Browsing by Author "Joladarashi, S."

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A comparison of the non-conforming and conforming sector finite element for free vibration of circular discs
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Avvaru, H.T.; Joladarashi, S.; Kadoli, R.
A twelve-term non-conforming and a sixteen-term conforming displacement polynomial are obtained from Pascal's triangle to deduce the shape functions for a sector element. Using the sector element circular disc is discretized. The number of degrees of freedom for the sector element at a given node is three and four. Kirchhoff's plate theory is the basis for strain energy and kinetic energy because of the transverse motion of the circular plate. Associated stiffness and mass matrices for the sector element are derived in closed form using MATHEMATICA. Using the Lagrange equation, the free vibration equation of motion for the circular disc is derived. A validation study is conducted, and non-dimensional frequencies from the finite element solution are compared with the analytical solutions reported in the literature. Subsequently, the natural frequencies of Al-Al2O3functionally graded circular disc with gradation in the thickness direction are evaluated for a variety of boundary conditions. Â© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A comprehensive review on material selection for polymer matrix composites subjected to impact load
(China Ordnance Industry Corporation, 2021) Mahesh, V.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
Polymer matrix composites (PMC) are extensively been used in many engineering applications. Various natural fibers have emerged as potential replacements to synthetic fibers as reinforcing materials composites owing to their fairly better mechanical properties, low cost, environment friendliness and biodegradability. Selection of appropriate constituents of composites for a particular application is a tedious task for a designer/engineer. Impact loading has emerged as the serious threat for the composites used in structural or secondary structural application and demands the usage of appropriate fiber and matrix combination to enhance the energy absorption and mitigate the failure. The objective of the present review is to explore the composite with various fiber and matrix combination used for impact applications, identify the gap in the literature and suggest the potential naturally available fiber and matrix combination of composites for future work in the field of impact loading. The novelty of the present study lies in exploring the combination of naturally available fiber and matrix combination which can help in better energy absorption and mitigate the failure when subjected to impact loading. In addition, the application of multi attributes decision making (MADM) tools is demonstrated for selection of fiber and matrix materials which can serve as a benchmark study for the researchers in future. © 2020 The Authors
A Novel Flexible Green Composite with Sisal and Natural Rubber: Investigation under Low-Velocity Impact
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Rajkumar, D.; Mahesh, V.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
The present work concentrates on assessing the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of sisal-natural rubber (NR)-based flexible green composite in two different stacking sequences, namely, sisal/rubber/sisal (SRS) and sisal/rubber/sisal/rubber/sisal (SRSRS). The influence of the impactor shape on LVI response of the proposed composite was assessed using hemispherical and conical-shaped impactors. Results showed that the proposed composites exhibit better energy absorption and resistance to damage due to inclusion of compliant matrix. The study of damage mechanism of the proposed composites showed that the inclusion of NR as a matrix material in the proposed composites helps to avoid catastrophic failure since rubber undergoes failure by matrix tearing as opposed to matrix cracking as in the case of stiff composites. The proposed composites eliminate two of the major damage mechanisms, namely, matrix cracking and delamination, due to usage of compliant matrix material. The results obtained suggest that the proposed flexible composites can serve as excellent sacrificial structures. The outcome of the present study serves as a benchmark for interested designers/engineers to explore the usage of natural material candidates for developing sustainable impact-resistant composites. © 2022 Taylor & Francis.
A study on magnetorheological and sedimentation properties of soft magnetic Fe58Ni42 particles
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Aruna, M.N.; Rahman, M.R.; Joladarashi, S.; Kumara, H.; Meena, S.S.; Sarkar, D.; Umesh, C.K.
In this study, the samples with two volume fractions (ϕ) of Fe58Ni42 (permalloy) i.e. (ϕ1 = 25 and ϕ2 = 30 %) were used as magnetic particles, silicone oil as a carrier fluid, and aluminium disterate as an additive. As received Fe58Ni42 particles surface morphology and composition of the Fe58Ni42 were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) structural information analysis confirmed Fe58Ni42 particles have a face-centered cubic phase, corresponding with the result of the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization technique. The magnetorheological properties were tested via rotational rheometer at four different magnetic field strengths. The results show that sample PMRF-30 has a maximum shear stress, shear viscosity, and dynamic modulus greater than the PMRF-25 sample. In addition, experimental shear stress flow curves are well fitted with Herschel-Bulkley rather than Bingham and Casson rheological models. The permalloy based magnetorheological fluid (PMRF) samples were prepared with a 25 % volume fraction and a 30 % volume fraction of permalloy particles with a sample abbreviation of PMRF-25 and PMRF-30, respectively. Furthermore, the sedimentation stability of suspensions of both the samples was observed using visual inspection. This method result shows the sedimentation ratio with respect to time of 72 h was 31 % and 29 %, respectively. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Alkali absorption and durability studies on CFRP laminated composites
(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2020) Mohan Kumar, T.S.M.; Krishna, M.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.
Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) are widely used in marine, aeronautical, automotive, space applications due to their corrosive resistance and low cost to performance. The main aim of this research was to examine the impact of alkali absorption and durability in the Carbon/Epoxy, Carbon/Vinylester, and Carbon/Isopolyester composites immersed in 13.59 pH alkaline solutions for a maximum of 25 days at 27Â°C (room temperature) and 65Â°C. Epoxy, vinyl-ester and Isoployester resin are selected as a matrix material and Poly-acrylonitrile-based Carbon fiber of 200 gsm fabrics is chosen as reinforcement and hand lay-up process is used for fabrication in the ratio of 35: 65 respectively and cured at room temperature with applied pressure using hydraulic press for 24 hrs. Solution of alkali was prepared and specimens were subjected to alkali solution. The moisture absorption was calculated on the basis of rate of moisture for every 5days interval and rate of diffusion coefficient (m2/sec) were calculated. Similarly durability studies (UTS, ILSS and FS) are conducted at 27Â°C and 65Â°C. Characterization of the fractured area was done using a scanning microscope. The obtained result rate of moisture absorption in case of neat casting and CFRP specimen shows the maximum alkali absorption in Iso-polyester / carbon whereas the minimum absorption was shown in vinyl ester/carbon specimens at RT and at 65Â°C over a period of 25days. At room temperature and 65Â°C the diffusion coefficient (D) was found and identified higher value for Iso-polyester/carbon and low for vinyl ester/carbon this is because Iso-polyester are distributed along the main chain, which makes easily available for reaction but in vinylesters the ester functional groups acts as a shield by methyl groups which restrict the easy absorption. Reduce in percentage in mechanical properties is due to Alkali absorption in terms of reduced degradation values in UTS, Flexural Strength and ILSS samples, carbon / epoxy showed supremacy over vinylester / carbon and iso-polyester / carbon. Scanning electron microscopy images show the embrittlement and micro-cracks on surface due to exposure to the alkali environments, matrix bonded to fiber are hardly identified as the temperature increases. Â© 2020 Author(s).
An experimental investigation on low-velocity impact response of novel jute/rubber flexible bio-composite
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Mahesh, V.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
This paper presents an experimental investigation on low velocity impact (LVI) behaviour of flexible biocomposite laminates with different stacking sequence namely jute/rubber/jute (JRJ), jute/rubber/rubber/jute (JRRJ), jute/rubber/jute/rubber/jute (JRJRJ) and subjected to different impact energy levels using a conical shaped impactor. The performances of the proposed flexible composites are evaluated based on their energy absorption, peak force, coefficient of restitution (CoR), energy loss percentage (ELP) and failure behavior. Results indicated that JRJ provides better energy absorption and JRJRJ provides better damage resistance when subjected to LVI. Microscopic analysis revealed that the flexible composites fail mainly due to the tearing mechanism of the matrix as opposed to cracking in case of conventional stiff composites. It was also found that flexible composites are free from delamination. Compared to conventional stiff composites, there is no catastrophic failure observed in the proposed flexible composite. The overall performance evaluation of these proposed flexible composites indicates that these flexible composites can be potential sacrificial materials such as claddings used to protect primary structural components subjected to LVI. The systematic methodology employed in the present study serves as a benchmark for the effective utilization and selection of flexible composites for LVI applications. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
An experimental study on adhesion, flexibility, interlaminar shear strength, and damage mechanism of jute/rubber-based flexible “green” composite
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022) Mahesh, V.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
Determining the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composite laminates is vital for deciding their usage in any engineering applications. The matrix used and its curing characteristics are vital in deciding the ILSS of the composite. Present work deals with an experimental study on adhesive behavior, degree of flexibility, ILSS, and damage mechanism of the novel jute/rubber-based flexible “green” composite. The proposed flexible composites were prepared in three different stacking sequences, namely jute/rubber/jute (JRJ), jute/rubber/rubber/jute (JRRJ), and jute/rubber/jute/rubber/jute (JRJRJ), using compression molding technique. After determining the optimal curing characteristics of the proposed rubber-based matrix, the constituents are tested for their adhesive strength with the matrix which showed that rubber matrix system is compatible with jute fabric and natural rubber sheet. Composites are prepared and degree of flexibility for each stacking sequence is found out. Results pertaining to ILSS show that JRJRJ has better ILSS compared to JRJ and JRRJ. Fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscope reveals the mode of failure of the composites and the mechanism governing their failure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study reveals the bonding between the constituents is good enough to be used in composites with flexibility. © The Author(s) 2019.
Analysis of impact behaviour of sisal-epoxy composites under low velocity regime
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2021) Mahesh, V.; Nilabh, A.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
The present study concentrates on development of conceptual proof for sisal reinforced polymer matrix composite for structural applications subjected to low velocity impact using a finite element (FE) approach. The proposed sisal-epoxy composite of various thicknesses of 3.2 mm, 4 mm and 4.8 mm is subjected to different impact velocities of 1 m/s, 2 m/s and 3 m/s ranging in the low velocity impact regime to study the energy absorbed and damage mitigation behaviour of the proposed composite. The consequence of velocity of impact and thickness of laminate on the sisal epoxy composite's impact behaviour is assessed statistically using Taguchi's experimental design. Outcome of the present study discloses that the energy absorption increases with increased impact velocity and laminate thickness. However, the statistical study shows that impact velocity is predominant factor affecting the impact response of sisal epoxy composite laminate compared to laminate thickness. The role of matrix and fiber in damage initiation is studied using Hashin criteria and it is found that matrix failure is predominant over the fiber failure. © 2021 Lavoisier. All rights reserved.
Analysis of light weight natural fiber composites against ballistic impact: A review
(KeAi Publishing Communications Ltd., 2023) Doddamani, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.; Joladarashi, S.; Mohan Kumar, M.K.; Gurjar, A.K.
The main factors in the ballistic impact mechanism, an incredibly complicated mechanical process, are the target material's thickness, toughness, strength, ductility, density, and projectile parameters. Creating resilient, high-strength, and high-modulus fibers has made it possible to use natural fibers and their composite laminates for various impact-related applications today. Kinetic energy absorption, penetration depth, and residual velocity were the parameters affecting the performance of natural fiber composites used in the armor systems. This review aims to comprehend the several influencing factors that significantly impact the target's ballistic impact performance. In addition to experimental study efforts, many analytical, numerical modeling, and empirical technique-based research approaches have also been considered while analyzing the various components. The paper also examines several factors that determine how well natural fiber composite functions, including internal factors like material composition, characteristics of matrix and reinforcement, the kind and choice of fiber/matrix, failure modes, impact energy absorption, and external factors such as residual velocity, and various projectile nose angles. It also emphasizes the ways to improve composites for high performance and ballistic efficiency, as well as the economic cost analysis of switching out synthetic fibers for natural ones in a ballistic composite. © 2023 The Authors
Analyzing quarter car model with Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper using equivalent damping and Magic formula models
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Jamadar, M.-E.-H.; Desai, R.M.; Kumar, H.; Joladarashi, S.
Mathematical modelling of Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper has been an intriguing field of research ever since the invention of the device itself. An accurate model of MR damper results in development of an efficient controller for a semi-active system with MR damper. Hence, a number of models have been put forward to accurately predict the MR damper behavior. One of these models is Magic formula model. Based on the famous Magic formula used in tire force calculation, this model can be used for representing the peak damper force vs damper piston velocity amplitude graph. This model was later modified to capture the force displacement diagram of MR damper. The former model is denoted as Magic Formula Model-1 (MFM-1) and the latter one is denoted as Magic Formula Model-2 (MFM-2) here onwards. In the current study a commercial MR damper has been tested for various piston velocities and currents. The equivalent damping coefficient is then calculated for the tested conditions. The equivalent damping coefficients are used for analyzing a quarter car model. Two quarter car models with MR damper are simulated, one uses MFM-1 for MR damper and the other uses MFM-2. All the quarter car models are subjected to single pulse input and the sprung mass response is measured in terms of displacement. The RMS error between the response of quarter car model with equivalent damping and quarter car models with MR damper is used to determine the performance of each mathematical model. The study revealed that MFM-1 represents the MR damper behavior more accurate than that of MFM-2. Â© 2019 Elsevier Ltd.
Ballistic impact analysis of multilayered armour system using finite element analysis
(Elsevier, 2024) Doddamani, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.; Joladarashi, S.; Mohan Kumar, T.S.; Gurjar, A.K.
The application of finite element analysis (FEA) to the ballistic impact analysis of polymer composites used in armor is covered in this chapter. This study aims to assess polymer composite armor materials' performance and establish their resistance to high-velocity projectile impacts. The use of FEA enables accurate simulations of the impact process that take into consideration the properties of the materials, the geometry of the projectile and the armor panel, and the impact conditions. The investigation' findings shed important light on how the polymer composite armor responds to impacts and its capacity to absorb and dissipate impact energy. For the development of cutting-edge armor materials and the multiscale modeling method of armor design, this information is essential. The chapter ends with recommendations for further research as well as a discussion of the difficulties and restrictions of employing FEA for ballistic impact analysis. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.
Behaviour of Natural Rubber in Comparison with Structural Steel, Aluminium and Glass Epoxy Composite under Low Velocity Impact Loading
(2017) Vishwas, M.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
This paper presents the low velocity gravity impact behaviour of various materials (Structural steel, Aluminium, Rubber and Glass Epoxy composite). A comparison of the above said materials is reported considering various parameters such as Total Energy, contact force, deformation, von mises stress and strain and specific energy absorbed are carried out. The results confirmed that rubber absorbs more energy compared to other materials considered thus highlighting its potential use in structural applications subjected to low velocity impact. The natural rubber in many ways is an ideal polymer for dynamic or static engineering applications. It has excellent dynamic properties, with a low hysteresis loss, and good low temperature properties, it can be bonded well to metal parts, has high resistance to tear and abrasion and it is relatively easy to process. Natural rubber composites find technological interest in that they exhibit additional features like biodegradability and renewability, along with the inherent stiffness, low cost and low density. The great advantage of natural rubber based on its linear elasticity, high strength, fatigue life and excellent adhesion to metals makes it well suited for structural or semi structural applications. � 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
Behaviour of Natural Rubber in Comparison with Structural Steel, Aluminium and Glass Epoxy Composite under Low Velocity Impact Loading
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Mahesh, M.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
This paper presents the low velocity gravity impact behaviour of various materials (Structural steel, Aluminium, Rubber and Glass Epoxy composite). A comparison of the above said materials is reported considering various parameters such as Total Energy, contact force, deformation, von mises stress and strain and specific energy absorbed are carried out. The results confirmed that rubber absorbs more energy compared to other materials considered thus highlighting its potential use in structural applications subjected to low velocity impact. The natural rubber in many ways is an ideal polymer for dynamic or static engineering applications. It has excellent dynamic properties, with a low hysteresis loss, and good low temperature properties, it can be bonded well to metal parts, has high resistance to tear and abrasion and it is relatively easy to process. Natural rubber composites find technological interest in that they exhibit additional features like biodegradability and renewability, along with the inherent stiffness, low cost and low density. The great advantage of natural rubber based on its linear elasticity, high strength, fatigue life and excellent adhesion to metals makes it well suited for structural or semi structural applications. Â© 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
Bending and vibration studies of FG porous sandwich beam with viscoelastic boundary conditions: FE approach
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Patil, R.; Joladarashi, S.; Kadoli, R.
Bending and vibration characteristics of FG porous sandwich beam with viscoelastic boundary conditions are investigated. Complex shear modulus and associated loss factor are considered for the viscoelastic interlayer. The beam is constrained by viscoelastic supports (VES) at either end. Complex stiffness model is adopted for VES. The transverse deflection, natural frequency, loss factors, and mode shapes are obtained by varying VES stiffness. Furthermore, the study is extended to sandwich beams with various (H, O, V, and X) porosity patterns. The results convey that VES contribution in vibration damping is more predominant when the supports are less stiff (more viscous). © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Bifurcation buckling of isotropic annular disc using conforming and non-conforming finite element
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Kumar, A.; Kadoli, R.; Joladarashi, S.
Non-conforming and conforming polynomial is used to develop sector finite element for analysing the isothermal bifurcation buckling of isotropic annular disc. The sector finite element has three degrees of freedom for non-conforming and four degrees of freedom for conforming element respectively. To obtain the shape function for the sector finite element, the displacement polynomial is chosen from the Pascal's triangle, the displacement polynomial is used to obtain the polynomial corresponding to the nodal degree of freedom for the element and evaluated at each node of the sector finite element using the nodal coordinates. The kinematics, strain displacement relations and the stress strain relations is based on the Kirchhoff's plate theory. The stiffness matrix and geometric stiffness matrix are evaluated in MATHEMATICA and then imported in the FORTRAN complier. A FORTRAN CODE is developed to solve the eigenvalue problem for bifurcation buckling of clamped-clamped isotropic annular disc with uniform temperature rise. ORIGIN software is used to plot the buckled mode shape for non-conforming and conforming sector finite element for isotropic annular disc. The number of circumferential waves at the onset of bifurcation buckling increase as the radius ratio increases. The critical buckling temperature increases with increase in thickness of the annular disc, so is the case when the inner radius increases for a given outer radius and thickness of the annular disc. Â© 2022
Characterization and sliding wear behavior of CoMoCrSi+Flyash composite cladding processed by microwave irradiation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Prasad, C.; Shashank Lingappa, M.; Joladarashi, S.; Ramesh, M.R.; Sachin, B.
The present work deals with the development of CoMoCrSi+Flyash composite cladding on AISI 410 steel substrate using a domestic microwave oven with cladding process parameters of frequency 2.45GHz, with the power of 900W and processing time is 1800s. The developed clad is characterized by metallographic and mechanical properties. Further, the substrate and cladding samples are tested for high-temperature sliding wear behaviour using a pin on disc apparatus. The clad specimen exhibits partial melting of particles and observed uniformity in thickness. X-Ray Diffraction analysis shows the presence of Cr3C2, Co3Ti, TiC, SiC, and Mo3Si hard phases that are formed during the cladding process, while excellent metallurgical bonding can be observed which provides improved hardness. The addition of flyash into the cobalt-base matrix enhanced high-temperature strength results in better wear resistance due to the formation of oxide layers. Â© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Characterization of an in-house prepared magnetorheological fluid and vibrational behavior of composite sandwich beam with magnetorheological fluid core
(Sharif University of Technology, 2023) Nagiredla, S.; Joladarashi, S.; Kumar, H.
In this research work, two different compositions of MR fluid samples with 24 and 30 percentage (%) volume fraction of carbonyl iron (CI) particles are prepared. Prepared MR fluid (MRF) samples contain carbonyl iron particles as a dispersive medium, silicone oil as a carrier fluid, and white lithium grease as an anti-settling agent. Influence of oscillating driving frequency, strain amplitude, magnetic field, and the percentage of CI particle on the rheological properties of the MR fluid samples are presented. Storage modulus and loss factor equations are estimated from the rheometry results using a linear regression method. The properties of MR fluid samples are taken to design and model the sandwich beams using ANSYS ACP software, where carbon epoxy composite material is used as the face layer and MR fluid as the core material. Modal, harmonic, and transient analysis studies have been conducted on all the modelled sandwich beams. Influence of MR fluid core material thickness, face layer thickness, CI particle volume percentage in the prepared MR fluid sample, and magnetic field on the vibrational response of the sandwich beams have been presented. Carbon-epoxy composites with an in-house made MRF sandwich beam has shown some significant results in the vibrational response. © 2023 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.
Combined Damping Effect of the Composite Material and Magnetorheological Fluid on Static and Dynamic Behavior of the Sandwich Beam
(Springer, 2023) Nagiredla, S.; Joladarashi, S.; Kumar, H.
Purpose: In the present study, the influence of combined damping due to composite facings and magnetorheological (MR) fluid on the static and dynamic response of the graphite/epoxy composite sandwich beam is investigated because the combined damping effect plays a crucial role in suppressing the high amplitudes of vibration for the structural applications. Methods: The sandwich beam element with 12 degrees of freedom is considered for the finite element (FE) formulation and the Lagrange’s approach is employed to obtain the equations of motion (EOM). The FE code is developed and validated with the available literature to examine the static, free and forced vibration response of the MR composite sandwich beam. Results: The influence of laminate angle, magnetic field, and thickness ratio on the static deflection, loss factor, natural frequency and forced vibration response are presented. Further, the influence of the applied magnetic field on the percentage of reduction in static deflection and the deviation in the first fundamental natural frequency and loss factor are evaluated. Conclusion: It is observed that the central static deflection of the sandwich beam is more for the composite facings at higher laminate angles. The percentage of deviation in the first fundamental natural frequency and loss factor significantly improved with the applied magnetic field. The damping considered in both the composite facings and MR fluid displayed a good attenuation in vibration amplitude. © 2022, Krishtel eMaging Solutions Private Limited.
Comparative investigation of HVOF and flame sprayed CoMoCrSi coating
(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2020) Prasad, C.D.; Joladarashi, S.; Ramesh, M.R.
Present studies deals with comparison of high velocity oxy fuel and flame spray coating process by developing CoMoCrSi (Tribaloy T400) coating on a titanium grade-15 substrate. Prior to coating, feedstock is processed to obtain higher fraction intermetallics through high energy ball milling technique under controlled atmosphere. Processed feedstock material is sprayed on a Ti-15 substrate through HVOF and Flame spray process. The coated specimens are subjected to metallurgical and mechanical characterization using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Vickers mico hardness tester and bond strength using pull off test method. HVOF sprayed coating exhibits superior properties compared to Flame sprayed coating in terms of surface roughness, porosity, micro hardness and adhesion strength. The detailed studies of two coating systems is discussed. Â© 2020 Author(s).
Comparative study of damage behavior of synthetic and natural ber-reinforced brittle composite and natural ber-reinforced exible composite subjected to low-velocity impact
(Sharif University of Technology, 2020) Mahesh, V.; Joladarashi, S.; Kulkarni, S.M.
In the present study, a comparative study of the damage behavior of Glass-Epoxy (GE), Jute-Epoxy (JE) laminates with [0=90]s orientation, and Jute-Rubber-Jute (JRJ) sandwich is carried out by ABAQUS/CAE nite element software. The GE, JE laminate, and JRJ sandwich with a thickness rate of 2 mm are impacted by a hemispherical-shaped impactor at a velocity of 2.5 m/s. The mechanisms by which the brittle laminate gets damaged are analyzed in accordance with Hashin's 2D failure criterion, and exible composites are analyzed by the ductile damage mechanism. The absorbed energy and the incipient point of each laminate were compared. According to the results, there was no evidence of delamination in JRJ as opposed to GE and JE. The compliant nature of a rubber plays a role in absorbing more energy, which is slightly higher than the energy absorbed in GE. Moreover, it was observed that there was no incipient point in JRJ sandwich, meaning that there was no cracking of matrix since the rubber was elastic material. Thus, the JRJ material can be a better substitute for GE laminate in low-velocity applications. The procedure proposed for the analysis in the present study can serve as a benchmark method for modeling the impact behavior of composite structures in further investigations. © 2020 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.