Browsing by Author "Arulvel, A."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Comprehensive analysis of Syzygium cumini L. pomace extract as an ?-amylase inhibitor: In vitro inhibition, kinetics, and computational studies
(Academic Press Inc., 2025) Venkatramanan, V.; Balu, A.K.; Sinclair, B.J.; Perinbarajan, G.K.; Jenifer A, D.; Ganesan Sudha, H.; Arulvel, A.; Baskar, B.; Muthu, M.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) fruits and seeds have been traditionally used in Ayurveda to manage diabetes. While fruit and seed extracts have been extensively studied for their anti-?-amylase properties, pomace, a byproduct of juice extraction, remains under explored. This study investigated the ?-amylase inhibitory potential of jamun pomace (JP) extract by using in vitro and in silico methods. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed an half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC??) value of 85.68 ± 5.22 ?g/mL for the JP extract, comparable to acarbose (64.28 ± 7.15 ?g/mL). The extract exhibited mixed-mode inhibition, whereas acarbose showed competitive mode inhibition. At 10 ?g/mL, the Vmax of JP extract was half that of acarbose, demonstrating significant inhibition. GC–MS analysis identified 11 volatile compounds (R1–R11) in the JP extract. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and ADMET analyses confirmed the chemical reactivity of the volatiles, drug-like properties, and low toxicity. Molecular docking revealed a high binding score for R11 (?8.0 kcal/mol), similar to acarbose (?8.2 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrated the stability of ?-amylase complexes with R11, R3, and R8, with R11 showing the lowest binding energy (?28.75 ± 6.25 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that R11 and JP extracts hold promise as anti-diabetic agents. Utilizing JP extract as a nutraceutical offers the dual benefit of diabetes management and sustainable waste valorization in jamun juice production. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.
Differential delivery of vincristine to A549 cells using Chitosan capped silver nanoparticles under the pH trigger
(American Scientific Publishers order@aspbs.com, 2017) Venkatramanan, V.; Arulvel, A.; Bose, R.; Arumugam, G.K.S.
This study reports chitosan capped biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Chit@AgNPs) of Diameter=12 nm for efficient delivery of vincristine (VCR) to A549 cells under the pH trigger. About 48% w/w of VCR could be loaded to Chit@AgNP without any conjugation system. The infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of abundant quantities of the hydroxyl group on the surface of VCR loaded Chit@AgNP and it was confirmed by its negative zeta potential (-11.7 mV). Under in vitro condition, the release of VCR from Chit@AgNP into aqueous solution strictly followed first order kinetics with high preference to acidic pH. Significant cytotoxicity was observed in A549 cells than MDCK cells at p > 0-05 when incubated with VCR loaded Chit@AgNP, promoting high specificity towards cancer cells.
Model generation and process optimization of microwave-assisted aqueous extraction of anthocyanins from grape juice waste
(Blackwell Publishing Inc. subscrip@blackwellpub.com, 2017) Venkatramanan, V.; Shanmugam, S.; Arulvel, A.
The microwave-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from grape juice waste was investigated in this study. The optimization was implemented using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design and genetic algorithm (GA). Anthocyanins from grape juice waste were extracted under various microwave power (100–600 W), exposure time (1–5 min) and solvent/solid ratio (10–50 ml/g). The total monomeric anthocyanin yield was considered as the response for optimization experiments. The results indicated that the quadratic model was significant for the chosen response at p <.0001. The analysis of variance and response surface plots showed a significant interaction of all the selected independent variables over anthocyanin extraction process. The maximum anthocyanin yield of 1.31881 mg/g of grape juice waste was predicted by response surface methodology, and the prediction was improved to 1.32244 mg/g of grape juice waste by GA. A confirmatory experiment performed under optimum conditions showed anthocyanin yield of 1.3215 mg/g of grape juice waste. Hence, this model was successful in predicting anthocyanin extraction from grape juice waste under microwave-assisted extraction conditions. Practical application: Anthocyanin pigments find a broad range of implementation as food colorants, antioxidants, and anticancerous agents. The waste residue obtained during grape juice production and processing is also rich in anthocyanins and can be used as an alternative source for anthocyanin extraction. This study exploits the use of grape juice waste for anthocyanin extraction, and it can be the best way of waste management and cost reduction in grape juice production units. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.