Browsing by Author "Asokan, A."

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    Development of electrospun scaffolds for bone regeneration from strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Murugesan, S.; Patil, H.G.; Deshmukh, B.K.; N, S.; Asokan, A.; Mohapatra, A.; Lenka, N.; Anandhan, S.
    Strontium based biomaterials have gained importance in bone tissue regeneration due to their incredible osteoinductivity and differentiation ability. In this study, strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods [SrHAp, Ca9Sr(PO4)6(OH)2] were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Subsequently, electrospun fibrous scaffolds were fabricated from thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) dispersed with SrHAp nanorods. The loading of SrHAp nanorods in TPU was varied from 1 wt% to 7 wt% in steps of 2. Morphology of electrospun fibrous scaffolds and the dispersion of nanorods in the TPU matrix were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and elemental mapping by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The scaffolds exhibited 3D interconnected network structure with well-distributed pores. The SrHAp nanorods were observed to be smoothly dispersed in the polymer matrix in the scaffolds using elemental mapping and transmission electron microscopy. The newly developed scaffolds exhibited adequate mechanical strength combined with good biocompatibility and excellent biomineralization characteristics. Further, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay of the electrospun scaffolds against gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (gMSCs) revealed excellent survival and growth rate of the cells. In addition, the osteoinductivity study using gMSCs confirms the better osteodifferentiation in the scaffold containing 5 wt% SrHAp compared with its counterparts by showing the expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and RUNX2. Among all the compositions, the one with 3 wt% SrHAp loading demonstrated promising results in terms of fiber uniformity, improved mechanical properties, and enhanced cell viability. Thus, the SrHAp/TPU scaffolds developed in this study have the potential for use in bone tissue regeneration. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
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    Synthesis-driven properties of MXenes: A comprehensive review of antimicrobial, cellular, and osseointegration potentials applied to biomedical implants
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Calazans Neto, J.V.; Asokan, A.; Nagay, B.E.; Nechithodi, S.; Souza, J.G.S.; Gnanasekar, S.; Xu, L.; Murugesan, S.; Barão, V.A.R.
    Bacterial colonization in biomedical devices can lead to inflammation and bone loss, thereby compromising the implant's function. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, also known as superbugs, due to antibiotic abuse, further complicates and necessitates the exploration of innovative, versatile strategies. MXenes with multi-modal antimicrobial functionalities are promising two-dimensional (2D) materials for eliminating the complexities of biofilm, and for improving bone adhesion and tissue regeneration. However, methodologies for synthesizing MXenes are crucial to their performance, highlighting the need for further optimization. This review comprehensively explores MXene synthesis for biomaterial applications by analyzing their microbiological and biological properties while highlighting their potential to enhance osseointegration. To this end, a systematic search was performed, and 22 studies were identified that assessed at least one aspect related to the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, or surface characterization of MXenes. The MXenes analyzed in this review—Ti3AlC2, Mo2Ti2C3, and Nb2AlC—exhibit the typical accordion-like morphology with ultrathin sheets. These materials possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation, which are further enhanced upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Moreover, MXenes exhibit biocompatibility, supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as fostering osseointegration and bone regeneration. Despite these promising findings, the wide variability in synthesis methods and material compositions underscores the need for further clinical studies to enable the development of these materials into next-generation antimicrobial and bioactive coatings for biomedical implant applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd