Browsing by Author "Dayananda, B.N."

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A Multiple Llyods Approach for LiDAR Point Cloud Quantization and Communication
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Dayananda, B.N.; Achala, G.; Srihari, P.; Raju, M.K.; Vandana, G.S.; Pardhasaradhi, B.
The development and usage of drones and LiDARs have become common in forestry, archaeology, surveillance, and intruders in recent years. Even though both domains reached a very mature state, the usage, integration of LiDAR scanning from drones, security, and low bandwidth constraints are still fantasy. This paper proposed to use LiDAR on a drone to scan the area, quantize the point cloud, and communicate it to the ground station through free space communication. The purpose of open space communication rather than cloud-based solutions is to avoid related security threats. In addition, this paper uses Lloyds-based quantization to achieve optimality in the quantization scheme. Before transmitting the point cloud, it is proposed to quantize it in parallel optimal quantizers. As a result of the proposed quantizer model, we calculated the RMSE, bandwidth, and choice of communication module for this particular scenario. The quantization loss is shown in terms of RMSE, bandwidth, and channel capacity requirements depicted with some bits. RMSE value obtained in this work for the Lloyds quantization method is 0.899. The LiDAR point cloud data is transmitted to ground station with data rate of 21Mbps utilizing free space optical communication. Â© 2023 IEEE.
Design of Barker-7 Radar Pulse Compressor Using DSP Architecture Minimization Techniques
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Anoop, K.; Dayananda, B.N.; Achala, G.; Srihari, P.; Pardhasaradhi, B.; Cenkarmaddi, L.R.
Pulse compression algorithms play an important role in achieving better range resolution (RR) in automobile radar and ultrasonic sensors. The RR is the sensor's capacity to distinguish between two targets positioned in the same angular direction but at different distances. The Digital Signal Processing Architecture (DSPA) used in the pulse compressor is crucial for reaching high speeds or reducing hardware needs. This work presents two unique radar pulse compressor DSPAs for Barker-7 sequences, based on latency and area. One proposed design is the unfolding DSPA technology, which increases sample rate and speed. At the same time, another architecture, the folding DSPA approach, reduces hardware utilization and power consumption. The proposed DSPA design architectures are implemented and verified with the Artix-7 FPGA Kit. The unfolded Barker-7 pulse compressor increased the speed by 1.87 times as compared to the standard broadcasting Barker-7 realization, as demonstrated by the hardware implementation results. Folded Barker-7 architecture consumed 89% less power than existing Barker-7 broadcast architecture. The DSPAs proposed for the Barker-7 pulse compressor are ideal for ultrasonic, sonar, and radar applications that require high speed and low power. Â© 2024 IEEE.
High-Speed Strassen Matrix Multiplication Accelerators for 2D Kalman Filter
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Pudi, M.; Dayananda, B.N.; Achala, G.; Srihari, P.; Pardhasaradhi, B.; Cenkarmaddi, L.R.
High-speed and low-area Kalman filter (KF) algorithms are critical in autonomous vehicles, robotics, military, target tracking, and other applications. KF requires a large number of matrix multiplications (complexity of order O(n3)), which increases the number of cycles needed to process data. There is a vital requirement to develop a matrix multiplication accelerator module to enhance the efficiency of the entire Kalman Filter (KF) process. This paper proposes two accelerator models for KF, namely pipelined Strassen matrix multiplication and hybrid Strassen matrix multiplication. We propose pipelining the existing Strassen matrix multiplication architecture to reduce critical time to a single multiplication operation. To accelerate the KF and target the low area, we present a hybrid Strassen matrix multiplication architecture that reduces higher dimensions using the Strassen algorithm and computes the 2 Ã— 2 matrix using standard matrix multiplication. The Strassen algorithm, pipelined Strassen algorithm, and hybrid Strassen algorithm-based accelerators are designed for the Vertix-7 FPGA to determine the maximum possible frequency and space limitations. For demonstration purposes, a 2D-KF is studied with a four-dimensional state vector. Â© 2024 IEEE.
Real Time Vital Sign Monitoring System using AWR1642 Radar Module with Remote Access
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Dayananda, B.N.; Vandana, G.S.; Srihari, P.; Pardhasaradhi, B.
The remote access to vital sign measurements like pulse rate (PR) and breathing rate (BR) of a patient to doctors and family members makes it much more helpful in patient risk analysis. Texas Instruments AWR1642 frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar operates at 77-81 GHz frequency with 4 GHz sweep bandwidth for linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform. In the literature, AWR1642 is used to determine a person's PR and BR in an offline mode. In this paper, the AWR1642 radar module is integrated with Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (Pi4B), and a network connection is established using SIM7600G-H 4G HAT and accessed through TeamViewer software. For this experiment, we have considered ten males and ten females in the age group of 19-52 years and 18-29 years, respectively. The male and female attendees' average PR is 84.84bpm and 79.9965bpm, respectively. The male and female attendees' average BR is 18.408bpm and 16.526bpm, respectively. Ground truth data is gathered from a fingertip pulse oximeter(PO) to verify our readings of PR and BR. The overall absolute mean error (AME) of PR and BR compared to the PO data is 0.6430 % and 4.2595% for the 20 volunteers who participated in the experiment. Â© 2022 IEEE.