAM when the ignition key on switch is operated. The Digital Odometer is designed using the MPC55XX automotive controller to improve reliability and overall performance. As per the Functional Requirement for a Digital Odometer, the control strategy is developed for Odometer Processing. Digital Odometer has high accuracy with better visualization with more functions with less cost. This paper is going to propose the Processing of Digital odometer with improved speed of operation. � 2019 IEEE.
Designing of Digital Odometer Processing for Vehicles
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Jawale, M.; Hindoddi, A.; Patil, R.; Daigavane, P.; Kumar, G.N.; Dhanwate, S.
Vehicle Odometer system, designed to measure the distance traveled and the instantaneous velocity of the vehicle. An Odometer display system includes a control unit connected to an Ignition Keyon Switch of a vehicle to obtain the accumulated mileage by accumulating a pulse signal produced according to the running of the vehicle. The control unit stores odometer data in an EEPROM. The control unit also reads the odometer data stored in the BBRAM when the ignition key on switch is operated. The Digital Odometer is designed using the MPC55XX automotive controller to improve reliability and overall performance. As per the Functional Requirement for a Digital Odometer, the control strategy is developed for Odometer Processing. Digital Odometer has high accuracy with better visualization with more functions with less cost. This paper is going to propose the Processing of Digital odometer with improved speed of operation. Â© 2019 IEEE.
Development of Gas Dynamic Nozzles: A Preliminary Computational Study †
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Savanur, P.; Venu, G.; Kumar, G.N.; Ramaprasad, M.V.; Uttarwar, P.K.
The design and optimization of supersonic nozzles are of great interest in aerospace and propulsion system applications. Designing and maintaining a mechanically simple nozzle would be beneficial over the complex nozzles that are currently in use. A detailed simulation-based study was conducted to design a virtual nozzle that produces the same effect as a traditional nozzle while using simpler geometries and secondary air injection. Secondary air injection is widely used for fluidic thrust vectoring. Because such a nozzle is operated by varying the thickness of the boundary layer, it is possible to control the effective throat area, and hence, achieve a variety of exit pressures and Mach numbers by just varying the input momentum ratios (or pressure ratios). A similar concept was kept in mind, and various geometries, such as flat-plate geometry, divergent geometry and convergent–divergent geometry, were tested for different jet pressure ratios, numbers of jets, locations of the jets and geometric parameters of the virtual nozzle. The main objective of the work was to achieve an exit Mach number of 2 from a subsonic flow. The lengths of various geometries and the input pressure ratios were altered iteratively based on the findings obtained in each test case. All of the results attempted to acquire the required exit Mach number while accounting for numerous complexities in fluid flows, such as shock waves, vorticities, etc. Although the desired Mach number is not achieved, this study establishes a strong foundation and an idea that has the potential to revolutionize propulsion systems and create nozzles that are mechanically simple, weigh less and do not require any actuating mechanisms to operate. © 2024 by the authors.
Effect of 1-pentanol addition and EGR on the combustion, performance and emission characteristic of a CRDI diesel engine
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Radheshyam; Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.
Experimental study of 1-pentanol addition and EGR rates on the combustion, performance and emission of a CRDI diesel engine is carried out in this work. 1-Pentanol being a higher alcohol has fuel properties comparable to diesel. Experiments were conducted on a 4 stroke two cylinder, CRDI diesel engine running at a constant speed of 2000 rpm for lower load and higher load. Test fuels were prepared by blending the 1-pentanol with diesel, and tests were carried out for 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, 1-pentanol blended in diesel on a volume basis. Effect of EGR rates of 10% and 20% were also studied. It had observed that engine can be run up to 30% of 1-pentanol blended fuel without any engine modification, but with raise in the percentage of 1-pentanol in the blends, BSFC increases and BTE decreases. Combustion characteristic for blended fuel depends upon the load. At higher load due to premixed combustion MGT, CP and NHR were almost same compared to the diesel. Reduction in NOx emissions was noted for all the fuel blends at the cost of HC and CO emission. 1-pentanol is a renewable biofuel, with use of 1-pentanol the dependency on petrodiesel can be overcome. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine
(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Lamani, V.T.; Baliga M, A.U.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.
This investigation is focused on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fueled with bioethanol-blended diesel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation is carried out for various EGR rates (0, 10, 20 and 30%), two different injection timings, and two different bioethanol–diesel blends (10 and 20%) at injection pressure. The equivalence ratio is kept constant in all the cases of bioethanol–diesel blends. The results indicate that the mean CO formation and ignition delay increase, whereas mean NO formation and in-cylinder temperature decrease, with increase in the EGR rate. Further, with an increase in percentage of the bioethanol blends, CO and soot formation decrease as compared to neat diesel. A significant increase in in-cylinder pressure (15%) is found at 14° before top dead centre (BTDC) compared to 9° BTDC, which leads to an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 4% for neat diesel at 30% EGR. In the present study, maximum indicated thermal efficiency is obtained in the case of 10 and 20% bioethanol–diesel blend, and remains constant for all EGR rates considered in the study. Obtained results are validated with the available literature data and indicate good agreement. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends
(Regional Energy Resources Information Center (RERIC) enreric@ait.ac.th, 2015) Bedar, P.; Pandey, J.K.; Kumar, G.N.
This article deals with the usage of non-edible Simarouba glauca (paradise) oil as a biodiesel for single cylinder diesel engine with application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Biodiesel blends B10, B20 with EGR rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% are used for different load conditions. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke opacity were evaluated from the experimental study. The results show that Simarouba glauca biodiesel usage decreases HC, CO and smoke emissions with slight increase of NOx, also an improvement in the performance was observed for B10 blend. EGR rates 10% and 15% are beneficiated in terms of performance and emission but negative trend is observed for 20% EGR rate. On the whole it is concluded that a better trade-off between NOx and other emissions is attained with simultaneous application of EGR (15%) and biodiesel blend (B10) without compromising engine performance.
Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on a CRDI engine fueled with waste plastic oil blend
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Ayodhya, A.S.; Lamani, V.T.; Bedar, P.; Kumar, G.N.
The inevitable rise in the usage of plastic poses a serious threat to the environment owing to their non-biodegradable nature. The lack of proper infrastructure for treating and recycling plastic wastes give rise to the disposal problem. However, the oil synthesized from these waste plastics can be used as an alternative fuel for C.I engines which not only helps to tackle the disposal problem but also aids in recovering precious energy from these wastes. This experimental investigation aims to study the effects of plastic-diesel blend(P30) fuel on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a twin cylinder CRDI engine operating at different EGR rates (0%, 10% and 20%). The experimental results showed a slight drop in the engine performance while operating with plastic blend, mainly overall due to its higher viscosity and lower heating value. The vast upsurge of NOX emissions with plastic blend was mitigated by the aid of EGR methodology. Marginal increase in the discharge of regulated emissions like HC, CO and soot were noticed for both plastic blend as well as EGR operations. The experiments were carried out for five different loading conditions varying from 0% to 80% in steps of 20% each and found out that waste plastic-diesel blend can be successfully used as an alternative fuel in diesel vehicles without any prior modifications in the engine. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd