Browsing by Author "Kadlimatti, H.M."

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Bio-oil from microwave assisted pyrolysis of food waste-optimization using response surface methodology
(2019) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Raj Mohan, Balakrishnan; Saidutta, M.B.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains on an average 40% food waste and needs to be managed in an environment friendly manner. Food wastes have high energy content and offer a good potential feed stock for pyrolysis. Microwave assisted pyrolysis of food waste at different microwave power levels has been carried out in the present study. Maximum bio-oil yield of 30.24 wt.% is obtained under the optimized pyrolysis conditions of 400 C temperature, 30 min residence time and 50 mL min-1 of nitrogen flow rate at the microwave power of 450 W. The regression model with 95% confidence level resulted in the high value of R2 = 95.4% with R2 adjusted = 91.2% indicates a very good or excellent fit of the data to the model. Main functional groups as detected by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis are alcohols, alkenes, aromatic compounds, primary and secondary amines, carboxylic acid, esters and phenols. Oxygenated and non oxygenated compounds, nitrogenated compounds and other compounds such as phosphine, methyl-, propane, 2-fluoro-, (2-hydroxyethyl) trimethylsilyl methyl sulfide, and 1,3-bis(2-hydroxymethyl)urea have been identified by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The heating value of the bio-oil was 23.94 MJ kg?1. 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Bio-oil from microwave assisted pyrolysis of food waste-optimization using response surface methodology
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Raj Mohan, B.; Saidutta, M.B.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) contains on an average 40% food waste and needs to be managed in an environment friendly manner. Food wastes have high energy content and offer a good potential feed stock for pyrolysis. Microwave assisted pyrolysis of food waste at different microwave power levels has been carried out in the present study. Maximum bio-oil yield of 30.24 wt.% is obtained under the optimized pyrolysis conditions of 400 °C temperature, 30 min residence time and 50 mL min-1 of nitrogen flow rate at the microwave power of 450 W. The regression model with 95% confidence level resulted in the high value of R2 = 95.4% with R2 adjusted = 91.2% indicates a very good or excellent fit of the data to the model. Main functional groups as detected by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis are alcohols, alkenes, aromatic compounds, primary and secondary amines, carboxylic acid, esters and phenols. Oxygenated and non oxygenated compounds, nitrogenated compounds and other compounds such as phosphine, methyl-, propane, 2-fluoro-, (2-hydroxyethyl) trimethylsilyl methyl sulfide, and 1,3-bis(2-hydroxymethyl)urea have been identified by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The heating value of the bio-oil was 23.94 MJ kg?1. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control
(2007) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Gangamma, S.; Varghese, S.K.
A device for the generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control has been designed and tested in the present study. A continuous flow, evaporation-condensation aerosol generator has been designed to produce monodisperse aerosols of low vapor pressure organic liquids, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), at flow rates over 2.5 1pm. Nebulised NaCl particles are passed through the particle number controller to reduce the number concentration close to 105/cc to suppress homogeneous condensation. The condensation nuclei with nitrogen as a carrier gas are passed through a bubbler containing DOP, producing a nuclei-vapor mixture. The mixture is condensed producing the aerosols of narrow size distribution. A heater section previous to the condenser section provides complete evaporation across the tube diameter, while the condenser walls in free convection create a low temperature gradient, both of which enhance aerosol monodispersity. The results show that controlling the nuclei number concentration as well as vapor source can produce aerosols with sufficient monodispersity. 2007 WIT Press.
Generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control
(WITPress marketing@witpress.com, 2007) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Gangamma, S.; Varghese, S.K.
A device for the generation of monodisperse aerosols through condensation nuclei control has been designed and tested in the present study. A continuous flow, evaporation-condensation aerosol generator has been designed to produce monodisperse aerosols of low vapor pressure organic liquids, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP), at flow rates over 2.5 1pm. Nebulised NaCl particles are passed through the particle number controller to reduce the number concentration close to 105/cc to suppress homogeneous condensation. The condensation nuclei with nitrogen as a carrier gas are passed through a bubbler containing DOP, producing a nuclei-vapor mixture. The mixture is condensed producing the aerosols of narrow size distribution. A heater section previous to the condenser section provides complete evaporation across the tube diameter, while the condenser walls in free convection create a low temperature gradient, both of which enhance aerosol monodispersity. The results show that controlling the nuclei number concentration as well as vapor source can produce aerosols with sufficient monodispersity. © 2007 WIT Press.
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of food waste: optimization of fixed carbon content using response surface methodology
(2019) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Raj Mohan, Balakrishnan; Saidutta, M.B.
Pyrolysis of food waste using microwave irradiation was carried out in this study to produce quality biochar for heating applications. Optimum conditions for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of food waste particles were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Combined effects of the operating variables, namely pyrolysis temperature ( C), residence time (min) and nitrogen flow rate (mL min ?1 ), were analyzed by conducting 20 experiments. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis results were correlated by applying RSM with the regressions coefficients of 92.90% for biochar and 90.305% for fixed carbon content. Microwave power of 450 W yielded 60.03 wt. % of biochar with a fixed carbon content of 48.71 wt. % under the optimum pyrolysis conditions of 400 C temperature, 30 min residence time and 50 mL min ?1 of nitrogen flow rate. The higher heating value of the biochar was 33.35 MJ kg ?1 . 2019, 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of food waste: optimization of fixed carbon content using response surface methodology
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Kadlimatti, H.M.; Raj Mohan, B.; Saidutta, M.B.
Pyrolysis of food waste using microwave irradiation was carried out in this study to produce quality biochar for heating applications. Optimum conditions for microwave-assisted pyrolysis of food waste particles were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Combined effects of the operating variables, namely pyrolysis temperature (°C), residence time (min) and nitrogen flow rate (mL min?1), were analyzed by conducting 20 experiments. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis results were correlated by applying RSM with the regressions coefficients of 92.90% for biochar and 90.305% for fixed carbon content. Microwave power of 450 W yielded 60.03 wt. % of biochar with a fixed carbon content of 48.71 wt. % under the optimum pyrolysis conditions of 400 °C temperature, 30 min residence time and 50 mL min?1 of nitrogen flow rate. The higher heating value of the biochar was 33.35 MJ kg?1. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.