Browsing by Author "Chopra, S."

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Experimental Studies on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Mortar Containing Waste Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Chopra, S.; Kuttagola, K.; Prashanth, M.H.
It is well known that Portland cement production is an energy-intensive industry, being responsible for about 5% of the global anthropogenic carbondioxide emissions worldwide. An important contribution to the sustainability of concrete and cement industries consists of using pozzolanic additions, especially if obtained from waste such as waste glass. In the present study, crushed waste glass was used in mortar as a partial cement replacement (0, 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45%) material to ascertain applicability in concrete. Experimental studies were carried out to determine mechanical properties like compressive strength and split tensile strength and durability properties by immersing mortar in 5% sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid solution. Experimental results indicate better mechanical properties of mortar with 15% replacement of cement by glass powder. Further, with 15% replacement of cement by glass powder has shown better resistance to sulphuric acid attack and weight loss is comparable to weight loss in normal mortar in sulphuric acid and thus 15% replacement of cement can be considered as optimum dosage of glass powder in concrete. Also, glass powder replacement above 35% have performed poorly in all tests except in tensile strength test. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Influence of tectonic regime in the selection of ground motions for seismic site response analysis
(International Association for Earthquake Engineering, 2021) Shreyasvi, C.; Chopra, S.; Venkataramana, K.
The common practice in seismic site response simulation is to use the ground motion records consistent with the tectonic regime. In other words, for sites located in a stable continental region, ground motions recorded in a region with the same tectonic setup is used in computing the site response. In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the applicability of different ground motions in the simulation of local site response for a stable continental region. The numerical study was performed by using 140 ground motions recorded in stable continental areas and 150 ground motions recorded in active areas. The earthquake events with magnitude in the range of MW 5-8 and distance 1-300km (active) and 1-500km (stable) were chosen. The magnitude range was further categorized into various magnitude bins with a variation of 0.5 and distance bins with a variation of 50km. The ground motions were selected in such a way that there exist at least 5-7 ground motions in each combination of the magnitude and the distance bin and recorded at a site with VS > 760ms-1. The soil profile was chosen from Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Western India, which is an intraplate region. The seismic site response of this site was studied in the form of predominant period and the amplification. The variation of these parameters in different scenarios was evaluated. The spectral amplification observed for ground motions from both the tectonic regimes has been compared. The results reveal that the predominant frequency of the soil deposit varies between 0.3-0.4s depending on the induced strain by the input motion. Also, the difference in the performance of the soil deposits to the ground motions is evident in the amplitude. Overall, the present study is an attempt to address the merits and demerits of using ground motions of the active tectonic regime in a stable continental region. © The 17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Local site effect incorporation in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis A case study from southern peninsular India, an intraplate region
(2019) Shreyasvi, C.; Venkataramana, K.; Chopra, S.
The inclusion of local site effects into seismic hazard analysis is an important issue and has been attempted previously in both deterministic and probabilistic manner. The present study is an attempt to combine the local site response with the standard probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The site response was computed by performing an equivalent linear analysis in the frequency domain. The input soil profiles for the analysis were taken from the borehole data of the North Kerala region (one of the Southerly states in India). The uncertainty in estimating the shear velocity profile (VS) has been addressed by applying multiple VS N correlations. The variability in the choice of input motions has been reduced by selecting multiple ground motions representing distinct hazard levels (return period of 50 2000 years). The uniform hazard spectrum developed for the host reference site conditions has been adjusted to the target region and the input motions are scaled accordingly. The analyzed soil profiles were categorized into three distinct soil types namely Sand , Clay and All soil based on the predominant soil content. The empirical amplification equation as a function of input rock spectral acceleration (Sa r) was developed for each soil type. Sand exhibits nonlinear behavior for Sa r > 0.1 g whereas clay demonstrates sustained amplification at longer periods. The average spectral amplification observed is 3 for All soil , 5 for clay and 3.5 for sand in the study region. The regionally developed amplification function aids in transforming a Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) from generic to site-specific. The modified GMPE is integrated with the regional seismic source model to estimate site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard. The study produces site-specific spectrum and surface hazard maps which can be of direct use to planners and designers in creating a seismic resilient built environment. 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Local site effect incorporation in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis – A case study from southern peninsular India, an intraplate region
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Shreyasvi, C.; Venkataramana, K.; Chopra, S.
The inclusion of local site effects into seismic hazard analysis is an important issue and has been attempted previously in both deterministic and probabilistic manner. The present study is an attempt to combine the local site response with the standard probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. The site response was computed by performing an equivalent linear analysis in the frequency domain. The input soil profiles for the analysis were taken from the borehole data of the North Kerala region (one of the Southerly states in India). The uncertainty in estimating the shear velocity profile (VS) has been addressed by applying multiple VS–N correlations. The variability in the choice of input motions has been reduced by selecting multiple ground motions representing distinct hazard levels (return period of 50–2000 years). The uniform hazard spectrum developed for the host reference site conditions has been adjusted to the target region and the input motions are scaled accordingly. The analyzed soil profiles were categorized into three distinct soil types namely ‘Sand’, ‘Clay’ and ‘All soil’ based on the predominant soil content. The empirical amplification equation as a function of input rock spectral acceleration (Sa r) was developed for each soil type. ‘Sand’ exhibits nonlinear behavior for Sa r > 0.1 g whereas ‘clay’ demonstrates sustained amplification at longer periods. The average spectral amplification observed is 3 for ‘All soil’, 5 for ‘clay’ and 3.5 for ‘sand’ in the study region. The regionally developed amplification function aids in transforming a Ground Motion Prediction Equation (GMPE) from generic to site-specific. The modified GMPE is integrated with the regional seismic source model to estimate site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard. The study produces site-specific spectrum and surface hazard maps which can be of direct use to planners and designers in creating a seismic resilient built environment. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of Mangalore and Its Adjoining Regions, A Part of Indian Peninsular: An Intraplate Region
(2019) Shreyasvi, C.; Venkataramana, K.; Chopra, S.; Rout, M.M.
The Southwestern part of India investigated in the present study mainly comprises of states such as Goa, north Kerala and a major portion of Karnataka. A comprehensive regional seismic catalog has been compiled spanning over 190 years apart from a few prehistoric events from the early 16th century. The classical Cornel McGuire approach has been incorporated in the estimation of seismic hazard. The seismic sources are modeled as area sources and the entire study region is divided into four seismogenic source zones. The uncertainties involved in the formulation of the seismic source model and ground motion prediction model has been discussed in detail. Further, the procedure for selecting appropriate GMPEs involves the evaluation of multidimensional (M, R, T) ground motion trends and performance against observed macroseismic data. The epistemic uncertainty in the estimation of seismicity parameters and ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) has been addressed using logic tree computation. The results of the hazard analysis demonstrate that the existing seismic code underestimates the seismic potential of seismic zone II (BIS 1893) areas. The de-aggregation of the predicted seismic hazard revealed earthquakes of magnitude range (Mw) 4 6 occurring within a distance of 35kms to be most influential for any given site of interest. Sensitivity analysis has been performed for crucial input parameters in the formulation of seismic source and ground motion models. Site amplification study has been carried out using topographic slope as a proxy to shear velocity in the top 30 m (Vs30). A maximum of 60% to 80% amplification has been observed in the study area. The seismic hazard maps in terms of PGA have been plotted for the seismic hazard estimated at the bedrock level as well as the surface level for 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The hazard estimation specifically for the southern part of the west coast is the first of its kind. The investigation suspects mining-induced seismicity in Bellary and Raichur districts though there is no mention of this in the prior literature. 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of Mangalore and Its Adjoining Regions, A Part of Indian Peninsular: An Intraplate Region
(Birkhauser Verlag AG, 2019) Shreyasvi, C.; Venkataramana, K.; Chopra, S.; Rout, M.M.
The Southwestern part of India investigated in the present study mainly comprises of states such as Goa, north Kerala and a major portion of Karnataka. A comprehensive regional seismic catalog has been compiled spanning over 190 years apart from a few prehistoric events from the early 16th century. The classical Cornel–McGuire approach has been incorporated in the estimation of seismic hazard. The seismic sources are modeled as area sources and the entire study region is divided into four seismogenic source zones. The uncertainties involved in the formulation of the seismic source model and ground motion prediction model has been discussed in detail. Further, the procedure for selecting appropriate GMPEs involves the evaluation of multidimensional (M, R, T) ground motion trends and performance against observed macroseismic data. The epistemic uncertainty in the estimation of seismicity parameters and ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) has been addressed using logic tree computation. The results of the hazard analysis demonstrate that the existing seismic code underestimates the seismic potential of seismic zone II (BIS 1893) areas. The de-aggregation of the predicted seismic hazard revealed earthquakes of magnitude range (Mw) 4–6 occurring within a distance of 35kms to be most influential for any given site of interest. Sensitivity analysis has been performed for crucial input parameters in the formulation of seismic source and ground motion models. Site amplification study has been carried out using topographic slope as a proxy to shear velocity in the top 30 m (Vs30). A maximum of 60% to 80% amplification has been observed in the study area. The seismic hazard maps in terms of PGA have been plotted for the seismic hazard estimated at the bedrock level as well as the surface level for 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The hazard estimation specifically for the southern part of the west coast is the first of its kind. The investigation suspects mining-induced seismicity in Bellary and Raichur districts though there is no mention of this in the prior literature. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.