Browsing by Author "Jeyachandran, P."

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Experimental Demonstration of Compact Polymer Mass Transfer Device Manufactured by Additive Manufacturing with Hydrogel Integration to Bio-Mimic the Liver Functions
(MDPI, 2023) Narendran, G.; Walunj, A.; Kumar, A.M.; Jeyachandran, P.; Awwad, N.S.; Ibrahium, H.A.; Gorji, M.R.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.
In this paper, we designed and demonstrated a stimuli-responsive hydrogel that mimics the mass diffusion function of the liver. We have controlled the release mechanism using temperature and pH variations. Additive manufacturing technology was used to fabricate the device with nylon (PA-12), using selective laser sintering (SLS). The device has two compartment sections: the lower section handles the thermal management, and feeds temperature-regulated water into the mass transfer section of the upper compartment. The upper chamber has a two-layered serpentine concentric tube; the inner tube carries the temperature-regulated water to the hydrogel using the given pores. Here, the hydrogel is present in order to facilitate the release of the loaded methylene blue (MB) into the fluid. By adjusting the fluid’s pH, flow rate, and temperature, the deswelling properties of the hydrogel were examined. The weight of the hydrogel was maximum at 10 mL/min and decreased by 25.29% to 10.12 g for the flow rate of 50 mL/min. The cumulative MB release at 30 °C increased to 47% for the lower flow rate of 10 mL/min, and the cumulative release at 40 °C climbed to 55%, which is 44.7% more than at 30 °C. The MB release rates considerably increased when the pH dropped from 12 to 8, showing that the lower pH had a major impact on the release of MB from the hydrogel. Only 19% of the MB was released at pH 12 after 50 min, and after that, the release rate remained nearly constant. At higher fluid temperatures, the hydrogels lost approximately 80% of their water in just 20 min, compared to a loss of 50% of their water at room temperature. The outcomes of this study may contribute to further developments in artificial organ design. © 2023 by the authors.
Material extrusion additive manufacturing of bioactive glass/high density polyethylene composites
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Jeyachandran, P.; Bontha, S.; Bodhak, S.; Balla, V.K.; Doddamani, M.
Bioactive glasses (BAG) are renowned for their unique ability to bond with tissues and therefore are used extensively for bone repair and functional recovery. In this work, high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with BAG is processed using material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) for potential orthopaedic applications. The constituents are melt compounded by varying BAG proportions (5, 10, and 20 wt %) and subsequently extruded into filaments. DSC curves show an insignificant change in the peak melting temperature, increase in crystallization temperature, and a decrease in the crystallinity of HDPE with BAG addition. Warpage analysis confirms that the enhanced temperature parameters and BAG addition result in reduced warpage and improved dimensional stability. Rheological results show that the addition of BAG increases complex viscosity, storage and loss modulus. Melt behavior and print parameters are tailored to improve first layer adhesion and interfacial bonding rendering dimensionally stable prints without any print induced defects. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of printed samples show an increase in storage (E?), loss (E?) modulus, and a decrease in damping factor (Tan ?) with BAG addition. MEAM of the developed H/BAG composites shows a strong potential for developing customizable scaffolds and implants as bone replacements. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured bioactive glass/high density polyethylene composites
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Jeyachandran, P.; Bontha, S.; Bodhak, S.; Balla, V.K.; Kundu, B.; Doddamani, M.
Bioactive glass (BAG) is a well-known biomaterial that can form a strong bond with hard and soft tissues and can also aid in bone regeneration. In this study, BAG is added to a polymer to induce bioactivity and to realize fused filament fabrication (FFF) based printing of polymer composites for potential orthopaedic implant applications. BAG (5, 10, and 20 wt%) is melt compounded with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and subsequently extruded into feedstock filament for FFF-printing. Tensile tests on developed filaments reveal that they are stiff enough to resist forces exerted during the printing process. Micrography of printed HDPE/BAG reveals perfect diffusion of raster interface indicating proper selection of printing parameters. Micrography of freeze fractured prints shows the homogeneous distribution and good dispersion of filler across the matrix. The tensile, flexural, and compressive modulus of FFF-printed HDPE/BAG parts increases with filler addition. BAG addition to the HDPE matrix enhances flexural and compressive strength. The tensile and flexural behaviour of FFF-prints is comparable to injection molded counterparts. Property maps exhibit the merits of present study over the existing literature pertaining to desired bone properties and polymer composites used in biomedical applications. It is envisioned that the development of HDPE/BAG composites for FFF-printing can lead to possible orthopaedic implants and scaffolds to mimic the bone properties in customised anatomical sites or injuries. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Quasi-static compressive behavior of bioactive glass reinforced high density polyethylene composites
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Jeyachandran, P.; Bontha, S.; Bodhak, S.; Krishna Balla, V.; Doddamani, M.
Compressive behavior of additively manufactured bioactive glass (BAG) reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites under quasi static conditions (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 s−1 strain rates) is investigated in this work. HDPE feedstock filaments with 5, 10 and 20 wt% of bioactive glass are extruded for fused filament fabrication (FFF) based 3D printing (3DP). Compressive properties are extracted from the stress–strain plots. Elastic modulus and yield strength of the samples increase with filler addition and strain rate. Energy absorption increases with increase in strain rate and BAG content. All the samples exhibit homogeneous ductile deformation with distinct barrelling effect without any visible cracks. Deformation and energy absorption behavior of the tested samples are investigated using micrography. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.