Browsing by Author "Ghosh, B.C."

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CoMCLOUD: Virtual Machine Coalition for Multi-Tier Applications over Multi-Cloud Environments
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Addya, S.K.; Satpathy, A.; Ghosh, B.C.; Chakraborty, S.; Ghosh, S.K.; Das, S.K.
Applications hosted in commercial clouds are typically multi-tier and comprise multiple tightly coupled virtual machines (VMs). Service providers (SPs) cater to the users using VM instances with different configurations and pricing depending on the location of the data center (DC) hosting the VMs. However, selecting VMs to host multi-tier applications is challenging due to the trade-off between cost and quality of service (QoS) depending on the placement of VMs. This paper proposes a multi-cloud broker model called CoMCLOUD to select a sub-optimal VM coalition for multi-tier applications from an SP with minimum coalition pricing and maximum QoS. To strike a trade-off between the cost and QoS, we use an ant-colony-based optimization technique. The overall service selection game is modeled as a first-price sealed-bid auction aimed at maximizing the overall revenue of SPs. Further, as the hosted VMs often face demand spikes, we present a parallel migration strategy to migrate VMs with minimum disruption time. Detailed experiments show that our approach can improve the federation profit up to 23% at the expense of increased latency of approximately 15%, compared to the baselines. © 2013 IEEE.
Democratizing University Seat Allocation using Blockchain
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Jahnavi, Y.; Prathyusha, M.; Shahanaz, S.; Thummar, D.; Ghosh, B.C.; Addya, S.K.
Online seat allocation processes such as Joint Seat Allocation Authority in India have streamlined the university seat allocation process and reduced the risk of seats being vacant. Similar centralized online counseling processes are used for many universities in different countries. In-spite of being a collaborative process involving different stakeholders, such systems are centralized having their inherent limitations including lack of transparency, risk of censorship, manipulation, and single point of failure. In this demonstration, we showcase a decentralized ledger technology based system and application for democratizing the university seat allocation process. We demonstrate that the user experience of the proposed system is almost identical to the traditional centralized one, in spite of having the additional benefits of transparency, auditability, and non-repudiability of the decentralized architecture. Â© 2022 IEEE.
DeSAT: Towards Transparent and Decentralized University Counselling Process
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Thummar, D.; Jahnavi, Y.; Prathyusha, M.; Shahanaz, S.; Ghosh, B.C.; Addya, S.K.
The admission process in academic institutions (universities, colleges, etc.) is more digitized than ever. Starting from standardized tests to application processing, to shortlisting on the basis of merit, to even document verification, everything is carried out through online processes now. However, in spite of having huge benefits in terms of convenience, existing admission processes severely lack transparency. The entire process is dependent on certain central authoritative entities such as the testing authorities followed by the institutes themselves. Moreover, critical tasks such as verifying educational and identity-related documents of students is a tedious affair and the effort is duplicated across all institutions. In this work, we attempt to overcome these limitations of the existing workflow of academic institutes' admission process by designing a distributed ledger based framework that involves the academic institutes, testing authorities, document and credential validators, as well as the students. Our framework DeSAT uses verifiable credentials together with a permissioned ledger to remove the duplicate efforts in verification of test scores as well as validation of students' documents. In addition, it makes the entire process transparent and auditable while enforcing fair merit-based seat allotment through smart contracts. Through a prototype implementation using Hyperledger Fabric, Indy, and Aries, we demonstrate the practicality of DeSAT and show that our system offers acceptable performance while scaling with the number of participating institutions. Â© 2022 IEEE.
Enhancing Security in Smart Contract Wallets : An OTP Based 2-Factor Authentication Approach
(Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 2025) Kalash; Ghosh, B.C.; Addya, S.K.
As cryptocurrencies have gained widespread popularity, the security and handling of crypto-assets have become increasingly crucial. Numerous attacks targeting both users and blockchain platforms have led to substantial financial losses. This paper proposes a system for 2-factor authentication (2FA) for smart contract wallets, providing users with a flexible, secure, and customizable way of managing their crypto assets. The proposed methodology utilizes cryptographic hash functions and hash chains to generate One-Time Passwords (OTPs) for authentication, ensuring protection against unauthorized access. The 2FA setup involves a client interacting with a smart contract along with an authenticator and software wallet while using the public-private key pair of wallet as the first factor, and OTPs as the second factor. This is done through a two-stage protocol for bootstrapping and operation execution, and offers a level of security similar to traditional authentication schemes like HOTP. Using a novel pre-commitment scheme we also defend the users from front-running attacks. The implementation of the system is done in the context of public blockchain evaluating the practicality and effectiveness of the 2FA model. We open source our implementation for the Ethereum platform and make it available for the community. Furthermore, we analyse the cost incured based on gas consumption, space requirements and payload. In addition we suggest future enhancements for shorter OTP lengths and time based OTPs. Â© 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
Geo-Distributed Multi-Tier Workload Migration Over Multi-Timescale Electricity Markets
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Addya, S.K.; Satpathy, A.; Ghosh, B.C.; Chakraborty, S.; Ghosh, S.K.; Das, S.K.
Virtual machine (VM) migration enables cloud service providers (CSPs) to balance workload, perform zero-downtime maintenance, and reduce applications' power consumption and response time. Migrating a VM consumes energy at the source, destination, and backbone networks, i.e., intermediate routers and switches, especially in a Geo-distributed setting. In this context, we propose a VM migration model called Low Energy Application Workload Migration (LEAWM) aimed at reducing the per-bit migration cost in migrating VMs over Geo-distributed clouds. With a Geo-distributed cloud connected through multiple Internet Service Providers (ISPs), we develop an approach to find out the migration path across ISPs leading to the most feasible destination. For this, we use the variation in the electricity price at the ISPs to decide the migration paths. However, reduced power consumption at the expense of higher migration time is intolerable for real-time applications. As finding an optimal relocation is $\mathcal {NP}$NP-Hard, we propose an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based bi-objective optimization technique to strike a balance between migration delay and migration power. A thorough simulation analysis of the proposed approach shows that the proposed model can reduce the migration time by 25%-30% and electricity cost by approximately 25% compared to the baseline. © 2008-2012 IEEE.