Browsing by Author "Gayana, B.C."

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A Comparative Study on Using Laterite and Sandstone Aggregates on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2021) Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, K.R.; Reddy, K.R.
Scarcity of natural aggregates in concrete construction is leading to explore the use of alternative materials, especially various industrial waste products. Mining industry is one such major source of waste materials. Sandstone, which is overlying coal seams, is the largest quantity of waste rock being produced by coal mining industry. Laterite is another waste comes from small scale quarries. An attempt is made to assess the use of laterite-GGBS and sandstone as partial replacement for sand in concrete. Sandstone samples were collected from the dumps of a coal mine in south India and laterite samples were collected from different quarries from the southwestern part of India. Various properties of mine waste samples were determined in the laboratory as per IS codes, the properties were found to be very close to that of natural river sand. Mix proportions were prepared for M20 grade concrete. Mechanical properties of concrete with different mixes (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement with sand) were determined and compared. As a result, the concrete mixes with the replacement of fine aggregates with 100% sandstone increased in strength properties i.e., compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength compared to laterite mixes, where the strength properties decreased with increase in replacement levels. This indicates that sandstone can be an effective replacement for the river sand in concrete. Â© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
A study on suitability of iron ore overburden waste rock for partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete pavements
(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, K.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material, several sustainable materials are under investigation to reduce the impact of its production processes, by considering partial replacement of natural constituents with the waste materials without compromising the durability and strength of concrete in view to reduce both the demand of raw material and effective waste disposal of millions of tons from different sources. There has been a constant research to substitute the natural aggregates with other waste materials to develop sustainable pavements. In the process, the waste produced from Mining industry is one of such source. The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of iron ore waste as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete with reference to the conventional materials. Physico-chemical properties and aggregate tests such as crushing, abrasion, impact, shape test, the specific gravity and water absorption were determined as per Standards and the results were within the limits indicating their applicability as a pavement material. Partial replacement by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with waste rock was tested for its mechanical properties and it was found that, 40% replacement of waste rock yielded highest compressive strength compared to the control mix. Regression analysis was carried out to predict the performance analysis of the compressive strength of the samples with IOT.The performance prediction analysis shows that curing days influencing more compared to % replacement with IOT. Â© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
An experiment investigation on physical and mechanical properties of high strength concrete with suitable admixture
(Trans Tech Publications Ltd ttp@transtec.ch, 2019) Gayana, B.C.; Shashanka, M.; Rao, A.N.; Ram Chandar, K.
Concrete is an essential construction material. Even-though conventional concrete performs and satisfy the structures under normal conditions, a few special situations require very high compressive strength of concrete. An experimental investigation is done to develop high strength concrete with suitable admixtures and steel fibers. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete with alccofine as partial replacement for binder and poly-carboxylate ether (Glenium 8233) and steel fibers is investigated for the workability and mechanical properties i.e., compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength of concrete. Based on the results, the strength increased with the addition of alccofine compared to the control mix. Hence, by optimum percentage of alccofine, high strength of concrete of 112 MPa can be obtained. Â© 2019 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.
Iron Ore Mine Waste and Tailings as Aggregates in Concrete
(CRC Press, 2022) Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, R.C.
As large quantity of iron ore is being produced around the world, accordingly large quantity of overburden waste and tailings are produced which needs to be disposed in an environmental friendly manner. Utilization of such waste and tailings in concrete as a building material is beneficial for mining industry as well as construction industry. This chapter presents a systematic research study carried out to investigate the potential use of iron ore waste rock (WR) and iron ore tailings (IOT) as coarse and fine aggregates in concrete. Two different mixes were considered, one set of concrete mixes with WR as coarse aggregates and other set of concrete mixes with IOT as fine aggregates were replaced partially by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% with varying water-cement (w/c) ratio for each composition by 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 and tested for 3, 7 and 28 curing days. Around 162 cubes, 54 cylinders and 54 beams were casted for each mix composition and tested for their strength properties. Optimum strength was obtained at 40%, 30% and 20% replacement of WR in concrete at 28 days cured specimen for 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 w/c, respectively. Similarly, optimum percentage of IOT for 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 w/c is 30%, 20% and 10%, respectively for 28 days cured specimens. Concrete mix with IOT was workable with higher w/c compared to 0.35 and 0.40 w/c; this is due to the high specific gravity of IOT. In case of WR concrete, workability was found to satisfy the design criteria. Flexural strength observed for IOT and WR concrete mixes ranged between 4.50 and 5.10 MPa. Similar trend was observed in case of compressive and splitting tensile strength. © 2022 Ram Chandar Karra, Gayana B.C and Shubhananda Rao P.
Mine Waste Utilization
(CRC Press, 2022) Ram Chandar, R.C.; Gayana, B.C.; Shubhananda Rao, P.
This book is a comprehensive work on utilization of overburden waste, ash, tailings, and other processed waste produced by mining industry. It details various laboratory tests to identify the suitability of mine waste. It explains varied usage of different types of mine waste as in concrete pavements, bricks and to enhance fertile characteristics of waste lands. Various physico-mechanical properties of mine waste material and their optimum percentage for replacement with sand and coarse aggregate along with additives for optimum strength of concrete / bricks are discussed. Key features: Covers the technical approach in terms of testing and characterizing mine waste Focusses on effective use of mining waste to make sustainable and ecofriendly mining Presents analysis of physical properties of iron ore waste and their usage Describes testing methods for each type of mine waste and its physical property characterization for every application Includes detailed study to use iron ore waste and tailings in concrete pavements This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in mining, geotechnical, and civil engineering. Â© 2022 Ram Chandar Karra, Gayana B.C and Shubhananda Rao P.
Physico-mechanical properties of concrete with industrial waste-A case study
(Avestia Publishing info@avestia.com, 2019) Gayana, B.C.; Shashanka, M.; Rao, A.N.; Ram Chandar, K.
A few waste materials, such as demolition waste, steel slag, quarry dust, fly ash are dumped in landfills. This causes environmental issues and pollution. The present study aims to examine the effect of replacing two types of waste materials i.e., quarry dust and steel slag as partial replacement of cement and sand respectively. Cement was replaced partially with quarry dust between 5 to 20% with 5% intervals and sand was replaced by 75% steel slag consistently for all the concrete mixes. The concrete cubes, beams and cylinders were tested for their strength characteristics by measuring compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength. The maximum increase of 4%, 34% and 38% in compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength respectively was observed with 15% quarry dust replaced with cement and 75% steel slag replaced with sand. Based on the present experimental study, partial replacement of these waste materials shall mitigate the issues occurring due to storage and also by utilizing these materials in concrete as replacement for cement and sand resulting in higher strength properties compared to the naturally available construction materials. Â© 2019, Avestia Publishing.
A study on suitability of iron ore overburden waste rock for partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete pavements
(2018) Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, K.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material, several sustainable materials are under investigation to reduce the impact of its production processes, by considering partial replacement of natural constituents with the waste materials without compromising the durability and strength of concrete in view to reduce both the demand of raw material and effective waste disposal of millions of tons from different sources. There has been a constant research to substitute the natural aggregates with other waste materials to develop sustainable pavements. In the process, the waste produced from Mining industry is one of such source. The aim of this study is to evaluate the suitability of iron ore waste as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete with reference to the conventional materials. Physico-chemical properties and aggregate tests such as crushing, abrasion, impact, shape test, the specific gravity and water absorption were determined as per Standards and the results were within the limits indicating their applicability as a pavement material. Partial replacement by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% with waste rock was tested for its mechanical properties and it was found that, 40% replacement of waste rock yielded highest compressive strength compared to the control mix. Regression analysis was carried out to predict the performance analysis of the compressive strength of the samples with IOT.The performance prediction analysis shows that curing days influencing more compared to % replacement with IOT. � Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Sustainable use of mine waste and tailings with suitable admixture as aggregates in concrete pavements-A review
(Techno Press technop2@chollian.net, 2018) Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, K.R.
Utilization of mine waste rocks and tailings in concrete as aggregates will help in sustainable and greener development. The literature shows the potential use of iron ore tailings as a replacement of natural fine aggregates. As natural sand reserves are depleting day by day, there is a need for substitution for sand in concrete. A comprehensive overview of the published literature on the use of iron ore waste and tailings and other industrial waste in concrete is being presented. The effect of various properties such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, durability and microstructure of concrete have been presented in this paper. © 2018 Techno-Press, Ltd.
Use of iron ore mine tailings in infrastructure projects
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2019) Shubhananda Rao, P.; Gayana, B.C.; Ram Chandar, K.
Utilisation of iron ore tailings in bricks as a replacement for sand will help in sustainable and greener development. The literature shows the potential use of iron ore tailings as a replacement of natural fine aggregates. As natural sand reserves are depleting day by day, there is a need for substitution for sand in bricks. A comprehensive overview of the published literature on the use of iron ore tailings and other industrial waste is being presented. The effects of various properties such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity and durability of bricks have been presented in this paper. © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.