Browsing by Author "Kishan, D."

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A dual full-bridge series-series resonant IPT system for ultra-wide-range electric vehicle battery applications
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Vinod, M.; Kishan, D.
The design of inductive charging systems presents a significant challenge for various electric vehicle models, each equipped with diverse battery packs ranging from 200 to 800 V. Typically, DC–DC converters, along with diode bridge rectifiers or controlled rectifiers, are employed to accommodate this wide battery voltage range. However, this conventional approach increases vehicle weight and introduces greater control intricacies. In response, this article proposes a wide-gain converter with two sets of coupled coils to charge batteries of different voltage ranges without compromising system efficiency. The proposed system operates in four modes: voltage doubler mode, current doubler mode, full-bridge mode, and half-bridge mode, which has high voltage gain, high current gain, medium voltage gain, and low voltage gain operations. The simulations have been performed using MATLAB-Simulink software to validate the efficacy of the dual full-bridge converter across various battery voltages (800 V, 400 V, and 200 V) and power levels. Furthermore, a laboratory prototype has been built with SiC devices to further validate the proposed converter. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
A Full Bridge Series-Series Resonant IPT System Optimized for Charging Electric Vehicle Bateries Across an Extensive Range
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kishan, D.; Vinod, M.; Chub, A.
Designing an effective inductive charging system for electric vehicles, with distinct battery pack voltages ranging from 200 V to 800 V, poses considerable challenges. Conventionally, addressing this broad battery range involves using a secondary-side DC-DC converter with diode bridge rectifiers or controlled rectifiers, but this approach increases onboard vehicle weight and introduces complex control issues, leading to reduced system efficiency. This article proposes an innovative solution in the form of a wide-gain converter with two sets of coupled coils designed to efficiently charge batteries across different voltage ranges. The proposed system operates in four modes: voltage doubler (V-D), current doubler (I-D), full-bridge (F-B), and half-bridge (H-B) the system. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB simulations, and the simulated performances are validated using a laboratory prototype at different output voltage and power levels. Additionally, the laboratory prototype with SiC devices has been constructed. The efficiency analysis at various loading conditions has been evaluated. Â© 2024 IEEE.
A Full Bridge Series-Series Resonant IPT System Optimized for Charging Electric Vehicle Batteries Across an Extensive Range
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Kishan, D.; Vinod, M.; Chub, A.
Designing an effective inductive charging system for electric vehicles, with distinct battery pack voltages ranging from 200 V to 800 V, poses considerable challenges. Conventionally, addressing this broad battery range involves using a secondary-side DC-DC converter with diode bridge rectifiers or controlled rectifiers, but this approach increases onboard vehicle weight and introduces complex control issues, leading to reduced system efficiency. This article proposes an innovative solution in the form of a wide-gain converter with two sets of coupled coils designed to efficiently charge batteries across different voltage ranges. The proposed system operates in four modes: voltage doubler (V-D), current doubler (I-D), full-bridge (F-B), and half-bridge (H-B) the system. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB simulations, and the simulated performances are validated using a laboratory prototype at different output voltage and power levels. Additionally, the laboratory prototype with SiC devices has been constructed. The efficiency analysis at various loading conditions has been evaluated. Â© 2024 IEEE.
A Modified Reaching Law Based Sliding Mode Controller with an Antidisturbance Approach for Speed Control of PMSM System
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Chiliveri, V.R.; Kalpana, R.; Kishan, D.
This paper develops a robust non-linear control system that employs the sliding mode control (SMC) technique to enhance the speed regulation performance of the permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor (PMSM) in the existence of parameter mismatch and external load disturbances. Initially, the modified reaching law-based SMC (MRL-SMC) method is proposed. This MRL-SMC incorporates an exponential sliding surface function and system tracking error to enable adaptive changes in the reaching law during two distinct SMC phases. As a result, this method mitigates the inherent chattering generated in the control input and accelerates the reaching speed of the system states towards the sliding manifold. Moreover, due to high switching gain requirement to suppress the effect of lumped disturbances give rise to large chattering. Therefore, an antidisturbance approach is proposed in composite to MRL-SMC. This method consists of a finite-time disturbance observer for estimating the lumped disturbance and initiate a feedforward compensation of the estimated disturbance to the MRL-SMC. Additionally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed speed control technique is more effective compared to conventional SMC. Â© 2023 IEEE.
A Non-Isolated Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter for On-Board Electric Vehicle Powertrain
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Vinusha, B.; Kalpana, R.; Kishan, D.
In this paper, a non-isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter for on-board electric vehicle powertrain is proposed. It has a universal-input voltage capability for the requirement of power factor correction in electric vehicles. It can be operated in buck, boost, or pass-through modes to optimize performance depending on the operating conditions. It has advantages of lower switch voltage stresses, reduced size of the magnetics and lower inductor conduction losses in comparison to single-switch buck-boost converters or other two-switch buck-boost converters. The operation of the converter in buck and boost modes is discussed in detail, followed by necessary mathematical modelling. To validate the effectiveness of proposed converter, simulation studies are carried-out with the help of MATLAB-Simulink. Â© 2023 IEEE.
A Novel Orbirect Inductive Coil Structure for Wireless Inductive Power Transfer in Electric Vehicle Battery Charging Applications
(IEEE Computer Society, 2025) Kishan, D.; Ghosh, S.; Chauhan, S.; Chub, A.
Wireless battery charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) are convenient, safe, and flexible against environmental hazards. Resonant inductive power transfer (RIPT) is the most common method for EV battery charging applications. The inductive coil structure is a major component of the RIPT system, and misalignment between inductive coils is a key issue. This paper proposes an improved, misalignment-tolerant, novel dual orbirect inductive coil structure. The proposed coil structure is designed using finite element modeling (FEM) and investigates magnetic parameters such as self and mutual inductance at various horizontal and vertical misalignment distances. Finally, based on the FEM analysis, the RIPT system is designed for 1 kW, and simulations were carried out in MATLAB. The presented results show that the output voltage exhibits minimal variation across 50% misalignment range. The peak efficiency achieved at full load conditions is 96.2%. Â© 2025 IEEE.
A Technological Research on Electric Vehicles Charging Approaches and Optimization Methods
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Vani, B.V.; Kishan, D.; Ahmad, M.W.; Hanumanthakari, S.; Reddy, B.N.K.
In Present day various countries all throughout the world have taken on Electric Vehicles (EVs) to diminish air pollution and fuel consumption. In coming years, Electric Vehicles are bound to become crucial in the transport field. Subsequently, the charging approaches are in the same line. This paper presents an outline of the current and proposed EV charging approaches and optimization methods. Especially the various EV charging methods like battery exchange, conductive charging and wireless charging are presented. Next, some of the EV charging/discharging optimization methods are examined. On the basis of investigation, a few proposals are put forward for future research. Â© 2022 IEEE.
A Three-Phase Isolated Multilevel AC-DC Converter for Dual Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Vinusha, B.; Kalpana, R.; Kishan, D.
In this paper, a two-stage electric vehicle (EV) architecture of an AC-DC converter is proposed for charging two batteries at a time. It consists of a three-phase multilevel boost PFC converter followed by a bidirectional dual-output DC-DC converter. Also, the DC-DC converter has a Zero voltage switching (ZVS) and isolated outputs. The two stages function independently, allowing the AC-DC stage to operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM) without affecting the duty cycle variation of the DC-DC stage. A suitable control technique is also proposed to improve total harmonic distortion (THD) and power factor, equal power sharing of two batteries. A detailed operating analysis of the proposed dual battery charger is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed charger is validated by extensive test of laboratory prototype. © 1972-2012 IEEE.
A Time-Frequency Transform based Fault Detection and Classification Methodology for Transmission Lines
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Ghatak, A.; Kishan, D.
The inevitable events in power systems such as faults should be detected and resolved quickly to maintain system reliability. This paper proposes a Time-Frequency transform (wavelet transform) based fault detection and classification methodology using current signals. The Daubechies wavelet has been used to extract the features of the current signals. The proposed method detects a fault using the first level decomposition coefficients using wavelet transform, while the fault is classified by using the maximum values of the detail coefficients and logical analytical techniques. The proposed methodology is validated on a test model developed in the MATLAB Simulink environment. The performance of the proposed methodology has been verified under different fault configurations for different fault locations, resistances and inception times. The algorithm is also validated for a load change at the time of fault inception. The results show that the proposed methodology is accurate and reliable in fault detection and classification and can help in taking appropriate decisions to enhance the reliability of power system. Â© 2021 IEEE.
A Two Switch Multiport Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter for On-Board EV Charging Application
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Vinusha, B.; Kishan, D.; Kalpana, R.
This paper proposes multiport DC-DC converter for on-board charger (OBC) EV applications with simultaneous charging of high voltage (HV) battery and low voltage (LV) battery. The evolution of this converter involves replacing the switch found in a conventional step-up converter with a pair of series-connected switches. This arrangement allows for an additional switch node that generates a LV output. the proposed converter has benefits of high voltage gain for HV side, continuous input current, a reduced switching count, regulation of two battery voltages with two switches. Moreover, the inherent shoot-through protection enhances the converter's reliability. The proposed converter exhibits same working principle as that of conventional boost and buck converters. Consequently, the control system methodology remains consistent with that of separate converters, ensuring precise regulation of each output. The working principle, design analysis is discussed. To validate the theoretical analysis, detailed simulation results are presented. Â© 2024 IEEE.
An efficient battery swapping and charging mechanism for electric vehicles using bat algorithm
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Vani, B.V.; Kishan, D.; Ahmad, M.W.; Naresh Kumar Reddy, B.N.K.
The recent surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption has presented various challenges, notably in the charging and discharging processes of EV batteries, each characterized by unique traits. While conventional charging stations remain popular, battery swap stations (BSS) offer a compelling alternative, addressing issues like prolonged waiting times and potential battery degradation from fast charging. BSS, with its extensive array of battery systems, ensures efficient services for EVs. However, meticulous planning for the charging and discharging operations is imperative for both BSS and the overall grid to guarantee optimal functionality. This paper proposes an efficient approach to enhance the efficiency of battery swapping and charging mechanisms (BSCM) for electric vehicles, leveraging the bat algorithm. The BSCM is conceived as a system that incorporates both the battery swapping mechanism (BSM) and the battery charging mechanism (BCM). The key contribution lies in designing an effective BSCM where the BSM functions as a manager, handling battery swapping requests from EV users, while the BCM acts as a supporter, interfacing with the grid to regulate battery charging and discharging power. To efficiently address the mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) inherent in this system, a Bat algorithm is developed. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in efficiently addressing large-scale problems, producing solutions that closely approach optimality. It promptly achieves a substantial reduction in battery swapping energy by 30% and 24%, respectively, and significantly enhances charging station utilization by 25% and 21% compared to the LSTM-Based Rolling Horizon Approach and Bilevel Optimization Approach. Additionally, the algorithm showcases remarkable improvements in battery swapping performance, boasting a 25% and 19% enhancement, and noteworthy increases in charging station utilization by 20% and 17% compared to the aforementioned approaches. This enhancement in the energy exchange with grid and regulation contributes to the overall efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicle operations. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
An efficient optimization algorithm for electric vehicle routing problem
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Vani, B.V.; Kishan, D.; Ahmad, M.D.W.; Reddy, C.R.P.
There has been a steady increase in the prevalence of electric vehicles (EVs) (electric cars) in the transportation industry. The limited range of EVs and the lack of charging facilities make it harder to gain widespread adoption of the EV service. Several optimisation algorithms for EV routes have not yet resolved the problems of trip time and travel cost. The study provides a Bat optimisation technique to reduce trip time and costs while taking into account customer service requests and EV charging schedules. Taking into account battery capacity, charging duration, and delivery/pickup needs, the suggested method may determine the optimal path to supercharger stations. To demonstrate its effectiveness, it is compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms across a variety of benchmark cases. © 2023 The Authors. IET Power Electronics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
An Integrated EV Battery Charger With Three-Level Boost PFC Converter and H5-Bridge Based Bidirectional DO-CLL Series Resonant Converter for Wide Battery Voltage Range
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Vinusha, B.; Kalpana, R.; Kishan, D.
This article proposes an efficient two-stage ac–dc converter for off-board electric vehicle charging applications over a wide range of battery voltages. The proposed charger integrates a three-phase three-level boost power factor correction (TL-BPFC) converter with a bidirectional dual-output CLL (DO-CLL) series resonant converter. In the ac–dc conversion stage, three switches are controlled using a hysteresis technique to enhance input power quality. The second stage, responsible for dc–dc conversion, incorporates an H5-bridge on the primary side and a voltage doubler circuit on the secondary side, providing decoupled outputs through two high-frequency transformers (HFTs) connected to resonant tanks. This configuration allows flexible adjustment of the resonant tank inputs, which can operate in full-bridge (FB), half-bridge (HB), or inactive (IA) modes. This design provides a key advantage of a wide voltage range during forward and reverse operation using reconfigurable H5 bridge. Additionally, the switches in the DO-CLL achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) during turn-on, and the identical HFTs minimize the cross-coupling effect, to enhance the efficiency. A scaled-down laboratory prototype of the off-board EV charger is developed to provide two distinct outputs of 400 V and 200 V, achieving an overall efficiency of 97.6%. © 1982-2012 IEEE.
An Optimal Modulation Schemes for a Family of Single-Stage Three Switch Leg Multi-Port Boost DC-AC Converter
(IEEE Computer Society, 2023) Reddy, M.R.N.; Barla, P.C.; Dastagiri Reddy, B.D.; Suraj, G.O.; Prabhakaran, P.; Kishan, D.
This paper presents an optimal modulation schemes for a family of single-stage three switch leg multi-port boost (TSLMPB) DC-AC converters. The proposed multi-port DC-AC converter topologies and associated modulation scheme exchange power between multiple DC and AC ports with high voltage gain. Furthermore, the DC ports functioned with diverse voltage levels, while the AC ports can be operated at varying voltage magnitudes and frequencies. The feasibility of the modulation schemes for the TSLMPB DC-AC converters are evaluated in the MATLAB/ Simulink environment, and the results are presented. To validate the performance and efficiency of the TSLMPB DC-AC converters, a 300 W laboratory prototype was developed, and experimental results are presented and discussed. Â© 2023 IEEE.
Analysis of Integrated on-Board Charger for 400 V and 800 V EV Battery Using Dual-Mode Three-Leg LLC Resonant Converter
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Vinusha, B.; Vinod, M.; Kishan, D.; Kalpana, R.
Electric vehicle technology is rapidly advancing to achieve higher power density and cost-effectiveness. On-board chargers (OBC) are evolving to support new power ratings and battery technologies, focusing on higher power and voltage capabilities to enhance power density and reduce recharge times. This paper proposes a novel three-leg LLC (TL-LLC) resonant converter for an On-board EV charger, designed to charge different EV models efficiently. By adopting a variable DC-link voltage as input, the converter tracks a wide battery voltage range, ensuring optimal efficiency. It operates in two modes: voltage doubler for 800-V charger and current doubler for 400-V charger at 10 kW power rating. MATLAB/Simulink simulations verify the converter's performance for both battery types at 10 kW power level. Â© 2024 IEEE.
Analysis of Mutual Inductance between Asymmetrical Spiral Circular Coils of WIPTS for EV Battery Charging
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Kishan, D.; Vinod, M.
Wireless Inductive Power Transfer System (WIPTS) for electric vehicle battery charging is an emerging technology. It enables electric power transmission without any physical connection between the transmitter coil (Tx) and receiver coil (Rx) over a certain distance. However, the power transfer capability between the wirelessly coupled inductive coils is greatly affected by mutual inductance (MI) between them. This paper presents a new analytical method based on Neumann's equation for computation of MI between the asymmetrical spiral circular coupled coils. The computed mutual inductances are validated with Finite Element Modeling (ANSYS MAXWELL) simulation results. The relative error between the analytical and FEM simulated results is negligible. Â© 2020 IEEE.
Analysis of Wireless Charging System for Low-Power Appliances
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Mangamuri, R.; Kuriti, C.S.; Divvi, S.S.; Mallikarjuna, B.; Kishan, D.
Wireless power transfer stands out as a transformative technology that provides a hassle-free, secure, and effective method for charging of power appliances without the constraints of cables. In this paper, performance analysis of a wireless mobile charging system (lower power appliances) based on a well-established principle electromagnetic induction has been carried out. The system comprises transmitter and receiver circuits featuring wireless power transfer coils. These coils are designed and simulations using ANSYS Maxwell software to analyze the impact of coil misalignment on mutual inductance and coupling coefficient variations of the wireless charging system. The electromagnetic coupled coils are deployed in a charging circuit model designed in MATLAB/Simulink model to demonstrate its dynamic behaviour, showcasing the system's capability to generate a stable 5 V DC voltage for lower power appliances. This study highlights the practicality of optimizing the design of wireless charging system. Â© 2024 IEEE.
Asymmetric clamped mode control for output voltage regulation in wireless battery charging system for EV
(CRC Press, 2023) Kishan, D.; Vinod, M.; Dastagiri Reddy, B.D.; Kannan, R.
Inductive based wireless battery charging (WBC) is gaining popularity in the contemporary electric vehicle industry. As the internal resistance of the battery is continuously changing throughout the charging profile, the charging power needs to be controlled. Phase shift control is mostly used to control the power flow between the transmitter and the receiver of the resonant converter in inductive WBC. During the phase shift control, the semiconductor switches to loose zero voltage switching (ZVS) or zero current switching (ZCS), thereby impacting the efficiency of the resonant converter. To address this, an asymmetrical clamped mode control is proposed for a resonant converter in this chapter. The proposed approach ensures that the power semiconductor switches attain ZVS while meeting the charging power requirements. To validate this, a MATLAB/Simulink model of inductive WBC with the proposed control strategy is developed, and the obtained results are presented. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Dharavath Kishan, Ramani Kannan, B Dastagiri Reddy and Prajof Prabhakaran; individual chapters, the contributors.
Bat Optimization Model for Electric Vehicle Route Optimization Under Time-of-Use Electricity Pricing
(Springer, 2023) Vani, B.; Kishan, D.; Ahmad, M.W.; Naresh Kumar Reddy, B.
In the framework of fuel reduction and energy conservation, the electric vehicles (EV’s) has been identified as a promising option in contrast to fuel-driven vehicles. EV’s battery limits to require visiting a greater number of times to the recharging stations, which must be viewed as in the route planning to keep away from inefficient vehicle routes with lengthy diversions. These problems have to consider, we propose an Efficient Electric Vehicle Route Optimization with Time-of-Use Electricity Pricing using Bat algorithm. Which can reduce the used vehicles as well as electricity-cost and total travel distance. Additionally, functional model and collective models are used to minimize the objectives: distance and cost. The computational assessment in light of the notable benchmarking test instances exhibits, proposed optimization algorithm electricity cost conservation on average 12.17% with Learnable Partheno-Genetic Algorithm (Yang et al. in IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6:657–666, 2015) 8.45% with VNS/TS Algorithm (Lin et al. in Trans Res Part-C 130:103285, 2021) and 5.15% with Mixed Integer Programming model (Ham and Park in IEEE Access 9:37220–37228, 2021). © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Bipolar Duty Cycle Control for Dual Side LCC Compensated Inductive Power Transfer System for Wide Output Voltage Range
(IEEE Computer Society, 2024) Kishan, D.; Chub, A.; Vinod, M.
This paper proposes a hybrid phase shift control strategy for dual side inductor-capacitor-capacitor compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system to achieve a wide output voltage regulation range. The first-order harmonic time domain model is used to compute the inverter output voltage. Then, models of system operation in constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) modes are developed to analyze the efficiency of the battery charging process. The designed controller loops are validated for a 1 kW MATLAB Simulink model. Results show that a maximum efficiency of 93.80% is achieved at full load conditions, and the proposed control strategy achieves zero voltage switching (ZVS) in more switches than the conventional control method. Â© 2024 IEEE.