Browsing by Author "Chitragar, P.R."

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An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Nayak, V.; Bedar, P.; Kumar, G.N.
Fluctuation in oil prices and stricter exhaust emission norms were the main reasons wakening every researcher to search for suitable and feasible alternative fuels for automotive use. Among the available option gaseous fuels find their best position because of their compatible physical-chemical properties and ecofriendly nature than present fossil fuels. Hydrogen's combustion properties like high energy content, high heating value, wide range of flammability and low ignition energy with almost least toxic emissions are favorable to use in an IC engine as an alternative fuel. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) has lower carbon content, higher calorific value, octane number and flame propagation speed will improve the emission results compared to gasoline fuel. This paper describes an experimental results carried out to evaluate the combustion and emission performance of a Maruti Suzuki make, spark ignited four cylinders, four stroke engines at idle condition by using pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline. The engine was adjoined with Electronic Control Unit (ECU) assisting hydrogen and LPG injector system keeping gasoline line unchanged. Tests were carried out by using compressed hydrogen gas regulated by two stage pressure reduction from cylinder to atmospheric value and by using vaporizer pressure for LPG. For comparison engine was run first by gasoline and then by pure hydrogen and LPG. Study revealed that there was increment of 13% cylinder pressure for pure hydrogen and decrement of 4.5% cylinder pressure for LPG when compared to gasoline. The burn duration for pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline were found to be increasing respectively which infers that hydrogen has very short combustion duration and gasoline higher. It was observed that toxic emissions like Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were improved for pure hydrogen than LPG and gasoline. Â© 2016 The Authors.
Combustion Characteristics and Cyclic Variation of a LPG Fuelled MPFI Four Cylinder Gasoline Engine
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Nayak, V.; Rashmi, G.S.; Chitragar, P.R.; Mohanan, P.
Present study deals with to investigate the effect of dual mode of operation on combustion characteristics of engine and cyclic variation in a modified multi-cylinder SI engine. Experiments will be conducted with baseline gasoline and later with dual fuel mode of experiments i.e., gasoline with LPG with different ratios (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of LPG by mass). Experiment will be carried out with varying speed from 2000 rpm to 4500 rpm in steps of 500 rpm at full load condition with factory set static ignition timing of 5 deg. bTDC to investigate combustion characteristics and cyclic variations. Results revealed that as the LPG percentage increases the peak pressure also increases and it is maximum for 100% LPG for all the speed. At 4500 rpm the percentage increase in peak pressure is 20% for 100% LPG, 9% for 25%LPG, 3% for 50%LPG, 1% for 75%LPG when compared to gasoline at full load. This increase in peak pressure will indicate the LPG will give better combustion properties compared to that of gasoline. Compared to peak pressure, the variation in cycle to cycle for IMEP is less.Net heart release rate shows that gasoline will give the more heat release compare to all other fuels, but LPG will release the heat little earlier than gasoline. Since peak pressure is near to TDC for LPG which results in NHRR to occur earlier than gasoline. Final outcome of the research is LPG will have better combustion properties compared to gasoline but cyclic fluctuations are more for LPG. Â© 2016 The Authors.
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of High Speed Spark Ignition Engine- An Experimental Study
(2015) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.
This article experimentally characterizes the combustion and emission parameters of a single cylinder high speed SI engine operating with different concentrations of hydrogen with gasoline fuel. For this purpose, the conventional carbureted high speed SI engine was modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein ECU was used to control the injection timings and durations of gasoline. The experiments have been conducted for different engine speeds at various throttle positions. The experimental results demonstrated that engine brake power and brake thermal efficiency increased to certain extent and then decreases with the increase of hydrogen percentage in the fuel blend. The experimental results revealed that heat release and cylinder pressure increased with addition of hydrogen fraction till 20%. It also showed the reduction in HC and CO emissions in comparison with pure gasoline. The main drawback detected was higher NOx emissions due to the high combustion temperature. Copyright � 2015 SAE International.
Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of High Speed Spark Ignition Engine- An Experimental Study
(SAE International, 2015) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.
This article experimentally characterizes the combustion and emission parameters of a single cylinder high speed SI engine operating with different concentrations of hydrogen with gasoline fuel. For this purpose, the conventional carbureted high speed SI engine was modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein ECU was used to control the injection timings and durations of gasoline. The experiments have been conducted for different engine speeds at various throttle positions. The experimental results demonstrated that engine brake power and brake thermal efficiency increased to certain extent and then decreases with the increase of hydrogen percentage in the fuel blend. The experimental results revealed that heat release and cylinder pressure increased with addition of hydrogen fraction till 20%. It also showed the reduction in HC and CO emissions in comparison with pure gasoline. The main drawback detected was higher NOx emissions due to the high combustion temperature. Â© Â© 2015 SAE International.
Effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emissions performance of a high speed spark ignited engine at idle condition
(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2018) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.
The fuel depletion and environmental pollution have pushed studies on improving the combustion and emission characteristics of internal combustion engines with several alternative fuels. Expert studies proved that hydrogen is one of the prominent energy source which has exceptional combustion qualities that can be used for improving combustion and emissions performance of gasoline-fueled spark ignition engines. This paper introduced an experiment conducted on a single cylinder high speed gasoline engine equipped with a hydrogen injection system to discover the combustion and emissions characteristics with various hydrogen gasoline blends at idle condition. For this purpose, the conventional carburetted high speed spark ignition engine was modified into an electronically controllable engine with help of electronic control unit which dedicatedly used to control the ignition timings and injection duration of gasoline fuel. © 2018 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia.
Experimental Investigation of Variations in Spark Timing using a Spark-Ignition Engine with Hydrogen-Blended Gasoline
(Wiley-VCH Verlag info@wiley-vch.de, 2015) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.
This study describes an experiment conducted using an electronically controllable single-cylinder high-speed gasoline engine to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of various hydrogen-gasoline blends. The experiments have been conducted for various engine speeds and spark timings at the wide open throttle position. The experimental results revealed that the engine brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure first increase and then decrease with the increase engine speed at all spark timings. The minimum amount of brake specific energy consumption was observed for 20% hydrogen addition in the total fuel blend at 3000rpm engine speed and 14°crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC) spark timing. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced with the retardation of spark timings. Nitrogen oxide emissions were continuously increased with the addition of hydrogen in the fuel blend as well as spark timing advance. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition
(2016) Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Nayak, V.; Bedar, P.; Kumar, G.N.
Fluctuation in oil prices and stricter exhaust emission norms were the main reasons wakening every researcher to search for suitable and feasible alternative fuels for automotive use. Among the available option gaseous fuels find their best position because of their compatible physical-chemical properties and ecofriendly nature than present fossil fuels. Hydrogen's combustion properties like high energy content, high heating value, wide range of flammability and low ignition energy with almost least toxic emissions are favorable to use in an IC engine as an alternative fuel. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) has lower carbon content, higher calorific value, octane number and flame propagation speed will improve the emission results compared to gasoline fuel. This paper describes an experimental results carried out to evaluate the combustion and emission performance of a Maruti Suzuki make, spark ignited four cylinders, four stroke engines at idle condition by using pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline. The engine was adjoined with Electronic Control Unit (ECU) assisting hydrogen and LPG injector system keeping gasoline line unchanged. Tests were carried out by using compressed hydrogen gas regulated by two stage pressure reduction from cylinder to atmospheric value and by using vaporizer pressure for LPG. For comparison engine was run first by gasoline and then by pure hydrogen and LPG. Study revealed that there was increment of 13% cylinder pressure for pure hydrogen and decrement of 4.5% cylinder pressure for LPG when compared to gasoline. The burn duration for pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline were found to be increasing respectively which infers that hydrogen has very short combustion duration and gasoline higher. It was observed that toxic emissions like Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were improved for pure hydrogen than LPG and gasoline. � 2016 The Authors.
Hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of high speed spark ignition engine- An experimental study
(Taylor's University # 1, Jalan Taylor's Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, 2016) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.
The present article aims at characterizing the combustion and emission parameters of a single cylinder high speed SI engine operating with different concentrations of hydrogen with gasoline fuel. The conventional carburetted SI engine was modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein ECU was used to control the injection timings and durations of gasoline. The engine was maintained at a constant speed of 3000 rpm and wide open throttle position. The experimental results demonstrated that heat release rate and cylinder pressure were increased with the addition of hydrogen until 20%. The CO and HC emissions were reduced considerably whereas NOx emission was increased with the addition of hydrogen in comparison with pure gasoline engine operation. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.
Influence of spark timing on the performance and emission characteristics of gasoline–hydrogen-blended high-speed spark-ignition engine
(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Nayak, V.; Kumar, G.N.
This article experimentally investigates the effect of spark timing on performance and emission characteristics of high-speed spark-ignition (SI) engine operated with different hydrogen–gasoline fuel blends. For this purpose, the conventional carbureted SI engine is modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein an electronically controllable unit was used to control the ignition timings and injection duration of gasoline. The tests were conducted with different spark timings at the wide open throttle position and 3000 rpm engine speed. The experimental results demonstrated that brake mean effective pressure and engine brake thermal efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase in spark advance. Peak cylinder pressure, temperature and heat release rate were increased until 20% hydrogen addition and with increased spark timings. NOx emissions were continuously increased with the increment in both spark timings and hydrogen addition, whereas hydrocarbon emissions were increased with spark timings but decreased with hydrogen addition. CO emissions were reduced with the increase in spark timing and hydrogen addition. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Influence of water-methanol injection and turbocharging on the performance of a hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Ichchangi, M.; Ravi, R.; Yadav, M.S.; Kumar, K.
This article presents a study that compares the performance and emission characteristics of a four-stroke, four-cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine fueled by gasoline and neat hydrogen. The engine was equipped with turbocharging to optimize ignition timing for power boosting and vaporized water–methanol injection to reduce emissions. Engine tests were conducted at speeds ranging from 2000 to 6000 rpm, with a fixed intake pressure and varying quantities of hydrogen and spark advance timings. The study compared the results of non-turbocharged and turbocharged engines with water–methanol injection in terms of combustion, performance, and emissions. The findings showed that the turbocharged water–methanol hydrogen operation had a higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than its counterpart, while the brake power of the hydrogen engine operation increased with turbocharging but slightly decreased with water–methanol injection. Additionally, volumetric efficiency improved by 7% for turbocharged and 4% for water-injected hydrogen engine operation compared to the counterpart. The cylinder pressure for turbocharging with water–methanol operation yielded 16.32% higher compared with counterpart gasoline engine operation. Finally, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were reduced with turbocharging and water–methanol injection compared to the counterpart non-turbocharged hydrogen engine operation. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of 4-stroke four cylinder hydrogen fuelled SI engine
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2021) Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Gaikwad, M.S.; Kumar, G.N.
In respect of depletion of fossil fuel and its harmful effect on the environment, research on alternative fuel engines has fascinated large attention from the engine society. Among the several options considered today, hydrogen conceivably the ideal fuel in view of its immeasurable clean-burning qualities, source availabilities and thus promises to be the greatest potential fuel. This article explores the investigation on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of four-cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine experimentally. Tests were carried out by using pure gasoline and pure hydrogen by different loads and speeds at static ignition timing of 5-degree crank angle before top dead center (deg. CA bTDC). The experimental study discovered the decrement in brake power along with volumetric efficiency and increment in brake thermal efficiency with hydrogen fuel engine operation compared to gasoline operation. In-cylinder pressure is notably increased with hydrogen and peak pressure was shifted towards TDC in comparison with gasoline engine operation. The net heat release rate is enhanced with neat hydrogen engine operation compared to gasoline. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) were condensed and a nitrogen oxide (NOx) was amplified for hydrogen compared to gasoline engine operation. Â© 2021 Author(s).
Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel
(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Bedar, P.; Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Kumar, G.N.
It is well known fact that diesel engines are commonly used for transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. On contrary these engines churn out harmful and hazardous emissions like particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently Bio-origin renewable fuels have taken center stage of discussion because of their ability to replace depleting fossil fuels and capacity to reduce hazardous engine exhausts emissions when used in diesel engines. In the present experimental study Simarouba glauca biodiesel is used in a naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection kirloskar DA10 engine. The main objective is to investigate the effect of biodiesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine at 180 bar fuel injection pressure (FIP) with standard injection timing. B20, B40 biodiesel blends with 10, 15 and 20% EGR ratios were used for the study to investigate brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), NOx, and smoke opacity. Reduction in CO, HC and smoke opacity is noticed with simarouba biodiesel fuel while increasing NOx compared to diesel. Application of EGR along with biodiesel resulted in simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke without affecting engine performance. It was found from experiment that B20 blend at 15% EGR shown superior performance characteristics compared to other conditions. © Springer India 2017.