Browsing by Author "He, X."

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    Antibacterial MXenes: An emerging non-antibiotic paradigm for surface engineering of orthopedic and dental implants
    (KeAi Communications Co., 2025) Gnanasekar, S.; He, X.; Nagay, B.E.; Xu, K.; Rao, X.; Duan, S.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.; Kang, E.-T.; Xu, L.
    The colonization of planktonic bacteria onto implant surfaces is a serious concern in the medical field due to increasing infection-related mortality and fiscal difficulties worldwide. Various static, dynamic, and active coating techniques were established to tackle implant-associated infections (IAIs). However, the existing implant coating methods often confront issues with poor universality for different substrates, adaptability, stability, and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR). The miraculous two-dimensional (2D) MXenes with outstanding multimodal bactericidal effects have been spotted as promising non-antibiotic implant surface coating additives for superior antibiofilm and osseointegration properties. This review systematically assesses the recent progress of antibacterial MXenes and their revolutionary usage to prevent peri-implantitis. We specifically sought to disclose the various forms of MXenes, such as composites, heterojunctions (HJs), and functional biomaterials used in combatting MDR and non-MDR bacterial pathogens by adopting therapeutic ventures such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In addition, we outlined the extension of MXene antibacterial systems for orthopedic and dental implant surface engineering to improve their longevity and safety. A thorough understanding of antibacterial MXenes synthesis, surface modification strategies, and biocompatible functional properties was deliberated to facilitate the construction of innovative coatings. Lastly, some viewpoints on the current limitations and key considerations for the future concept design of MXenes-coated implants were contemplated constructively to promote clinical outcomes. © 2025 The Authors
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    Biomimetic Engineering of Robust Gradient Antibacterial Coatings using Hollow Nanoframes of Prussian Blue Analogues
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) He, X.; Wu, H.; Xu, K.; Tang, J.; Li, C.; Gnanasekar, G.; Rao, X.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.; Kang, E.-T.; Xu, L.
    Photothermal therapy for bacterial infections poses a significant challenge due to the high temperatures required for effective bacterial eradication, which can also harm surrounding healthy tissues. Determining the minimal effective temperature for bacterial destruction is therefore critical. In this study, artificial reef-like manganese-doped Prussian blue (PBMn) nanoframes are developed as photothermal agents and physical cross-linkers to reinforce a phytic acid and cationic polymer network coating. This innovative deposition approach facilitates the creation of a gradient PBMn-enhanced phytic acid-cationic polymer (PC-PBM) coating, achieving a balance between effective photothermal antibacterial activity and reduced heat-induced collateral damage. When applied to a polyurethane (PU) substrate, the gradient PC-PBM coating exhibits excellent photothermal efficiency, biocompatibility, and tunable antibacterial activity. Gene transcriptomics analysis demonstrates significant downregulation of virulence genes and biofilm-forming genes in pathogens following PC-PBM treatment, confirming the antibacterial efficacy of the coating. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, including studies in an infected hernia model, underscore the coating's excellent anti-infection performance. This work introduces a robust and biomimetic strategy for constructing gradient coating, advancing photothermal therapy by achieving effective bacterial eradication with reducing collateral damage to healthy tissues. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.