Browsing by Author "Jalageri, M.B."

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Biocompatible Nanohydroxyapatite from Cuttlefish Bone by Mechanochemical Method for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
(Springer, 2024) Jalageri, M.B.; Kumar, G.C.
Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from coral cuttlebone using a mechanochemical method in this study. The synthesized material was characterized using various techniques to determine its phases and functional groups. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis TGA were employed. FESEM analysis revealed an onedimensional nanorod morphology of the developed material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the primary phase was hydroxyapatite, with slight traces of tricalcium phosphate detected after calcination at 800 °C. The FTIR spectra exhibited peaks corresponding to phosphate and hydroxyl groups. At the same time, TGA results indicated the absence of any organic phase. Furthermore, the synthesized hydroxyapatite displayed excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Cytocompatibility tests with MG63 fibroblast cells demonstrated that these materials are both antimicrobial and biocompatible, making them suitable for various biomedical applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Graphene oxide reinforced polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan composite hydrogel for cartilage regeneration
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Jalageri, M.B.; Kumar, G.C.M.
The progress in developing biomaterials for cartilage replacement is still not sufficient, and researchers face the challenge of developing materials that can imitate the physical, chemical, and mechanobiological characteristics of natural cartilage. In this research, the graphene oxide was blended with polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite to fabricate composite hydrogels (PVA/Chitosan/GO) using different concentrations of graphene oxide (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3 wt%). The images taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed that adding graphene oxide affected the hydrogel structure by reducing the porosity. The composite hydrogel with 3 wt% graphene oxide exhibited the highest compressive strength of 2.15 MPa, and the storage modulus was significantly greater than that of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan, which satisfied the application requirements. Furthermore, the composite hydrogels displayed excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial species. They exhibited in vitro cell viability against L929 mouse fibroblasts, which presents the possibility of using composite hydrogel for cartilage regeneration. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Based Hydrogel for Cartilage Replacement
(MDPI, 2022) Jalageri, M.B.; Kumar, G.C.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogels are desirable biomaterials for soft tissue repair and replacement. However, the bio-inertness and poor cell adhesive potency of the PVA and PVP hinder the wide range of biomedical applications. In the present work, PVA and PVP were blended with a one-dimensional hydroxyapatite nanorod (HNr), and PVA/PVP/HNr composite hydrogel was synthesized by the freeze-thaw process. The developed hydrogels were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The bio-ceramic nanohydroxyapatite content was optimized, and it was found that reinforcement improves mechanical strength as well as bioactivity. The compression strength values are 2.47 ± 0.73 MPa for the composite having 2 wt% of nanohydroxyapatite. The storage modulus was much higher than the loss modulus, which signifies the elastic dominancy similar to cartilage. Besides, the antimicrobial activity of nanohydroxyapatite reinforced PVA hydrogel towards bacterial species, Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was satisfactory, and the in vitro biocompatibility response towards Human Mesenchymal stem cells(hMSC) after 72 h of culture confirms nanohydroxyapatite reinforced PVA/PVP hydrogels are the promising alternatives for next-generation cartilage substitutes. © 2022 by the authors.
Potential of Graphene-Functionalized Polymer Surfaces for Dental Applications: A Systematic review
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Singh, R.K.; Verma, K.; Kumar, G.C.; Jalageri, M.B.
Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, has garnered widespread attention across various fields due to its outstanding properties. In dental implantology, researchers are exploring the use of graphene-functionalized polymer surfaces to enhance both the osseointegration process and the long-term success of dental implants. This review consolidates evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro studies, highlighting graphene’s capacity to improve bone-to-implant contact, exhibit antibacterial properties, and enhance mechanical strength. This research investigates the effects of incorporating graphene derivatives into polymer materials on tissue response and compatibility. Among 123 search results, 14 articles meeting the predefined criteria were analyzed. The study primarily focuses on assessing the impact of GO and rGO on cellular function and stability in implants. Results indicate promising improvements in cellular function and stability with the use of GO-coated or composited implants. However, it is noted that interactions between Graphene derivatives and polymers may alter the inherent properties of the materials. Therefore, further rigorous research is deemed imperative to fully elucidate their potential in human applications. Such comprehensive understanding is essential for unlocking the extensive benefits associated with the utilization of Graphene derivatives in biomedical contexts. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.