Browsing by Author "Bhat, K.S."

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A mobile application for Women's Safety: WoSApp
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Chand, D.; Nayak, S.S.; Bhat, K.S.; Parikh, S.; Singh, Y.; Kamath, A.A.
The safety of women is a concern of increasing urgency in India and other countries. The primary issue in the handling of these cases by the police lies in constraints preventing them from responding quickly to calls of distress. These constraints include not knowing the location of the crime, and not knowing the crime is occurring at all: at the victim's end, reaching the police assuredly and discreetly is a challenge. To aid in the removal of these constraints, this paper introduces a mobile application called WoSApp (Women's Safety App) that provides women with a reliable way to place an emergency call to the police. The user can easily and discreetly trigger the calling function by shaking her phone, or by explicitly interacting with the user interface of the application via a simple press of a PANIC button on the screen. A message containing the geographical location of the user, as well as contact details of a pre-selected list of emergency contacts, is immediately sent to the police. This paper describes the application, its development, and its technical implementation. Â© 2015 IEEE.
Development of adherent antimicrobial copper coatings on stainless steel for healthcare applications
(Springer, 2023) Bharadishettar, N.; Bhat, K.U.; Bhat, K.S.
Copper coatings were fabricated using an environmentally sustainable non-cyanide electrodeposition technique. By following four-stage acid pickling treatment of the substrate and optimum parameters during electrodeposition, adhesion strength up to 9 MPa was obtained. Four different copper coatings were fabricated by varying CuSO4. 5H2O concentration in an electrolyte (10, 15, 30, and 45 g/L) to understand nucleation and growth mechanism and surface texture evolution. Nano-nodular morphology of the deposited copper marks a significant feature. It increases the fraction of grain boundaries in it. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the preferred orientation along the (111) plane with the presence of residual compressive stresses (in the range of 24.90–273.92 MPa). Surface texture studies indicated that the coating had an abundance of nano-scaled protruding structures with surface roughness’s Sa in the range of 2.507–1.674 µm (Ra in a range of 1.714–1.235 µm). It offers 3D contact with microbes. The developed coating had increased hardness (41.93%), scratch resistance (58.77%), and 9 MPa adhesion strength with the substrate. Initially, copper coatings had hydrophobicity against water (initial contact angle in the range of 134–139°). The extent of hydrophobicity decreased with exposure time. The developed coatings exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial studies using the cell viability technique indicated that the coating exhibits toxicity against Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (MCC2408) microbes. 100% reduction of the survival of microbes is observed after 4 h of exposure. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Dual storage mechanism of Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite as an anode for lithium-ion battery and lithium-ion capacitor
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Lakshmi Sagar, G.; Brijesh, K.; Mukesh, P.; Hegde, A.P.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, A.; Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Bismuth oxide(Bi2O3) and cobalt oxide(Co3O4) are promising owing to their unique properties, high storage capacity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, making them ideal for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and lithium-ion capacitors(LICs) anodes. This study presents the synthesis and thorough characterization of Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composites as potential LIB and LIC anode materials. The materials are synthesized using a hydrothermal process succeeded by annealing. Structural, morphological, and compositional studies were analyzed. Various tests evaluated electrochemical performance, including cyclic voltammetry(CV), confirming a dual storage mechanism like alloying and conversion reaction involved for better energy storage. Specific discharge capacities of 834 mAh/g and 1184 mAh/g were recorded for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite electrodes at a current density of 100 mA/g, respectively. The composite material exhibited notably enhanced rate capability, with 31 % and 51 % discharge capacities for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT, respectively. The cyclic stability assessment revealed that Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT maintained a high coulombic efficiency of around 99 % over 250 charge–discharge cycles at a high current density of 1 A/g. The capacity retention was approximately 253 mAh/g for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and 439 mAh/g for the Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite, indicating excellent cyclic stability and minimal energy loss during cycling. Moreover, the LICs assembly of Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT//CB was investigated, revealing a power density of 200 W kg?1 alongside an energy density of 8.64 Wh kg?1. The cyclic stability assessment over 10,000 cycles exhibits a capacity retention of approximately 45 % under a high current density of 2 A/g. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of isoelectronic tungsten doping on molybdenum selenide nanostructures and their graphene hybrids for supercapacitors
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical supercapacitors are vital for the advancement of energy storage devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of molybdenum selenide (MoSe 2 ), tungsten-doped molybdenum selenide (W–MoSe 2 ) and their graphene (G) composites (W–MoSe 2 /G) via a facile hydrothermal method. Physiochemical properties of the as-synthesized samples are examined using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Used as working electrodes for supercapacitors, MoSe 2 nanostructures could deliver the specific capacitance of 106 F g ?1 at 2 mV s ?1 scan rate. Further, doping with tungsten (W) demonstrates the variation of specific capacitances with 2 M % of tungsten as the optimum doping amount, delivering the maximum specific capacitance of 147 F g ?1 . Furthermore, graphene composites of these nanostructures deliver the enhanced specific capacitances of 248 F g ?1 and complimented with excellent capacitance retention capability of 102% for 20000 cycles. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Effect of oxygen substitution and phase on nickel selenide nanostructures for supercapacitor applications
(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical supercapacitors are the eminent technology for the progress of energy storage devices. The current manuscript deals with the formation of oxygen substituted nickel selenide nanostructures and their use as active electrode material for supercapacitor, expecting an enhanced performance owing to their sheet-like geometry, high specific surface area and porous assembly. In this context, Ni(OH)2 (nickel hydroxide) nanostructures were synthesized employing one-pot hydrothermal method and the ion-exchange reaction of Ni(OH)2 nanostructures with selenium resulted in cubic-NiSe2 (nickel selenide) nanostructures. Further, annealing NiSe2 nanostructures at intermediate pressure (10-3 Torr) has realized the partial oxygen substitution in place of selenium, resulting in NiSe/NiO nanostructures along with phase change from cubic-NiSe2 to hexagonal-NiSe. Supercapacitor electrodes fabricated using NiSe/NiO nanostructures delivered the specific capacitance of 83.5 F g-1 at the scan rate of 2 mV s-1, which is surprisingly more than a double as compared with pristine NiSe2 electrodes (37.4 F g-1). Annealing at intermediate pressure and high temperature significantly enhanced the specific capacitances of the nanostructured electrodes and also accompanied with the good capacitance retention of 94% for 5000 CV cycles. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Electrochemical hydrogen-storage performance of copper sulfide micro-hexagons
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical hydrogen-storage is one of the prominent energy storage systems. In this work, the hydrothermally synthesized copper sulfide (Cu2S) revealed a unique morphology of micro-hexagons as envisioned through scanning electron microscopy measurements. Electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) performance was evaluated using various electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and impedance spectroscopy measurements. The hydrogen discharge capacity of ~59.32 mAh g?1 was obtained at an applied current density of 1 A g?1. Further, the analysis of the charge-storage mechanism indicates foremost contributions from the redox processes. The prominent hydrogen storage performance is complimented with reasonable cyclic retention for 2500 cycles. © 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Low-Content Graphene Oxide in Porous Co3O4 Microsheets for Dual Applications of Lithium-Ion Battery Anode and Lithium-Ion Capacitor
(Springer, 2024) Lakshmi Sagar, G.; Brijesh, K.; Mukesh, P.; Amudha, A.; Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
The enhancement of electrochemical performance in lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials through nanostructures is of paramount importance, facilitated by the synergistic integration of these unique architectures with active materials, which increases the availability of active sites and decreases the diffusion path for lithium ions. In this investigation, we successfully synthesized cobalt oxide (Co3O4) microsheets composed of small nanoparticles (measuring 28–33 nm), employing a straightforward hydrothermal process followed by annealing. Furthermore, to enhance the composite’s ability to endure volume changes and increase its electrical conductivity, we created a Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite embedding a judicious amount of graphene oxide (GO). This engineered composite exhibited remarkable specific discharge capacity of 1081 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, a substantial improvement over the pristine material’s capacity of 718 mAh g−1. The composite demonstrated reduced irreversible capacity loss relative to the pristine counterpart and approached a reversible capacity of nearly 99%. Even after 400 cycles under the demanding conditions of high current density of 500 mA g−1, the composite managed to retain 81% of its initial capacity, underscoring its exceptional cycling stability. Moreover, the application of the Co3O4/rGO//carbon black (CB) assembly in lithium-ion capacitors (LIC) yielded notable energy density of 15.6 Wh kg−1 at elevated power density of 1007 W kg−1. These LIC devices demonstrated robust cyclic stability across extended cycles, sustaining 56% of their initial capacity after 2000 cycles while operating at a current density of 2 A g−1. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2024, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
Enhancing conductivity of Bi2O3 through ‘Fe3+’ doping for pseudocapacitor application
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) G, L.S.; Bhat, K.S.; Mukesh, P.; Hegde, A.P.; Kumar, A.; Brijesh, K.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Binary metal oxides have emerged as pSromising materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage systems due to their superior performance characteristics. In this study, we focus on bismuth oxide (Bi?O?), a material renowned for its high theoretical capacity, wide potential range, and exceptional power density, as a potential candidate for supercapacitors. Iron doping was employed as a strategy to enhance its electrochemical performance and modulate the band gap, thereby improving conductivity and charge storage efficiency. Fe-doped bismuth oxide (Fe-Bi?O?) was synthesized via a solvothermal method with varying iron concentrations (2%, 4%, and 6%), followed by annealing. The pure and iron-doped bismuth oxide samples revealed a combination of monoclinic and cubic phases and a prominent micro-sheet architecture. The introduction of iron doping led to a noticeable reduction in the band gap, highlighting its role in fine-tuning the electronic properties for enhanced energy storage capabilities. The electrochemical evaluation highlighted the 4% Fe-Bi?O? sample as the optimal composition, achieving a remarkable specific capacity of 904 F g?1, a substantial improvement over 101 F g?1 for pristine Bi?O?, at 1 A g?1 in a 2 M KOH electrolyte. Moreover, this sample exhibited outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 104 F g?1 after 2000 cycles at 10 A g?1. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Hydrogen evolution reaction at extreme pH conditions of copper sulfide micro-hexagons
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using non-precious compounds has gained substantial interest in the development of water electrolyzers. Herein, we report the synthesis of Copper sulfide (Cu2S) micro-hexagons via a hydrothermal method, followed by some of the important physiochemical characterizations and electrochemical measurements towards the HER. Cu2S micro-hexagons could catalyze the HER in both basic (1 M KOH) and acidic solutions (0.5 M H2SO4), corresponding to the extreme pH values of 14 and 0, respectively. As manifested from the polarization curve, Cu2S micro-hexagons required an overpotential of ?330 mV and ?312 mV to deliver a benchmark catalytic current density of 10 mA cm?2 in basic and acidic solutions, respectively. Furthermore, lower overpotentials are complemented with the prominent long-term stability of 24 h, as evident from chronopotentiometric analysis. The superior electrochemical performance of these Cu2S micro-hexagons demonstrates their promising suitability for water-splitting applications. © 2020 The Authors
In Situ Synthesis of Copper Sulfide-Nickel Sulfide Arrays on Three-Dimensional Nickel Foam for Overall Water Splitting
(Wiley-Blackwell info@wiley.com, 2020) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Developing simple and cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an effective strategy to curb the current energy demands. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of copper sulfide-nickel sulfide (Cu2S-Ni3S2) arrays supported by three-dimensional conducting nickel foam as a substrate (Cu2S-Ni3S2/NF). Cu2S-Ni3S2/NF demonstrates prominent electrocatalytic activity and persistent stability (>25 h) in alkaline solution (1 M KOH), requiring the overpotential of ?149 mV and 329 mV to drive the catalytic current density of 10 mA cm?2 for the HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, overall-water splitting in symmetrical configurations required the cell-voltage of 1.77 V to deliver 10 mA cm?2, complimented with an ultra-long term stability for 100 h. Therefore Cu2S-Ni3S2/NF could be a promising and effective electrocatalyst for water-splitting reactions. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
A mobile application for Women's Safety: WoSApp
(2016) Chand, D.; Nayak, S.; Bhat, K.S.; Parikh, S.; Singh, Y.; Kamath, A.A.
The safety of women is a concern of increasing urgency in India and other countries. The primary issue in the handling of these cases by the police lies in constraints preventing them from responding quickly to calls of distress. These constraints include not knowing the location of the crime, and not knowing the crime is occurring at all: at the victim's end, reaching the police assuredly and discreetly is a challenge. To aid in the removal of these constraints, this paper introduces a mobile application called WoSApp (Women's Safety App) that provides women with a reliable way to place an emergency call to the police. The user can easily and discreetly trigger the calling function by shaking her phone, or by explicitly interacting with the user interface of the application via a simple press of a PANIC button on the screen. A message containing the geographical location of the user, as well as contact details of a pre-selected list of emergency contacts, is immediately sent to the police. This paper describes the application, its development, and its technical implementation. � 2015 IEEE.
Modulations of physio-chemical and electronic properties of metalorganic KHO single crystals through Co(OH)2 nanoparticles doping
(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Mahendra, K.; Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.; Udayashankar, N.K.
Semiorganic crystals play vital role in the design and development of optical devices. In this context, we report the synthesis of metalorganic potassium hydrogen oxalate oxalic acid dihydrate (KHO) single crystals using slow solvent evaporation technique. Further, Co(OH)2 nanoparticles pre-synthesized using hydrothermal method are doped to KHO single crystals. Doping of Co(OH)2 nanoparticles in the crystal system were confirmed through XRD, EDAX and PL measurements. The XRD measurements indicate a shift in the peak positions and variation in the overall intensities. On the other hand, PL measurements also indicate enhanced emission peaks confirming the successful doping of Co(OH)2 nanoparticles in the KHO system. As the effect of doping, the declination in the optical bandgap and improvement of electronic conductivity were also observed. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Morphology-dependent electrochemical performances of nickel hydroxide nanostructures
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2019) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical capacitors form part of the developing technologies in the field of alternative energy sources. In the present work, nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2) nanosheets and microflowers are hydrothermally prepared employing different chemical precursors. Structure, morphology and chemical analysis are conducted using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Electrochemical performances as supercapacitor electrodes of the synthesized nanostructures are evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements with three-electrode configurations. The results indicated the specific capacitance of 180 and 417Fg-1 at a scan rate of 5mVs-1 for Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets and microflowers, respectively. The higher specific capacitances for Ni(OH) 2 microflowers could be attributed to the higher specific surface area, morphology, electronic conductivity and porosity. Both Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures exhibited good capacitance retention for 1500 cycles. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Nickel selenide nanostructures as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical water splitting has gained momentum for the development of alternative energy sources. Herein, we report the synthesis of two different nickel selenide nanostructures of different morphology and composition employing hydrothermal method. NiSe2 nanosheets were obtained by the anion-exchange reaction of Ni(OH)2 with Se ions for 15 h. On the other hand, NiSe nanoflakes were synthesized by the direct selenization of nickel surface with the reaction time of 2 h. Tested as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction, NiSe2 nanosheets and NiSe nanoflakes can afford a geometric current density of 10 mA cm?2 at an overpotential of 198 mV and 217 mV respectively. The measured Tafel slope values of NiSe nanoflakes are 28.6 mV dec?1, which is three times lower as compared with NiSe2 nanosheets (72.1 mV dec?1). These results indicates the HER kinetics of NiSe nanoflakes are at par with the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst and also complimented with the short synthesis time of 2 h. Further, both nickel selenides exhibit ultra-long term stability for 30 h as evident from constant current chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. © 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
O3 - A webpage preprocessing tool
(2015) Senthil, K.; Bhat, K.S.; Jamadagni, N.; Sureshan, S.; Prasad, G.
One of the prime factors for the success of the internet is determined by the time taken to load a web page. Even a difference of a few hundred milliseconds in the response time will largely affect the number of users of a web page to shift from one to the other. So, in the commercial market, providing quick service to the users is of utmost importance in remaining ahead of competitors. In this paper, we mainly address this issue by applying various optimization techniques at the front-end to improve the user experience by reducing the load time of the web pages. Though the overall optimization is purely web page-dependent, the optimization techniques not only reduce the time taken to load the page, but also reduce the load on the server.
O3 - A webpage preprocessing tool
(SciTePress, 2015) Senthil, K.; Bhat, K.S.; Jamadagni, N.; Sureshan, S.; Prasad, G.
One of the prime factors for the success of the internet is determined by the time taken to load a web page. Even a difference of a few hundred milliseconds in the response time will largely affect the number of users of a web page to shift from one to the other. So, in the commercial market, providing quick service to the users is of utmost importance in remaining ahead of competitors. In this paper, we mainly address this issue by applying various optimization techniques at the front-end to improve the user experience by reducing the load time of the web pages. Though the overall optimization is purely web page-dependent, the optimization techniques not only reduce the time taken to load the page, but also reduce the load on the server.
Performance evaluation of molybdenum dichalcogenide (MoX2; X= S, Se, Te) nanostructures for hydrogen evolution reaction
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gained interest owing to their low-cost, abundancy and predominant conductivity. However, forthright comparisons of transition metal chalcogenides for HER are scarcely conducted. In this work, we report the synthesis of series of molybdenum chalcogenide nanostructures MoX2 (X = S, Se, Te) via a facile hydrothermal method. Used as an electrocatalyst for HER, MoS2 nanograins, MoSe2 nanoflowers and MoTe2 nanotubes could afford the benchmark current densities of 10 mA cm?2 at the overpotentials of ?173 mV, ?208 mV and ?283 mV with the measured Tafel slope values of 109.81 mV dec?1, 65.92 mV dec?1 and 102.06 mV dec?1, respectively. Besides other factors influencing HER, the role of electronic conductivity in HER of these molybdenum dichalcogenides are elucidated. In addition, the presented molybdenum dichalcogenides in this work are also complimented with robustness as determined from high-current density stability measurements. © 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Porous cobalt chalcogenide nanostructures as high performance pseudo-capacitor electrodes
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Bhat, K.S.; Shenoy, S.; Nagaraja, H.S.; Sridharan, K.
Electrochemical supercapacitor is an essential technology that is pivotal for the development of reliable energy storage devices. Herein, we report the fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes using nanostructured porous cobalt chalcogenide (CoTe2 and CoSe2) electrodes, anticipating an enhanced performance owing to their higher contact area with electrolyte and large pore volume enabling shorter diffusion paths for ion exchange. In this regard, we synthesized CoTe2 and CoSe2 nanostructures via an anion-exchange-reaction between pre-synthesized Co(OH)2 hexagonal nanosheets and chalcogen (tellurium and selenium) ions under hydrothermal conditions. Structural, morphological and compositional properties of the as-synthesized materials are examined using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Pseudo-capacitive properties of CoTe2 and CoSe2 nanostructures as working electrodes are studied through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods using an electrochemical workstation. CoSe2 electrode delivered a specific capacitance of 951 F g?1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s?1, which surprisingly is almost three times higher in comparison to CoTe2 electrode (360 F g?1). Both CoTe2 and CoSe2 electrodes exhibited good capacitance retention capability for 2500 CV cycles. The superior electrochemical performance of the nanoporous CoSe2 electrode indicate their applicability for high-performance energy storage device applications. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Porous nickel telluride nanostructures as bifunctional electrocatalyst towards hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Bhat, K.S.; Barshilia, H.C.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Electrochemical water splitting technology has attracted researchers for the development of next generation fuels. Herein, we report the synthesis of nanostructured porous hollow nickel telluride nanosheets and their use as bifunctional electrocatalyst towards hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction, anticipating an enhanced performance owing to their 2D sheet like morphology, conductivity, porous nature providing larger catalytic surface for water splitting reaction. In this regard, nickel telluride nanostructures were synthesized via an anion-exchange-reaction between pre-synthesized nickel hydroxide hexagonal nanosheets and tellurium ions under hydrothermal conditions. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized for structural, morphological and compositional properties using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nickel telluride modified electrodes were tested as bifunctional electrocatalyst under acidic and alkaline conditions, through linear sweep voltammetry and constant current chronopotentiometry methods. The modified electrodes revealed an onset potential of ?422 mV and 87.4 mV dec?1 Tafel slope towards HER and overpotential of 679 mV and 151 mV dec?1 Tafel slope towards OER. The lower onset potentials are complimented with excellent electrocatalytic stability. © 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Recent trends and insights in nickel chalcogenide nanostructures for water-splitting reactions
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Bhat, K.S.; Nagaraja, H.S.
Developing earth-abundant-electrocatalysts for water-splitting reactions is of great importance to curb contemporary energy demands and to address the important issues such as global warming, pollution and etc. State-of-the-art electrocatalysts (Pt, RuO2 and IrO2) remain the first choice for water electrolysis, however, their high-cost, scarcity and poor stability motivate researchers for the search of abundant, inexpensive and stable enough electrocatalysts for long-term operations. Recently nickel chalcogenides have emerged as a promising substitute for state-of-the-art electrocatalysts, owing to their excellent physiochemical aspects such as high electronic conductivity, chemical stability, specific surface area and porosity. This review paper describes the different parameters to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity, followed by different synthesis methods and strategies employed for the synthesis of nickel chalcogenides. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of some of the important investigations and developments on nickel chalcogenides for water-splitting reactions. At last, the challenges and opportunities for the future exploration of these nickel chalcogenides are put forward and discussed. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.