Browsing by Author "Gnanasekar, S."

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Antibacterial MXenes: An emerging non-antibiotic paradigm for surface engineering of orthopedic and dental implants
    (KeAi Communications Co., 2025) Gnanasekar, S.; He, X.; Nagay, B.E.; Xu, K.; Rao, X.; Duan, S.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.; Kang, E.-T.; Xu, L.
    The colonization of planktonic bacteria onto implant surfaces is a serious concern in the medical field due to increasing infection-related mortality and fiscal difficulties worldwide. Various static, dynamic, and active coating techniques were established to tackle implant-associated infections (IAIs). However, the existing implant coating methods often confront issues with poor universality for different substrates, adaptability, stability, and the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR). The miraculous two-dimensional (2D) MXenes with outstanding multimodal bactericidal effects have been spotted as promising non-antibiotic implant surface coating additives for superior antibiofilm and osseointegration properties. This review systematically assesses the recent progress of antibacterial MXenes and their revolutionary usage to prevent peri-implantitis. We specifically sought to disclose the various forms of MXenes, such as composites, heterojunctions (HJs), and functional biomaterials used in combatting MDR and non-MDR bacterial pathogens by adopting therapeutic ventures such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In addition, we outlined the extension of MXene antibacterial systems for orthopedic and dental implant surface engineering to improve their longevity and safety. A thorough understanding of antibacterial MXenes synthesis, surface modification strategies, and biocompatible functional properties was deliberated to facilitate the construction of innovative coatings. Lastly, some viewpoints on the current limitations and key considerations for the future concept design of MXenes-coated implants were contemplated constructively to promote clinical outcomes. © 2025 The Authors
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Synthesis-driven properties of MXenes: A comprehensive review of antimicrobial, cellular, and osseointegration potentials applied to biomedical implants
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Calazans Neto, J.V.; Asokan, A.; Nagay, B.E.; Nechithodi, S.; Souza, J.G.S.; Gnanasekar, S.; Xu, L.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.
    Bacterial colonization in biomedical devices can lead to inflammation and bone loss, thereby compromising the implant's function. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, also known as superbugs, due to antibiotic abuse, further complicates and necessitates the exploration of innovative, versatile strategies. MXenes with multi-modal antimicrobial functionalities are promising two-dimensional (2D) materials for eliminating the complexities of biofilm, and for improving bone adhesion and tissue regeneration. However, methodologies for synthesizing MXenes are crucial to their performance, highlighting the need for further optimization. This review comprehensively explores MXene synthesis for biomaterial applications by analyzing their microbiological and biological properties while highlighting their potential to enhance osseointegration. To this end, a systematic search was performed, and 22 studies were identified that assessed at least one aspect related to the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, or surface characterization of MXenes. The MXenes analyzed in this review—Ti3AlC2, Mo2Ti2C3, and Nb2AlC—exhibit the typical accordion-like morphology with ultrathin sheets. These materials possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation, which are further enhanced upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Moreover, MXenes exhibit biocompatibility, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as fostering osseointegration and bone regeneration. Despite these promising findings, the wide variability in synthesis methods and material compositions underscores the need for further clinical studies to enable the development of these materials into next-generation antimicrobial and bioactive coatings for biomedical implant applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd